姜黄素抑制刺猬信号诱导小细胞肺癌细胞凋亡

目的：探讨姜黄素对小细胞肺癌NCI- H446细胞的作用及可能机制。方法不同浓度（5、10、15μmol/L）的姜黄素作用于小细胞肺癌NCI- H446细胞后,采用MTT法检测细胞增殖,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡,Western blot技术检测索尼克刺猬信号（Shh）、脑胶质瘤相关癌基因1（Gli1）的表达水平。结果不同浓度的姜黄素与小细胞肺癌NCI- H446细胞共培养后,浓度为15μmol/L的姜黄素能明显抑制NCI- H446细胞的增殖。与其余各组相比,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。小细胞肺癌NCI- H446细胞经姜黄素处理后,姜黄素15μmol/L与其余各组比较,细胞凋亡率的差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。经姜黄素（15μmol/L）处理的NCI- H446细胞,Shh和Gli1表达均明显降低,与对照组相比,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。结论姜黄素能通过抑制刺猬信号通路,抑制小细胞肺癌细胞的增殖,诱导其凋亡。     

藤黄酸诱导肺癌细胞H1975凋亡的机制研究

目的 研究藤黄酸（GA）诱导人肺癌细胞H1975凋亡的分子机制,探讨氧自由基（ROS）和JNK信号通路在GA杀伤 肺癌细胞中的作用。方法 以人肺癌细胞H1975为研究对象,MTT法测定GA抑制细胞增殖的作用,Annexin V/PI 双染法测定细胞凋亡率,DCFH-DA 法测定ROS 含量,JC-1探针染色分析线粒体膜电位（MMP）,Western blot检测JNK 信号通路的激活和线粒体凋亡途径相关蛋白表达的变化。结果 GA 呈剂量依赖性抑制H1975细胞的增殖,各实验组细胞存活率与空白对照组比较,均有统计学差异（P＜0.05 或0.01）。1、2.5 和5滋mol/L GA 作用24h 后,细胞凋亡率分别为25.2%、51.8%和75.1%,剪切型凋亡相关蛋白cleaved caspase-9、cleaved caspase-3 和cleaved PARP 的表达随GA 浓度增高而显著增加,与空白对照组比较,均有统计学差异（P＜0.05或0.01）。GA 作用2h 后H1975细胞ROS 含量显著升高,磷酸化JNK（p-JNK）表达上调（P＜0.05或0.01）。GA 作用16h后各实验组细胞MMP 均明显降低（均P＜0.05）。GA 作用24h后实验组细胞线粒体凋亡途径相关蛋白Bax、Bak、Bik表达增加,而抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2表达与空白对照组相比明显下降（P＜0.05 或0.01）。结论 GA 具有诱导H1975 细胞凋亡的作用,其可能机制是上调细胞内ROS含量,激活JNK 信号通路,进而引起MMP 降低和线粒体凋亡途径激活。     

miR-99a对乳腺癌细胞侵袭和迁移的负向调控机制研究

目的探讨miR-99a对乳腺癌细胞侵袭及迁移的影响,并初步分析其影响乳腺癌细胞侵袭及迁移的可能分子机制。方法利用荧光实时定量PCR检测乳腺癌细胞系MDA-MB-231和MCF-7中miR-99a的表达。运用脂质体介导的转染方法分别将miR-99a模拟物（miR-99amimics）、miR-99a抑制物（miR-99ainhibitors）以及相应对照miRNA转染MDA-MB-231和MCF-7细胞,通过Transwell侵袭实验检测细胞的侵袭力;采用Transwell迁移实验及划痕实验检测细胞的迁移能力;利用生物信息学方法预测miR-99a的靶基因,并对靶基因进行验证。结果（1）高转移潜能的MDA-MB-231细胞中miR-99a表达明显低于低转移潜能的MCF-7细胞,划痕实验中转染miR-99amimics的与转染controlmimics的MDA-MB-231细胞比较迁移能力显著减弱（P＜0.05）,而MCF-7细胞转染miR-99ainhibitors后迁移能力明显增强（P＜0.01）。（2）Transwell的侵袭及迁移实验显示,转染miR-99amimics后MDA-MB-231细胞的侵袭和迁移能力明显减弱（P＜0.01）;MCF-7细胞转染miR-99ainhibitors后迁移能力增强（P＜0.01）,而侵袭能力基本不变（P＞0.05）。（3）生物信息学方法预测微管相关蛋白（MTMR3）是miR-99a的靶点,实时定量PCR和3′UTR荧光素酶报告基因实验验证了该靶点。（4）干扰了MTMR3后MDA-MB-231细胞的迁移和侵袭能力明显减弱。结论（1）miR-99a对乳腺癌细胞的侵袭及迁移发挥负向调控作用。（2）miR-99a可能通过靶向于MTMR3发挥其对乳腺癌细胞迁移和侵袭的调控作用。     

硒对肾间质纤维化大鼠肾组织结缔组织生长因子表达及肾小管上皮细胞表型转化的影响

目的探讨硒对肾间质纤维化大鼠肾组织结缔组织生长因子（CTGF）表达及肾小管上皮细胞表型转化的影响。方法以单侧输尿管结扎致肾间质纤维化大鼠模型。将54只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组（A组）、单侧输尿管梗阻（UUO）组（B组）、U-UO+硒组（C组）,每组18只。C组给予亚硒酸钠0.2mg/（kg·d）灌胃。A、B组给予同等剂量0.9%氯化钠溶液灌胃。术后第7、14、21天各组随机处死6只大鼠,肾组织行HE、Masson染色评定肾间质纤维化程度,免疫组织化学半定量法检测CTGF和α-平滑肌肌动蛋白（α- SMA）的表达。Western印迹法检测肾组织CTGF蛋白表达。化学比色法检测肾组织氧化指标谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH- Px）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）的表达水平。结果术后各时点C组肾间质纤维化程度较B组明显减轻（P＜0.05）,肾组织CTGF和α- SMA的表达强度明显低于B组（P＜0.05或0.01）、GSH- Px和SOD水平明显高于B组（P＜0.05）,MDA含量明显低于B组（P＜0.05）。B组肾组织中CTGF、a- SMA表达量之间呈正相关（P＜0.05）,CTGF和a- SMA表达量与肾间质纤维化病变程度呈正相关（P＜0.05）。结论硒可以减轻UUO模型大鼠肾间质纤维化程度,其机制可能与硒的抗氧化作用、下调肾组织CTGF的表达、抑制肾小管上皮细胞－肌成纤维细胞转分化有关。     

丹红注射液对肝缺血- 再灌注损伤大鼠ICAM-1表达的影响

目的 研究丹红注射液对大鼠肝缺血- 再灌注损伤（HIRI）和细胞间黏附分子1（ICAM-1）表达的影响,并探讨其作用机制。方法 24 只SD 大鼠随机分为假手术组（Sham 组）、缺血- 再灌注组（I-R 组）和缺血- 再灌注丹红注射液预处理组（DH组）。阻断I-R、DH 组大鼠的门静脉、肝动脉和胆总管20min 后恢复血供,建立肝HIRI 模型。12h 后采血检测各组血清ALT 和AST的含量,显微镜下观察肝组织病理学改变,免疫组织化学法检测肝组织ICAM-1的表达。结果 I-R 组血清ALT、AST 水平较Sham组明显上升（P＜0.01）,肝组织病理学损害严重,ICAM-1 表达上调（P＜0.01）;DH 组ICAM-1表达则较I-R 组明显下调（P＜0.01）,ALT、AST 水平均下降（均P＜0.01）,肝组织病理学损害亦明显减轻。结论 丹红注射液能在一定程度上保护HIRI 后的肝组织,该作用可能与下调ICAM-1 的表达,减轻炎症反应有关。     

MicroRNA-143对人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞侵袭和迁移的影响

目的探讨microRNA-143（miR-143）对人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞侵袭、迁移和增殖的影响。方法在脂质体介导下将miR-143抑制剂（miR-143 inhibitors）转染入MCF-7细胞，以inhibitor negative control（inhibitor NC）作为阴性对照。通过MTS试剂盒检测细胞增殖能力，以Transwel 侵袭实验和迁移实验分别检测细胞侵袭能力和迁移能力。结果（1）miR-143 inhibitors组与inhibitor NC组间细胞增殖活性无明显差异（P＞0.05）；（2）Transwel 侵袭及迁移实验显示转染miR-143 inhibitors后，MCF-7细胞的侵袭及迁移能力均明显增强（P＜0.05）。结论 miR-143对人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞的侵袭及迁移能力存在负性调控作用，可能成为乳腺癌治疗的潜在靶点。     

雷帕霉素对基质细胞衍生因子-1α诱导的内皮生长晕细胞增殖及黏附能力的影响

目的探讨雷帕霉素对基质细胞衍生因子-1α（SDF-1α）诱导的内皮生长晕细胞（EOCs）增殖及黏附能力的影响。方法使用密度梯度离心法分离脐血单个核细胞,培养并扩增EOCs,然后用免疫组化法、荧光染色法鉴定其内皮细胞特性。分为空白对照组、10ng/ml SDF-1α处理组、10ng/ml SDF-1α及10ng/ml雷帕霉素共同干预组、10ng/ml雷帕霉素处理组,各处理组与EOCs作用24h,CCK8检测细胞增殖能力,并在倒置显微镜下检测细胞的黏附能力。结果采用贴壁法培养的EOCs具有多种内皮细胞特性。10ng/ml的SDF-1α能显著提高EOCs的增殖及黏附能力（P＜0.05）,而10 ng/ml的雷帕霉素能阻断SDF-1α对EOCs增殖、黏附能力的促进作用（P＜0.05）。结论雷帕霉素可抑制SDF-1α诱导的EOCs增殖及黏附。     

HBsAg 对脂多糖诱导树突状细胞分泌IL-6和IL-12的影响

目的 研究HBsAg 对脂多糖诱导树突状细胞（DCs）分泌IL-6 和IL-12 的影响。方法 采用重组人粒- 单核 集落刺激因子（rhGM-CSF）联合重组人白细胞介素4（rhIL-4）诱导单个核细胞得到未成熟树突状细胞（iDCs）,分别加入HBsAg1、2、5μg/ml,并设对照组,各组再加入脂多糖诱导为成熟DCs。采用流式细胞术鉴定各组iDCs 的表型（CD11c、HLA-DR）,ELISA 法检测脂多糖诱导后培养上清液中IL-6 和IL-12 的水平。结果 iDCs 的CD11c/ HLA-DR 双阳性率为（83.62±6.89）%,显著高于单纯培养组（20.57±11.19）%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。HBsAg 1、2、5μg/ml 组培养上清液中IL-6 分别为（609.36±127.06）、（566.01±173.46）、（295.03±76.08）pg/ml,低于对照组（1356.97±181.78）pg/ml（均P＜0.05）;HBsAg2、5滋g/ml 组IL-12 分别为（854.49±67.92）、（472.09±55.70）pg/ml,低于对照组（1248.78±112.09）pg/ml（均P＜0.05）;1滋g/ml 组IL-12（1103.53±134.15）pg/ml,与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 低浓度HBsAg 可下调脂多糖诱导的DCs 细胞因子分泌。     

系统性红斑狼疮患者树突状细胞对Th1/Th2细胞分化的影响

目的探讨系统性红斑狼狼疮（SLE）患者树突状细胞对Th1/Th2细胞亚群分化的影响。方法淋巴细胞分离液分离获得SLE患者外周血单个核细胞,免疫磁珠阳性分选CD14细胞,联合应用rhGM- CSF、rhIL-4和rhTNF-α诱导分化树突状细胞成熟。在培养的第9天,流式细胞术检测表型,细胞增殖/毒性剂盒分析树突状细胞刺激同种异体淋巴细胞增殖的能力。ELISA法检测培养上清液中IL-12和IL-10的表达。诱导的成熟树突状细胞与健康对照组淋巴细胞共培养5d后,佛波酯+离子霉素+莫能霉素刺激培养4h,进行T淋巴细胞表面抗原及胞质内细胞因子染色,流式细胞仪检测Th1、Th2的比例。结果 SLE患者诱导培养的树突状细胞其CD1a的表达降低（P＜0.05）,HLA- DR、CD80、CD86的表达均明显升高（P＜0.05）。活动组与非活动组的树突状细胞HLA- DR、CD80、CD86的表达有统计学差异（P＜0.05）。SLE患者诱导培养的树突状细胞刺激同种异体淋巴细胞增殖能力增强（P＜0.05）。活动组与非活动组的树突状细胞刺激同种异体淋巴细胞也有所差异（P＜0.05）。SLE患者诱导培养的树突状细胞分泌IL-12的水平均明显降低（P＜0.05）;分泌IL-10的水平明显升高（P＜0.01）,活动组与非活动组的树突状细胞分泌IL-12和IL-10的水平差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。活动组的树突状细胞与对照组淋巴细胞共培养后Th1的比例明显降低（P＜0.01）,Th2的比例差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 SLE患者诱导的树突状细胞表型增加,刺激同种异体淋巴细胞增殖的能力增强,分泌IL-12降低,IL-10升高。SLE患者树突状细胞功能的异常可能导致了Th1细胞分化不足,在SLE发生、发展过程中起重要作用。     

高糖对小鼠足细胞向间充质细胞 转分化的影响

目的 通过观察高糖环境下小鼠足细胞表达NEPH1、desmin、TGF-β1 和Smad7 的变化,探讨高糖损伤足细胞 的机制。方法 将培养成熟的小鼠足细胞用RandA 1.0 软件完全随机分为高糖1、2、3 组（葡萄糖浓度分别为15、25 和30mmol/L）和对照组（葡萄糖浓度5mmol/L）,倒置显微镜下观察高糖干预前后足细胞的形态变化,采用RT-PCR 和Western blot技术分别检测足细胞NEPH1、desmin、TGF-β1 和Smad7 的mRNA 和蛋白表达变化。结果 与对照组相比,高糖环境下培养48h 后,足细胞形态发生不同程度变化。NEPH1 和Smad7 的mRNA 表达较对照组显著减少（P＜0.05 或0.01）,desmin 和TGF-β1的mRNA 表达较对照组增加（P＜0.05 或0.01）。其中高糖2 组的NEPH1 和Smad7 的蛋白表达较对照组显著减少（均P＜0.01）,而desmin 和TGF-β1的蛋白表达较对照组显著增加（P＜0.01）。小鼠足细胞在高糖培养下NEPH1 mRNA 和desmin mRNA 的表达呈显著负相关（r=-0.993,P＜0.01）;NEPH1 mRNA 和TGF-β1 mRNA 的表达呈显著负相关（r=-0.989,P＜0.01）;TGF-β1 mRNA 的表达和Smad7 mRNA 的表达呈显著负相关（r=-0.996,P＜0.01）。结论 高糖可能通过激活TGF-β/Smad信号通路诱导小鼠足细胞发生表型转化。     

Efficiency of purchasing and selling agents in markets with quality uncertainty: The case of illicit drug transactions

Since Akerlof’s theory of lemons, economists have viewed quality uncertainty as an informational advantage for sellers. Drawing on frontier techniques, we propose in this paper a simple method for measuring inefficiency of both sellers and buyers in markets for goods with different levels of quality. We apply a non-parametric robust double-frontier framework to the case of illicit substance markets, which suffer from imperfect information about drug quality for purchasers and to a lesser extent for sellers. We use unique data on cannabis and cocaine transactions collected in France that include information about price, quantity exchanged and purity. We find that transactional inefficiency does not really benefit either dealers or purchasers. Furthermore, information influences the performance of agents during market transactions.     

A stochastic multiscale model for electricity generation capacity expansion

Long-term planning for electric power systems, or capacity expansion, has traditionally been modeled using simplified models or heuristics to approximate the short-term dynamics. However, current trends such as increasing penetration of intermittent renewable generation and increased demand response requires a coupling of both the long and short term dynamics. We present an efficient method for coupling multiple temporal scales using the framework of singular perturbation theory for the control of Markov processes in continuous time. We show that the uncertainties that exist in many energy planning problems, in particular load demand uncertainty and uncertainties in generation availability, can be captured with a multiscale model. We then use a dimensionality reduction technique, which is valid if the scale separation present in the model is large enough, to derive a computationally tractable model. We show that both wind data and electricity demand data do exhibit sufficient scale separation. A numerical example using real data and a finite difference approximation of the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation is used to illustrate the proposed method. We compare the results of our approximate model with those of the exact model. We also show that the proposed approximation outperforms a commonly used heuristic used in capacity expansion models.     

A RIEMANN-TYPE DEFINITION OF N-TH CESARO-PERRON INTEGRALS

In this paper, We give a varlational-type definition of (CnP) integrals. It is equivalent to the original definition of Perron-type and to the definition of Riemann-type, in this way the problem on definition of(CnP)′s Riemann-type has been solved completely.     

对于双波理论及其在原子辐射上的应用的讨论

双波理论又被其创立者称为“非统计量子力学” ,它用含有隐参数的两个波函数来描述系综中各单个粒子的形态 .然而 ,从双波理论的基本假设可以看出 ,这个理论基本上不能反映微观世界的量子规律 ,在该理论描述下微观粒子运动的波动性特征和能量量子性特征几乎都不存在了 ;这个理论的创立者应用它对原子辐射诸问题所作的讨论 ,不是在数学计算上不正确 ,就是与实验、与通常理论不一致     

A mathematical programming-based scheduling framework for multitasking environments

A new paradigm along with a mixed (binary) integer-linear programming model is developed for scheduling tasks in multitasking environments, for which the number of completed tasks is not a good measure. One special case falls into the realm of deteriorating jobs. Polynomial time optimal solution algorithms are presented for this and one other special case. As the complexity of the original problem is believed to be strongly NP-hard, an efficient solution algorithm, based on tabu search, is developed to solve the problem. Small, medium, and large size problems are solved, and the solution obtained from the algorithm is compared with that of the optimal solution or the upper bound found from using the Lagrangian relaxation. Where it was measurable, the search algorithm gave quantifiably good quality solutions, and in all cases it had a much better time efficiency than the branch-and-bound enumeration method. A detailed statistical experiment, based on the split-plot design, is developed to identify the characteristics of the tabu search algorithm, thus guaranteeing a solution that is significantly better in quality. A conjecturing technique is introduced for problems with very large planning horizons. This technique had remarkable time efficiency with no apparent loss of quality.     

广义Calderón-Zygmund算子交换子的有界性

讨论了广义Calderón-Zyginund算子与Lipschitz函数生成的交换子在Lebe-sgue空间及Hardy空间上的有界性,同时得到了其端点估计.     

A fractional version of the peano-sard theorem

Sard's classical generalization of the Peano kernel theorem provides an extremely useful method for expressing and calculating sharp bounds for approximation errors. The error is expressed in terms of a derivative of the underlying function. However, we can apply the theorem only if the approximation is exact on a certain set of polynomials.

In this paper, we extend the Peano-Sard theorem to the case that the approximation is exact for a class of generalized polynomials (with non-integer exponents). As a result, we obtain an expression for the remainder in terms of a fractional derivative of the function under consideration. This expression permits us to give sharp error bounds as in the classical situation. An application of our results to the classical functional (vanishing on polynomials) gives error bounds of a new type involving weighted Sobolev-type spaces. In this way, we may state estimates for functions with weaker smoothness properties than usual.

The standard version of the Peano-Sard theory is contained in our results as a special case.     

Criterions for detecting the existence of the exponential dichotomies in the asymptotic behavior of the solutions of variational equations

We prove that the admissibility of any pair of vector-valued Schäffer function spaces (satisfying a very general technical condition) implies the existence of a “no past” exponential dichotomy for an exponentially bounded, strongly continuous cocycle (over a semiflow). Roughly speaking the class of Schäffer function spaces consists in all function spaces which are invariant under the right-shift and therefore our approach addresses most of the possible pairs of admissible spaces. Complete characterizations for the exponential dichotomy of cocycles are also obtained. Moreover, we involve a concept of a “no past” exponential dichotomy for cocycles weaker than the classical concept defined by Sacker and Sell (1994) in [23]. Our definition of exponential dichotomy follows partially the definition given by Chow and Leiva (1996) in [4] in the sense that we allow the unstable subspace to have infinite dimension. The main difference is that we do not assume a priori that the cocycle is invertible on the unstable space (actually we do not even assume that the unstable space is invariant under the cocycle). Thus we generalize some known results due to O. Perron (1930) [14], J. Daleckij and M. Krein (1974) [7], J.L. Massera and J.J. Schäffer (1966) [11], N. van Minh, F. Räbiger and R. Schnaubelt (1998) [26].     

基于鞅空间M(ln~+M)~p,L(ln~+L)~p与K(ln~+K)~p的关系研究

旨在利用概率方法探讨鞅空间K2与M1之间的鞅空间包含变化关系.首先提出了新的鞅空间M(ln+M)p,L(ln+L)p以及K(ln+K)p(其中p 1)的定义,并证明了其空间包含关系.