Theoretical reflective performance of a sandwiched two-layer grating polarizer

The reflective polarizer is described by a sandwiched two-layer grating with a metal slab. Such a new polarizer is aimed to improve the performance of a reflective grating-based polarizer. The grating is optimized with the usual duty cycle of 0.5, where TE and TM polarizations are reflected in the –1st and the 0th diffraction orders, respectively. With optimized grating parameters, the extinction ratio can reach 45.5 dB and 41.9 dB in two diffraction orders, which are greatly improved compared with the conventional reported surface grating polarizer with the simple structure. Attractive merits of the new design are high efficiency, high extinction ratio, wide incident wavelength bandwidth for TE polarization, and wide angular range for TM polarization. Numerical results are expected to open new opportunities for the design of a grating-based polarizer with the enhanced performance by the complicated grating configuration.     

高损伤阈值矩形石英闪耀光栅的设计分析

采用模态法分析了矩形亚波长石英闪耀光栅的设计原理,给出了1.06 μm工作波长的矩形亚波长石英闪耀光栅的设计示例。研究表明,要设计性能优良的-1级透射闪耀光栅,应使0/1阶传输模的累积相位差为π的奇数倍。设计的透射闪耀光栅能够使TM偏振光和TE偏振光获得近100%的-1级衍射效率,且具有较大的加工容差,较宽的入射波长和入射角变化适应范围。     

高损伤阈值矩形石英闪耀光栅的设计分析

 采用模态法分析了矩形亚波长石英闪耀光栅的设计原理,给出了1.06 μm工作波长的矩形亚波长石英闪耀光栅的设计示例。研究表明,要设计性能优良的-1级透射闪耀光栅,应使0/1阶传输模的累积相位差为π的奇数倍。设计的透射闪耀光栅能够使TM偏振光和TE偏振光获得近100%的-1级衍射效率,且具有较大的加工容差,较宽的入射波长和入射角变化适应范围。     

High efficiency and broad bandwidth grating coupler between nanophotonic waveguide and fibre

A high efficiency and broad bandwidth grating coupler between a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) nanophotonic waveguide and fibre is designed and fabricated. Coupling efficiencies of 46\% and 25\% at a wavelength of 1.55~μ m are achieved by simulation and experiment, respectively. An optical 3~dB bandwidth of 45~nm from 1530~nm to 1575~nm is also obtained in experiment. Numerical calculation shows that a tolerance to fabrication error of 10~nm in etch depth is achievable. The measurement results indicate that the alignment error of ±2~μ m results in less than 1~dB additional coupling loss.     

Polarization measurements of laboratory VUV light: a first comparison between multilayer polarizers and photoelectron angular distributions

The use of photoelectron angular distributions to determine the linear polarization of VUV light over a wide range of photon energies is demonstrated. Light at wavelengths from 256 to 736 Å, partially polarized by large angle reflections in a toroidal grating monochromator and at a refocus mirror, has been analyzed. The results are validated by comparison measurements at spot wavelengths using multilayer polarizers.     

Threshold property of a nematic liquid crystal cell with two grating surface substrates

A grating surface can drive the liquid crystal molecules to orientate along the direction parallel or vertical to the projected plane of the grating surface. The nematic liquid crystal (NLC) cell manufactured with two pre-treated grating surface substrates may realize the vertical display, parallel display and twist display. In this paper, the threshold property of this NLC cell is investigated systematically. With the Frank elastic theory and the equivalent anchoring energy formula of grating surface substrate, the analytic expressions of the threshold voltage related to three displays are obtained, which are dependent on their geometrical parameters such as amplitude δ and pitch λ of the grating surface substrate. For a certain anchoring strength, the threshold voltage increases or decreases with the increase of the value δ/λ of the different displays.     

Analysis on polarization dependence of Fraunhofer diffraction by metallic grating with short period

A method based on the combination of finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm and Fourier transformation was proposed to analyze the Fraunhofer diffraction of gratings. Polarization dependence of the Fraunhofer diffraction of a one-dimensional metallic grating with period less than 8 times the incident wavelength was studied. Some special characteristics were found. The polarization dependence is related to period value, slit width, and thickness of the grating, and the missing orders predicted by scalar analysis appear. Besides, if the period of a grating is larger than 8 times the wavelength but the slit width or the size of the opaque portion of the grating is close to the wavelength, diffraction of the grating also becomes polarization dependent.     

Analysis of the bandwidth of resonant spectra for tilted fiber grating

Based on the coupled-mode equations, the formula of null-null bandwidth for tilted fiber grating is deduced in this paper. Numerical simulations and theoretical analysis of the effects of the tilt angle on bandwidth and maximum reflectivity are performed. Furthermore, under the maximum reflection of 95%, the relation of bandwidth with the tilt angle, modulation amplitude, and the needed length of grating are demonstrated in two three-dimensional diagrams. It reveals that the grating tilt can obviously narrow the bandwidth, especially in the case of large modulation amplitude and grating length, which is meaningful to its application in optical communications and fiber sensing.     

Polarization effect of femtosecond pulse breakdown in subwavelength antireflective relief grating

The transmittance property and the near-field distribution of subwavelength broadband antireflective grating directly patterned into the wide bandgap dielectric material as a function of the surface period and groove depth are performed by a rigorous Fourier modal method. It is found that the transmittivity is insensitive for TE and TM polarization, but the near-field distribution associated with laser damage resistance ability is strongly dependent on polarization state of incident light. What's more, the femtosecond pulse laser damage threshold of surface structure taking into account local maximum electric field enhancement was calculated numerically using a theoretical ionization mechanism model. The higher threshold on the surface period, pulse duration and incident wavelength for TM polarization than that for TE wave is demonstrated quantitatively.     

Analysis of restriction factors of widening diffraction bandwidth of multilayer dielectric grating

In order to design a multilayer dielectric grating with wide-bandwidth diffraction spectrum, the restriction factors of both the reflection bandwidth of multilayer dielectric high-reflectivity mirror and the guided-mode resonance phenomenon are studied in detail. The reflection characteristics of high-reflectivity mirror in zeroth and 1st transmitted diffraction orders are quantitatively evaluated. It is found that the reflection bandwidth of high-reflectivity mirror in 1st transmitted diffraction order, which determines the final diffraction bandwidth of multilayer dielectric grating, is evidently compressed. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the reducing of grating period is an effective approach to the elimination of guided mode resonance over a required broad band range both spectrally and angularly. In addition, the expressions for calculating the maximum period ensuring no guided mode resonance in the required bandwidth are derived. Finally, two high-efficiency pulse-compression gratings with broad-band are presented.     

光栅扫描光谱仪参数的研究

光栅扫描光谱仪的入射光线和出射光线的方向是固定的,在光栅转动下进行分光,这与光栅不动而入射光方向改变的分光方法不同。由光栅方程出发,计算出电脑自动控制多光栅转动的光谱仪测试系统的角色散率、线色散率和分辨本领,得出光栅扫描光谱仪的角色散率、线色散率和分辨本领等参数公式。所得结果与光栅不动而入射光方向改变的光谱仪的角色散率、线色散率和分辨本领不同。这为光栅扫描光谱仪的使用和研究提供了理论依据。     

测定双层组合介质接触热阻

 当激光辐照双层固体组合介质的外表面时，在变物性及界面接触热阻不变的条件下，数值计算了介质内部温度场时空分布。实验测定该双层介质背面对应点的温度曲线，与数值计算的结果进行比较，从而确定介质界面间的接触热阻。     

基于多路复用体全息光栅的角度放大器设计

为设计基于多路复用体全息光栅的角度放大器, 建立了多路复用角度放大器(MAM)模型, 从效率均衡性和角度分布均匀性两个方面归纳了其设计规则; 研究了光刻过程中的误差对MAM性能的影响; 分析了实际发散光束对MAM性能的影响. 研究表明:控制光栅空间频率和光栅倾斜角可以实现需要的MAM角度分布, 控制光栅厚度和折射率调制深度可以实现MAM最佳衍射效率; MAM最大复用路数不超过10路; 增大光栅倾角或者记录光与工作光波长之比有利于抑制参考光角度误差带来的MAM出射角分布误差, 减小光栅厚度有利于抑制厚度误差     

基于多路复用体全息光栅的角度放大器设计

为设计基于多路复用体全息光栅的角度放大器, 建立了多路复用角度放大器(MAM)模型, 从效率均衡性和角度分布均匀性两个方面归纳了其设计规则; 研究了光刻过程中的误差对MAM性能的影响; 分析了实际发散光束对MAM性能的影响. 研究表明:控制光栅空间频率和光栅倾斜角可以实现需要的MAM角度分布, 控制光栅厚度和折射率调制深度可以实现MAM最佳衍射效率; MAM最大复用路数不超过10路; 增大光栅倾角或者记录光与工作光波长之比有利于抑制参考光角度误差带来的MAM出射角分布误差, 减小光栅厚度有利于抑制厚度误差与折射率调制深度误差对衍射效率的影响; 当远场发散角大于光栅角半宽时, 最佳衍射效率下降到50%以下且角度选择曲线失去局部最小值; 增大空间频率或者光栅厚度可以减小所需的折射率调制深度, 增多MAM可复用路数, 但是不利于效率均衡性设计和抑制发散光束的影响.     

衍射光栅的第二类角色散及其特性分析

在由矢量衍射理论得到的锥面衍射情形下的广义光栅方程基础上，给出了对应于衍射极角的衍射光栅第一类角色散公式和对应于衍射方位角的衍射光栅第二类角色散公式，并通过理论和数值分析导出了第二类角色散发生突变的条件及相应的数学表达式. 关键词： 衍射光栅 锥面衍射 第一类角色散 第二类角色散     

利用偏振全息记录可重复擦写的偶氮相位光栅

利用偏振全息技术在偶氮苯侧链聚合物薄膜上进行了记录全息相位光栅的研究.从理论和实验两方面分析了不同的偏振全息模式、偶氮高分子聚合物材料和全息曝光时间对相位光栅生成的影响.通过实验比较,确定了最佳的实验条件,在形成折射率相位光栅的同时,最大限度的避免了由于大分子运动而导致的表面起伏对相位光栅的破坏,并在此基础上,记录了可重复擦写的全息相位光栅.这种全息光栅制作比较方便,光栅系数可以方便的调整,在室温下非常稳定并且能用圆偏振光完全擦除后重复写入.     

涡旋光束与相位全息光栅不对准时的衍射特性研究

研究了涡旋光束与相位全息光栅不对准时衍射光束的解析特性.利用理论推导的方法得出涡旋光束经相位全息光栅接收后一阶衍射光束的解析表达式.然后通过仿真分析分别得出在发生正常对准、横向偏移、角向倾斜及横向偏移和角向倾斜两者同时出现时衍射光束的质心偏移特性和中心强度变化特性.研究表明: 拉盖尔-高斯光束经相位全息光栅衍射后得到的光场表达式为合流超几何函数形式.光束与相位全息光栅间的不对准会引起衍射光束质心的偏移,而且光束质心的偏移量随入射光束偏移距离和偏离角的增加而增加,与入射光束的偏移方向和方位角无关.角向倾斜时 关键词： 拉盖尔-高斯光束 相位全息光栅 横向偏移 角向倾斜     

用于宽带高功率微波辐射的双层贴片天线特性

研究了用于宽带高功率微波辐射的双层贴片微带天线输入阻抗带宽和辐射特性,提出一种适合于高功率微波辐射的圆锥传输线馈电结构以减小传统馈电探针的引线感抗,使天线的功率容量提高到百MW级,同时作为同轴线到径向传输线的过渡变换,使反射系数降低近50%。通过数值计算分析了不同的介质基底厚度组合和贴片尺寸对天线带宽的影响,优化参数后的天线带宽达到了34.9%(电压驻波比小于3),带内平均增益高于6.5 dB,最大增益8.3 dB,主辐射方向上的远场辐射因子与馈入宽带脉冲幅度比值大于1.3。分析了天线的功率容量,模拟计算表明该天线可用于辐射幅值300 kV的宽带高功率微波。     

Temperature-insensitive transverse load sensing with improved accuracy using stress induced birefringence effects of fiber Bragg grating

Different from the basic sensing theory of the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors based on direct spectral analysis, a new method exploiting the polarization properties of FBG for temperature-insensitive transverse load sensing is proposed. In this paper, the birefringence effects on FBG under transverse load are analyzed. The evolution of the polarization dependent loss (PDL) of FBG with wavelength for the transmitted signals with respect to the transverse load is also studied theoretically and experimentally. We proposed utilizing the PDL evolution of FBG to precisely recover the wavelength spacing between the two peaks of x-mode and y-mode for accurate transverse load measurement. Good agreements between experimental results and numerical simulations had been obtained.     

弱双折射光纤布喇格光栅反射偏振对温度响应特性的研究

理论分析了切趾弱双折射光纤布喇格光栅反射偏振相关特性与温度之间的关系.数值模拟了切趾弱双折射光纤光栅的反射谱、偏振相关损耗和差分群时延随波长变化曲线.实验测出了不同温度下反射谱、偏振相关损耗和差分群时延随波长变化曲线.根据实验结果对偏振相关损耗和差分群时延的变化情况作出了分析.反射偏振相关损耗呈现两个峰值,随温度增加两峰漂移程度相同,表明偏振相关损耗无明显差异.差分群时延最大值随温度增加成线性向长波方向漂移,证明了光纤光栅正交模损耗变化的等同性.综合理论分析与实验结果表明:切趾弱双折射光纤布喇格光栅的偏振特性随温度产生明显的变化,其正交模变化呈现等比例特性.