第八大人造纤维——大豆蛋白纤维

介绍了新一代的绿色纤维大豆蛋白纤维的结构形态,并重点分析了其织物的特点及应用前景。     

Braided Fiber Current Collectors for High-Energy-Density Fiber Lithium-Ion Batteries

Fiber lithium-ion batteries represent a promising power strategy for the rising wearable electronics. However, most fiber current collectors are solid with vastly increased weights of inactive materials and sluggish charge transport, thus resulting in low energy densities which have hindered the development of fiber lithium-ion batteries in the past decade. Here, a braided fiber current collector with multiple channels was prepared by multi-axial winding method to not only increase the mass fraction of active materials, but also to promote ion transport along fiber electrodes. In comparison to typical solid copper wires, the braided fiber current collector hosted 139 % graphite with only 1/3 mass. The fiber graphite anode with braided current collector delivered high specific capacity of 170 mAh g⁻¹ based on the overall electrode weight, which was 2 times higher than that of its counterpart solid copper wire. The resulting fiber battery showed high energy density of 62 Wh kg⁻¹.     

光导纤维光谱法——Ⅴ.光导纤维化学传感器

本文介绍了光导纤维化学传感器的基本原理,传光型和传感型化学传感器的各种探头设计和构型,以及它们在无机和有机分析方面的应用。涉及参考文献105篇。     

Mechanical Behavior of Unidirectional Curaua Fiber and Glass Fiber Composites

Summary: This work intends to promote the use of natural fibers by comparing the behavior of isophthalic polyester matrix composites reinforced with unidirectional curaua fibers with that of unidirectional glass fiber composites. The composites were produced varying the reinforcement angle (0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75° and 90°) with the aim of studying the fiber orientation effect on composite strength. Composites were also made varying the fiber volume fraction (10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%). The efficiency of an alkaline (5% NaOH) surface treatment of the curaua fiber was also evaluated. The unidirectional composites were characterized using tensile, flexural and short beam tests as per ASTM standards. The properties of a lamina reinforced with either glass or curaua fibers were also studied using theoretical micromechanical approach available in commercial software. The curaua fiber alkaline treatment produced higher tensile strength results compared with untreated fibers. The increase in reinforcement angle significantly decreased strength and modulus of the composites, as expected, and the glass fiber composites showed a more pronounced dependence with fiber orientation. Although the glass fiber laminas showed the best mechanical performance, the results obtained with the curaua fibers were considered similar for angles greater than 45°.     

可生物降解型纤维材料

主要介绍了近年来可生物降材料合成技术的新进展及其在纤维材料上的应用,同时,介绍了可降解纤维材料如纤维素纤维、甲壳纱类纤维、聚酯纤维、聚酰胺纤维、尤其对淀粉纤维的发展作了较为详细的论述,指出淀粉纤维的应用领域已获得较大的拓展。由于淀粉可再生,可降解,成本低,淀粉纤维未来的应用前景十分广阔。     

Acetalization of Polyvinyl Alcohol Fiber with Aldehyde-containing Polyvinyl Alcohol Fiber

A procedure is proposed for preparing polyvinyl alcohol fiber with increased water absorption by acetalization of a freshly formed fiber with dialdehyde-containing polyvinyl alcohol fiber. The fiber characteristics were determined in relation to the acetalization conditions.     

胺肟型螯合纤维

胺肟型螯合纤维的胺肟螯合基团可以与某些金属离子发生螯合作用,增强了吸附金属离子的定向性和选择性。本文系统介绍了胺肟螯合纤维的定义、用途和研究进展。     

KOH Direct Activation for Preparing Activated Carbon Fiber from Polyacrylonitrile-based Pre-oxidized Fiber

The activated carbon fiber（ACF） was prepared from polyacrylonitrile-based pre-oxidized fiber（PANOF） by KOH direct activation. The influence of activation conditions including impregnation ratio（the mass ratio of PANOF to KOH）, activation temperature and activation time on the pore structure and electrochemical properties of ACF was investigated, and the corresponding activation mechanism was proposed. The ACF prepared at an activation temperature of 800℃ and an impregnation ratio（the mass ratio of PANOF to KOH） of 1：2 for an activation time of 1 b in 6 mol/L KOH solution exhibits a specific surface area of 3029 m^2/g, a mesoporosity of 84.2% and a specific capacitance of 288 F/g, and shows a good capacitive performance. The prepared ACF can be used as the electrode material for supercapacitors.     

中空纤维复合膜

中空纤维复合膜是分离膜的一种,它是由两种(或两种以上)不同的材料采用一定的制备工艺复合而成的,其优点是将中空纤维的结构特点(如自支撑等)和复合膜的分离优势(如高选择性高通量等)有机结合.本文首先介绍了中空纤维复合膜的基膜及复合层所用到的材料(或添加材料),并按照中空纤维复合膜的结构特点对其进行了简单的分类,并重点论述了中空纤维复合膜的制备设备及工艺.最后论述了中空纤维复合膜在渗透汽化、气体分离和纳滤等领域的研究进展和应用情况,指出中空纤维复合膜需要继续深入的研究内容.     

Mechanical Properties and Chemical Resistance of Short Tamarind Fiber/Unsaturated Polyester Composites: Influence of Fiber Modification and Fiber Content

In the present work, tamarind fibers were extracted from ripened fruits by the water retting process. Using these fibers as reinforcement and unsaturated polyester as matrix, composite samples were prepared by the hand lay-up technique. The effect of chemical surface treatments (alkali and silane) of tamarind fibers on the mechanical properties, chemical resistance, and interfacial bonding was studied. The mechanical properties of the composites with surface modified fibers were found to be higher than those with unmodified fibers. Morphological studies indicated improvement of interfacial bonding by alkali and silane coupling agent treatments of the fibers. The composites were found to be resistant to many chemicals.     

聚丙烯-麦饭石功能纤维的性能

应用冷场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)、声速法、蠕变测试、苯胺吸附和振荡烧瓶法对聚丙烯-麦饭石功能纤维的形貌、取向因子、蠕变性、吸附性和抗茵率进行了测试与表征.研究表明:聚丙烯纤维和麦饭石添加剂呈镶嵌结构,聚丙烯-麦饭石功能纤维表面存在一些微细褶皱,其杨氏模量和取向因子相对较低,蠕变现象明显;苯胺的吸附率在30%左右;抗菌率在90%以上,而且水洗50次后抗茵率基本不变,具有很好的吸附和抑菌作用.     

接枝改性木纤维对聚氯乙烯／木纤维复合材料力学性能的影响

接枝改性木纤维对聚氯乙烯／木纤维复合材料力学性能的影响廖兵，黄玉惠，赵树录，林果，丛广民（中国科学院广州化学研究所广州５１０６５０）关键词木纤维，聚氯乙烯／木纤维复合材料，接枝木纤维可作塑料的增强填料，但它与塑料的界面亲合性差，须进行改性，改善表面亲...     

The Rise of Fiber Electronics

As a new direction in applied chemistry, fiber electronics allow device configuration to evolve from three to two dimensions and then to one dimension. The reduction in dimension brings unique properties, such as ultraflexibility, tissue adaptability, and weavability, enabling their use in a variety of applications, particularly in various emerging fields related to implantable devices and wearable systems. The different types of fiber electrode materials are summarized based on the one‐dimensional configuration and their distinctive interfaces, various devices, and promising applications. The remaining challenges and future directions are finally highlighted.     

纺织纤维发展历程概观

人类在纺织材料的应用上历经了从天然纤维到化学合成纤维的发展道路。毛、麻、棉、丝是人类最早使用的天然纺织纤维。19世纪末,随着现代化学和化学工业的兴起,人类迎来了化学合成纤维的新时代。20世纪50年代以后,伴随着现代石油化学工业的快速发展,人类开启了以聚酯纤维等为代表的高分子合成纤维新时代。20世纪中后期,新型高性能的复合纺织纤维逐渐成为现代纺织材料发展的新方向。     

The Rise of Fiber Electronics

As a new direction in applied chemistry, fiber electronics allow device configuration to evolve from three to two dimensions and then to one dimension. The reduction in dimension brings unique properties, such as ultraflexibility, tissue adaptability, and weavability, enabling their use in a variety of applications, particularly in various emerging fields related to implantable devices and wearable systems. The different types of fiber electrode materials are summarized based on the one‐dimensional configuration and their distinctive interfaces, various devices, and promising applications. The remaining challenges and future directions are finally highlighted.     

碳纤维的抗氧化处理

用硼化合物对碳纤维进行抗氧化处理,提高了纤维的高温抗氧化性能。用热分析、电子显显微镜、表面电子能谱和X射线衍射等进行了研究,结果表明:碳纤维经过硼化合物处理后,氧化活化能提高123.4%,热氧化分解点提高268℃,高温使用寿命提高许多倍,但物理机械性能变化不大。     

阻燃粘胶纤维的研究进展

粘胶纤维是一种性能优良,穿着舒适的再生纤维素纤维,一直受到人们的欢迎。由于生产过程造成污染,发达国家逐渐关停了传统粘胶工业,发展中国家成为粘胶纤维的主要生产国。粘胶纤维的主要缺点是极易燃烧,湿态强度低。为减少人员伤亡和火灾损失,有必要添加阻燃剂对粘胶纤维进行改性。本文参考了国内外大量文献,介绍了国内外广泛使用的阻燃剂及最新开发的新型阻燃剂,对阻燃粘胶的发展历史和现状进行了详细的介绍,探讨了阻燃粘胶纤维的未来发展趋势。     

人造纤维的诞生

人造纤维是天然高分子化合物经化学加工后制得的纤维,不同于合成纤维,那是以低分子物质为原料完全经过化学加工合成的纤维。因此,人造纤维是由天然高分子化合物,淀粉、纤维素等的研究孕育而诞生。     

Fiber optic Z-cell for CZE

Fiber optic Z-cell for CZE was designed, constructed, tested and compared with on-column detection. Ten times higher sensitivity for Z-cell in comparison with on-column detection was achieved as expected from optical pathlength ratio. Linear dynamic range was > 4 orders of magnitude for both cells.