时间分辨荧光侧流分析法检测水中17β-雌二醇

以偶联17β-雌二醇包被原（E2－BSA）的长余辉粒子（PLPs）为荧光供体,胶体金标记抗体为荧光受体,基于免疫识别和荧光共振能量转移原理,建立了E2的竞争型时间分辨荧光侧流分析方法。创新性地以余辉优良、微米级大尺寸的PLPs为荧光信号源,并利用其在硝酸纤维素膜上不迁移的特性将E2竞争物固定于检测区,巧妙解决了常规试纸对信号材料尺寸的纳米级别限制和小尺寸PLPs余辉短暂的矛盾;采用低功率紫外灯为激发光源,以智能手机实现时间分辨荧光（TRF）模式荧光采集,有效去除试纸荧光背景干扰进而提高信噪比。该时间分辨荧光侧流分析（TRF－LFA）法对E2的检出限为0.1 ng/mL,比胶体金侧流分析（CG－LFA）降低了2个数量级,且特异性良好,30 min可完成检测。将该方法应用于水中E2的检测,与HPLC－FLD法的结果一致。     

催化动力学分析法测定超痕量钒的研究

在稀磷酸介质及活化剂抗坏血酸存在下,痕量钒（Ⅴ）强烈催化溴酸钾氧化碱性品红褪色,据此建立了一个新的测定超痕量钒的催化动力学光度法.方法测定钒（Ⅴ）的线性范围为:0.0～400.0 pg/mL,检出限为27 pg/mL.实验考察了影响催化反应速率的各种因素,确定了实验的最佳条件.测定了催化反应的动力学参数：表观活化能E0＇＝170.1 kJ/mol,表观速率常数 k＇＝2.8×10^-3s^-1,建立了动力学速率方程：－dC_MR/dt＝K＇·C     

ICP—MS法直接测定冰芯样品中的超痕量镉

采用ICP－MS法对冰芯样品中超痕量Cd的直接测定进行了研究。确定了直接测定浓度为pg/mL级的Cd的最佳参数、载气流速、进样速度等与灵敏度之间的关系以及浓度和扫描参数对分析精度的影响。本方法对浓度5－200pg/mL Cd的分析,RSD＜10％,回收率在88％－105％之间,检测限为0．15pg/mL。     

基于溴化银－银－碳纳米管复合物与核酸适配体的阴极光电化学传感器检测赭曲霉素A

该研究利用水热法制备了一种新的溴化银－银－碳纳米管（AgBr－Ag－CNTs）复合材料,并通过扫描电子显微镜、X-射线衍射和X-射线光电子能谱对其进行表征。以AgBr－Ag－CNTs作为光电阴极,相比于单一的AgBr和二元的AgBr－Ag复合材料,其具有更高的光电化学活性。采用K3［Fe（CN）6］作为光电子受体能进一步提高光电流信号。基于AgBr－Ag－CNTs为光电阴极传感基底,构建了一种灵敏检测赭曲霉素A （OTA）的核酸适配体传感器。对目标物的线性浓度范围为4.0 pg/mL ~ 2.5 ng/mL,相关系数（r2）为0.994,检出限为1.5 pg/mL。该传感器制备简单、成本低、灵敏度高、抗干扰强,对样品检测的回收率为92.0% ~ 108%,可用于实际样品中OTA的分析。     

表面活性剂存在下雌激素的直接电化学分析

雌二醇（E2）、雌三醇（E3）和雌酮（E1）是人体内3种重要的雌激素,它们在妇女的生殖生育方面发挥重要的作用。人体雌激素缺乏或过乘会导致诸多疾病。雌激素的检测方法已有不少报道,如气相色谱－质谱（GC－MS）、液相色谱（LC）以及化学发光免疫法等。E2,E1和E3的结构相似,且均具有疏水性及非电活性,用电化学直接测定十分困难,一般只能间接测定。本文报道了一种新的电化学分析方法。该方法对三种雌激素有十分灵敏的伏安响应,可用于微量测定。     

基于铂氧化铜负载多壁碳纳米管标记夹心型电化学免疫传感器

设计了一种夹心型电化学免疫传感器,以金负载二氧化锡石墨烯（GS－SnO2－Au）为检测平台,铂氧化铜负载多壁碳纳米管（Pt@CuO－MWCNTs）为标记物,用于乙肝表面抗原（HBs）的定量检测。GS－SnO2－Au具有较高比表面积,良好的导电性、分散性和生物相容性,有利于捕获大量抗体（Ab1）。Pt、CuO和多壁碳纳米管对H2O2分解均具有催化性,Pt@CuO－MWCNTs复合物能协同放大催化作用,实现多重放大信号的效果,有利于实现高灵敏检测。通过透射电镜表征GS－SnO2－Au和Pt@CuO－MWCNTs的形貌特征。结果表明,基底材料和标记物材料的性能良好。在最佳实验条件下：磷酸盐pH值7.4,GS－SnO2－Au的质量浓度为1 mg/mL,Pt@CuO－MWCNTs质量浓度为2 mg/mL,该免疫传感器对HBs的线性范围为0.001 ~ 100 ng/mL,检出限为0.33 pg/mL,对实际样品的加标回收率为99.8% ~ 100%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为1.1% ~ 1.5%。所设计的免疫传感器具有良好选择性、重现性和稳定性,在HBs的临床检测方面具有潜在应用价值。     

催化K2S2O8氧化靛红固体基质室温磷光法测定痕量Se(V)

基于痕量Se4+催化K₂S₂O₈氧化靛红（Isa）的灵敏反应而导致体系的磷光剧烈猝灭的学术思想,建立了一种高灵敏（检出限（LD）为0.015 pg/mL）催化固体基质室温磷光法(SS RTP)测定痕量Se（IV)的新方法。方法的线性范围为4.00×10–8~4.00×10–6 μg/mL。工作曲线的回归方程为△I_P=2.948+63.24C_Se(IV)(pg/mL),n = 7。相关系数( r )为 0.9997。方法已成功用于水样中痕量Se（IV）的测定,结果与紫外分光光度法相吻合,并探讨了测定痕量Se（IV）的反应机理。     

畜禽肉及饲料中氟苯尼考残留免疫分析方法研究

针对动物源性食品及饲料中氟苯尼考的残留问题,通过抗原制备、动物免疫和细胞融合筛选,成功得到可高特异性识别氟苯尼考的单克隆抗体,并建立了氟苯尼考的间接竞争酶联免疫分析（icELISA）方法。经单因素实验优化策略,确定最佳反应条件为：包被抗原质量浓度0.05 μg/mL,抗体质量浓度为0.1 μg/mL,最佳药物、抗体和二抗稀释液均为磷酸缓冲液（PBST）,抗体稀释液吐温－20含量0.05%,竞争反应时间30 min,二抗质量浓度为0.167 μg/mL,二抗反应时间30 min。在该条件下,建立了氟苯尼考的icELISA 检测方法,其IC50为9.48 ng/mL,线性检测范围为1.75 ~ 51.36 ng/mL,检出限（LOD）达0.64 ng/mL,且与氯霉素等结构及功能类似物均无明显交叉反应,特异性良好。实际样品的加标回收率为88.1% ~ 107%,相对标准偏差（RSD）< 15%。将所建立的方法用于畜禽肉及饲料样品的检测,结果与HPLC－MS/MS判定结果一致,说明该方法适用于畜禽产品及饲料中氟苯尼考的残留检测。     

基于二硫化钼负载双金属电化学免疫传感器同时检测2种心肌肌钙蛋白抗原

心肌肌钙蛋白I蛋白（cTnI）和心肌肌钙蛋白T蛋白（cTnT）是诊断急性心肌梗死的关键生物标志物。以电沉积金作为传感平台，用硫堇（Thi）和二茂铁（Fc）功能化二硫化钼负载双金属（MoS2-BMNPs）作为检测抗体标记物制备电化学免疫传感器，用于同时检测cTnI和cTnT。结果表明：MoS2-BMNPs具有良好的导电性和双金属协同效应，可放大检测信号，提高检测灵敏度。通过方波伏安法（SWV）检测到-0.3 V和0.3 V处出现2个尖锐信号峰，峰值位置和电流强度反映相应抗原的浓度。该免疫传感器可同时定量检测cTnI和cTnT，线性范围均为0.01～100 ng/mL，检出限分别为3.67 pg/mL和3.33 pg/mL。     

硒试剂光度法测定钢铁及加硒碘盐中的微量硒

以3,3'－二氨基联苯胺（硒试剂）作显色剂,加足量乙二胺四乙酸二钠（EDTA）掩蔽铁等金属离子,在pH为2－3的甲酸介质中显色,在pH为6－7时,用甲苯萃取硒（Ⅳ）－硒试剂络合物。当溶液中的硒（Ⅳ）含量大于20μg/10mL时,不用萃取硒（Ⅳ）-硒试剂络合物,直接测定。该方法用于钢铁及加硒碘盐中微理硒的测定,结果满意。     

雌二醇的水凝胶毛细管电泳免疫分析

雌二醇是雌性激素中最重要和作用最强的一种激素 .临床上 ,雌二醇的长期监测可用于研究与激素相关的致癌物作用机理、绝经期妇女的雌激素补充及不孕病人的跟踪治疗等方面 .研究发现 ,人体中雌二醇含量与某些肿瘤如乳腺癌、子宫癌和肝癌等密切相关 [1] .由于雌二醇在体液中含量很低 ,难于测定 .免疫分析法的出现给雌二醇的测定带来了变革 ,提高了测定的灵敏度和特异性 .目前测定雌二醇的免疫分析方法有放射免疫分析法 ( RIA) [2 ]、酶免疫分析法 ( EIA) [3～ 7]、荧光免疫分析法 ( FIA) [8]和化学发光与生物发光免疫分析法 [9,10 ] .但 R…     

Development and validation of a high-sensitivity liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method with chemical derivatization for the determination of ethinyl estradiol in human plasma

An ultra-sensitive liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method for the analysis of oral contraceptive ethinyl estradiol (EE) was developed and validated over the curve range of 2.5-500 pg/mL using 1 mL of human plasma sample. Ethinyl estradiol and the internal standard, ethinyl estradiol tetra-deuterated (EE-d4), were extracted from the plasma matrix with methyl t-butyl ether, derivatized with dansyl chloride and then back-extracted into hexane. The hexane phase was evaporated to dryness, reconstituted and injected onto the LC/MS/MS system. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a Luna C(18) column (50 x 2 mm, 5 micro m) with an isocratic mobile phase of 20:80 (v/v) water:acetonitrile with 1% formic acid. The offline derivatization procedure introduced the easily ionizable tertiary amine function group to EE. This greatly improved analyte sensitivity in electrospray ionization and enabled us to achieve the desired lower limit of quantitation at 2.5 pg/mL. This high sensitivity method can be used for therapeutic drug monitoring or supporting bio-equivalence and drug-drug interaction studies in human subjects.     

Different Biotinylation Strategies for Competitive Immunoassay of Estradiol

Study on biotinylation strategies for competitive immunoassay of estradiol (E2) was carried out. Two types of competitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) with Biotin-Avidin amplification system were established and optimized.The E2-Biotin conjugate was used as a tracer in one assay, and biotinylated antibody was used as a tracer in the other. In both of EIAs, horseradish peroxidase-labelled Avidin (Avidin-HRP) was used with a spectrometric determination of enzyme activity. The precision, sensitivity and specificity were measured and compared. The results showed that although both were satisfactory in specificity, the EIA with hapten-Biotin showed to be superior to the EIA with biotinylated antibody in sensitivity and precision. The limit of detection of serum E2 was 8 and 50 pg/mL with E2-Biotin and biotinylated antibody as tracer, respectively.     

心衰标志物可视化联合检测方法研究

基于夹心免疫原理和表面免疫吸附模型,采用Image Pro Plus软件对硅片表面磁颗粒分布图像进行定量化处理,建立了硅片表面心衰标志物可视化联合检测方法。研究表明,该方法从抗体包被到获得检测结果不超过1 ｈ,操作简单,在单张硅片上可实现心衰标志物NT-proBNP和cTnI的联合检测。NT-proBNP和cTnI的最低检出限分别为21.8 pg/mL和0.034 ng/mL,检测范围分别为21.8~40000 pg/mL和0.034~50 ng/mL。83例不同程度心血管疾病患者的血清样本的检测结果与商品化免疫分析仪检测结果一致,相关系数r>0.98。因此,该快速免疫检测方法可以满足临床检测心衰标志物的需要。     

A radioimmunoassay for serum estradiol

A radioimmunoassay procedure to measure estradiol levels in human serum was developed using¹²⁵I labeled estradiol and antiestradiol antibody raised in-house using the estradiol-6-CMO-BSA as the immunogen. Controlled process serum was used to maintain the serum matrix and sample-standard identity. The assay was validated by analysing several (n=40) samples and comparing with established commercial assays. The assay had a sensitivity of 35 pg/mL and a range of 50 pg/mL to 5 ng/mL. The interassay C.V. were between 2 to 10% while the intraassay C.V. were between 2 and 8%. This assay is sensitive enough for monitoring ovulation and hypersecretions in ovarian tumours and was primarily developed to be used as an in-house assay in the local hospitals.     

Development and validation of a NANOGold™ immunoassay for the detection of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human serum using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

This work aimed to develop and validate a NANOGold? based assay, quantified using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS), for the detection of human vascular endothelial growth factor (hVEGF) in serum. The initial assay range based on calibration standards was 62.5–2000 pg/mL with a detection limit of approximately 30 pg/mL. After validation using spiked validation controls, a quantification range between 175 and 1928 pg/mL was obtained. The inter‐assay precision was between 2.3 and 18.9% with accuracy between ?8.8 and ?3.1%. Additional performance parameters, including dilutional linearity, matrix specificity and time‐factored drift, were within ±20%, as defined by the validation acceptance criteria for the validation of macromolecule immunoassays used within our clinical environment. Serum samples from healthy donors were analysed to determine the endogenous levels of VEGF present; these ranged from 164 to 580 pg/mL with a mean of 273 pg/mL. The intra‐ and inter‐assay precision obtained from the healthy donor samples were 1.3–10.7% and 4.2–17.5%, respectively. This demonstration of a validated immunoassay opens further possibilities, utilising the simultaneous detection capabilities of ICP‐MS for the detection of multiple analytes in a single validated immunoassay, for routine use within a clinical environment. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Direct immunoassay of estrone by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection

An immunoassay for estrone (E(1)) in women's serum, based on the competitive reaction between fluorescein-labeled complete antigen and E(1) with limited amount of anti-estrone monoclonal antibody is described. A thermally reversible hydrogel, poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (pNIPA), was added to the buffer to improve the reproducibility. With a laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detector, the capillary electrophoretic immunoassay (CEIA) can be applied to determine E(1) at a concentration lower than 19.6 pg/mL. The E(1) levels in ten normal women's serum were measured at the range of 118.6-222.0 pg/mL.     

An ultrasensitive immunosensor array for determination of staphylococcal enterotoxin B

Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is a potent gastrointestinal toxin and is heat resistant. SEB is also a potential bioterrorism agent. The ability to measure accurately very low amounts of staphylococcal enterotoxin B in food and other samples is very important. A highly sensitive and stable sandwich fluorescence immunoassay based on a pair of monoclonal antibodies against SEB which were produced by us was developed. Classical sandwich immunoassay was adopted and the glass slides were used as the base of the immunologic reaction. The functionalized fluorescent core-shell silica nanoparticles were used as labels. The fluorescence issued from the labels was detected by a laser-induced fluorescence millimeter sensor array detection platform. The fluorescence intensity has a linear relationship with the amount of SEB in the range of 50 pg/mL-5 ng/mL, and the detection limit of SEB was 20 pg/mL (the absolute detection limit was 0.02 pg). The relative standard deviation (RSD) for 5 parallel measurements of SEB (1 ng/mL) was 9.2%.     

Application of capillary electrophoretic immunoassay to analysis of estradiol in women's serum

Summary A rapid and sensitive capillary electrophoretic immunoassay is described for determination of estradiol in women's serum. Addition of thermally reversible hydrogel in the buffer, serving as a replaceable packing material, improved the reproducibility of the method. Using a laser-induced fluorescence detector this method can be applied to the determination of estradiol at concentrations as low as 30.6 pg mL¹. Estradiol levels in 16 normal women's serum were measured at the range 115≈370 pg mL¹. The results of this method have been found to correlate well with those of chemiluminescent immunoassay.     

Carbon Nanomaterials‐based Electrochemical Immunoassay with β‐Galactosidase as Labels for Carcinoembryonic Antigen

In this study, a novel signal‐amplified strategy for sensitive electrochemical sandwiched immunoassay of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was constructed based on aminofunctionalized graphene oxide (GO‐NH₂) supported AgNPs used as catalytic labels of secondary anti‐CEA and β‐galactosidase (β‐Gal), Meanwhile, sulfhydrylation single‐wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs‐SH) as substrate materials embellished gold electrode through Au‐SH and connected with gold nanoparticles to form anti‐CEA/AuNPs/SWCNTs‐SH/Au sensing platform through layer‐by‐layer. In the presence of analyte CEA, a sandwich‐type immunoassay format was employed for determination of CEA by using the labeled β‐Gal toward the reduction of p‐aminophenyl galactopyranoside (PAPG) and the redox reaction of AgNPs. Under optimal conditions, the increase in the current was proportional to the concentration of CEA from 0.1 pg/mL to 200 ng/mL. The detection limit (LOD) was 0.036 pg/mL CEA at 3σ. The electrochemical immunoassay displayed an acceptable precision, selectivity, stability. Clinical serum specimens were assayed with the method, and the results were in acceptable agreement with those obtained from the referenced electrochemiluminescent method.