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1.
The six‐step synthesis of the new podand‐type ligand 6,6′,6″‐[methylidenetri(1H‐pyrazole‐1,3‐diyl)]tris[pyridine‐2‐carboxylic acid] (LH3) is described. Reaction of LH3 with LnCl3 ?6 H2O (Ln=Eu, Gd, Tb) in MeOH resulted in the isolation of [LnL]?HCl complexes characterized by elemental analysis, mass and IR spectroscopy. Photophysical studies of the Eu and Tb complexes in aqueous solutions revealed the characteristic luminescence features of the metal atoms, indicative of an efficient ligand‐to‐metal energy‐transfer process. Determination of the luminescence quantum yields in H2O showed the Tb complex to be highly luminescent (?=15%), while, for the Eu complex, the quantum efficiency was only 2%. Excited‐state‐lifetime measurements in H2O and D2O evidenced the presence of ca. three H2O molecules in the first coordination sphere of the complexes. Investigation of the Gd complex allowed the determination of the ligand‐centered triplet state and showed the ligand to be well suited for energy transfer to the metal. The luminescence properties of the complexes are described, and the properties of the ligand as a suitable complexation pocket is questioned.  相似文献   

2.
The europium complex [EuCl2(bpy)2(H2O)2]Cl?1.25 C2H6O?0.37 H2O, where bpy is 2,2′‐bipyridine, was synthesized and investigated with the aim to relate its molecular geometry and crystal packing to the efficiency of energy‐transfer processes. The presence of H‐bonds between noncoordinated Cl? ions and coordinated H2O molecules leads to the formation of discrete trimers assembled by a number of C? H???Cl and stacking interactions into ‘supramolecular balls’ which contain Cl? ions and solvate molecules (H2O and EtOH). The additional stabilization of the complex is due to intramolecular N???C interactions between two bpy ligands that causes some shortening of the Eu? N bonds. Deciphering the luminescence properties of the Eu complex was performed under consideration of both the composition of the inner coordination sphere and the peculiarities of the crystal packing. The influence of the latter and the bpy orientation on the energy of the ligand→Eu charge‐transfer state (LMCT) was established, and an additional excited state induced by the π‐stacking interaction (SICT) was identified.  相似文献   

3.
Two novel, stable PdII complexes, compounds 3 and 4 , of two 3‐hydroxypyridine‐2‐carbaldehyde thiosemicarbazones, 1 and 2 , resp., were prepared from Li2PdCl4. The single‐crystal X‐ray structure of complex 3 (= [Pd( 2 )Cl]) shows that the ligand monoanion coordinates in a planar conformation to the metal via the pyridyl N‐, the imine N‐, and the thiolato S‐atoms. Intermolecular H‐bonds, π–π, and CH ? ? ? π interactions lead to a two‐dimensional supramolecular assembly. The electronic, IR, UV/VIS, and NMR spectroscopic data of the two complexes are reported, together with their electrochemical properties. A sophisticated experimental procedure was used to determine the multiple dissociation constants of the ligands 1 and 2 by UV/VIS titration.  相似文献   

4.
The UV, excitation, and luminescence spectra of tris(pivaloyltrifluoroacetonato)europium(III) ([Eu(pta)3]; Hpta=1,1,1‐trifluoro‐5,5‐dimethylhexane‐2,4‐dione=HA) were measured in the presence of bis(salicylidene)trimethylenediamine (H2saltn), bis[5‐(tert‐butyl)salicylidene]trimethylenediamine (H2(tBu)saltn), or bis(salicylidene)cyclohexane‐1,2‐diyldiamine (H2salchn), and the corresponding ZnII complexes [ZnB] (B=Schiff base). The excitation and luminescence spectra of the solution containing [Eu(pta)3] and [Zn(salchn)] exhibited much stronger intensities than those of solutions containing the other [ZnB] complexes. The introduction of a tBu group into the Schiff base was not effective in sensitizing the luminescence of [Eu(pta)3]. The luminescence spectrum of [ZnB] showed a band around 450 nm. The intensity decreased in the presence of [Eu(pta)3], reflecting complexation between [Eu(pta)3] and [ZnB]. On the basis of the change in intensity against the concentration of [ZnB], stability constants were determined for [Eu(pta)3Zn(saltn)], [Eu(pta)3Zn{(tBu)saltn}], and [Eu(pta)3Zn(salchn)] as 4.13, 4.9 and 5.56, respectively (log , where =[[Eu(pta)3ZnB]]([[Eu(pta)3]][[ZnB]])?1). The quantum yields of these binuclear complexes were determined as 0.15, 0.11, and 0.035, although [Eu(pta)3Zn(salchn)] revealed the strongest luminescence at 613 nm. The results of X‐ray diffraction analysis for [Eu(pta)3Zn(saltn)] showed that ZnII had a coordination number of five and was bridged with EuIII by three donor O‐atoms, i.e., two from the salicylidene moieties and one from the ketonato group pta.  相似文献   

5.
Achieving a large dissymmetry factor (glum) is a challenge in the field of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). A chiral charge‐transfer (CT) system consisting of chiral electron donor and achiral electron acceptor shows bright circularly polarized emission with large glum value. The chiral emissive CT complexes could be fabricated through various approaches, such as grinding, crystallization, spin coating, and gelatinization, by simply blending chiral donor and achiral acceptor. The structural synergy originating from π–π stacking and strong CT interactions resulted in the long‐range ordered self‐assembly, enabling the formation of supramolecular gels. Benefiting from the large magnetic dipole transition moment in the CT state, the CPL activity of CT complexes exhibited large circular polarization. Our design strategy of the chiral emissive CT complexes is expected to help the development of new molecular engineering strategies for designing highly efficient CPL‐active materials.  相似文献   

6.
Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) was observed from [Eu(dppda)2]? (dppda=4,7‐diphenyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline‐2,9‐dicarboxylic acid) and [Eu(pzpda)2]? (pzpda=pyrazino[2,3‐f][1,10]phenanthroline‐7,10‐dicarboxylic acid) in aqueous solutions containing various amino acids. The selectivity of these complexes towards amino acids enabled them to be used as chiral sensors and their behavior was compared with that of [Eu(pda)2]? (pda=1,10‐phenanthroline‐2,9‐dicarboxylic acid). As these EuIII complexes have achiral D2d structures under ordinary conditions, there were no CPL signals in the emission assigned to f–f transitions. However, when the solutions contained particular amino acids they exhibited detectable CPL signals with glum values of about 0.1 (glum=CPL/2 TL; TL=total luminescence). On examining 13 amino acids with these three EuIII complexes, it was found that whether an amino acid induced a detectable CPL depended on the EuIII complex ligands. For example, when ornithine was used as a chiral agent, only [Eu(dppda)2]? exhibited intense CPL in aqueous solutions of 10?2 mol dm?3. Steep amino acid concentration dependence suggested that CPL in [Eu(dppda)2]? and [Eu(pzpda)2]? was induced by the association of four or more amino acid molecules, whereas CPL in [Eu(pda)2]? was induced by association of two arginine molecules.  相似文献   

7.
The reaction of lanthanide(III) nitrates with 4‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)methyleneamino‐1,2,4‐triazole (L) was studied. The compounds [Ln(NO3)3(H2O)3] ? 2 L, in which Ln=Eu ( 1 ), Gd ( 2 ), Tb ( 3 ), or Dy ( 4 ), obtained in a mixture of MeCN/EtOH have the same structure, as shown by XRD. In the crystals of these compounds, the mononuclear complex units [Ln(NO3)3(H2O)3] are linked to L molecules through intermolecular hydrogen‐bonding interactions to form a 2D polymeric supramolecular architecture. An investigation into the optical characteristics of the Eu3+‐, Tb3+‐, and Dy3+‐containing compounds ( 1 , 3 , and 4 ) showed that these complexes displayed metal‐centered luminescence. According to magnetic measurements, compound 4 exhibits single‐ion magnet behavior, with ΔEeff/kB=86 K in a field of 1500 Oe.  相似文献   

8.
A rational approach to the synthesis of heterobi‐ or ‐trimetallic complexes based upon self‐assembly of a flexible ditopic catechol‐phosphine ligand with [(cod)PdCl2] and simple metal halides such as GaCl3, BiCl3, SnCl4, or ZrCl4 is described. All products were characterized by spectroscopic and analytical data and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. The molecular structures can be described in terms of cis‐configured palladium complexes with supramolecular bisphosphine ligands that are formed by the assembly of two phosphine catecholate fragments on a main group/transition metal template. Of particular interest are the distinct decreases in P‐Pd‐P bite angles and P???P distances between the ligating atoms with increasing covalent radii of the templates. The range of these variations is of a magnitude similar to that of the geometrical changes in known families of complexes containing molecular bidentate ligands. Solution NMR studies give further evidence that in several cases the μ2‐bridging coordination of two of the catechol oxygen atoms in the template complexes is broken under the influence of donor solvents, thus allowing the supramolecular ligand to be switched between tetradentate ‐O2P2 and bidentate ‐P2 coordination modes.  相似文献   

9.
Two new complexes {[Eu(2, 4-DFBA)3 · (H2O)2] · H2O} n (1) and [Eu(2-BrBA)3 · H2O] n (2) (2, 4-DFBA = 2, 4-difluorobenzoate, 2-BrBA = 2-bromobenzoate) have been synthesized and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. 1 has a 1-D chain structure, in which Eu(III) ions are bridged by single COO? groups and a 2-D supramolecular network is formed by hydrogen bond interactions. In 1, each Eu(III) is eight-coordinate with six oxygens from four 2,4-DFBA ligands and two waters. 2 has a 1-D chain structure, in which Eu(III) ions are bridged by bridging-chelating-bridging COO? groups. In 2, each Eu(III) ion is nine-coordinate with eight oxygens from five 2-BrBA ligands and one water. The two complexes exhibit intense luminescence at room temperature. The 5D07F j (j = 0–4) transition emissions of Eu(III) have been observed.  相似文献   

10.
Eu(thenoyltrifluoroacetonate)3(Eu(TTA)3), an ideal model lanthanide complex which harvests ultraviolet light in high yield and emits visible light efficiently, was coordinated with a chlorophyll derivative, methyl pyropheophorbide-a (MPA). A distinct color change, from blue to deep green, in solution gives evidence for a supramolecular interaction within the binary system. Ultraviolet-visible absorption and luminescence excitation/emission spectra, as well as luminescence lifetimes and quantum yield measurements, further show that molecular interactions occur between the two components.  相似文献   

11.
Luminescent ?uorinated chiral liquid crystalline oligomers containing Eu(III) complexes (Eu-LCOs) with good liquid crystalline properties and obvious luminescence properties were prepared using Poly(methylhydrogeno)siloxane (PMHS), chiral liquid crystalline monomer (M1), ?uorinated liquid crystalline monomer (M2), ?uorinated Eu(III) complex (M3). The chemical structures, liquid crystalline behaviours of Eu-LCOs were characterised by various experimental techniques. The introduction of small quantity of ?uorinated Eu(III) complexes endowed the oligomers with excellent luminescence properties. The Eu(III) complexes did not change the liquid crystalline textures of the oligomers. Fourier transform infrared imaging showed that Eu(III) complexes were evenly distributed in oligomers. In order to express the mutual effect and distribution of the components, a structural representation of Eu-LCOs was established. The Eu-LCOs displayed wide mesophase temperature ranges and reversible mesomorphic phase transitions. The Eu-LCOs can emit soft red light when being excited. Luminescence intensities of Eu-LCOs gradually increased with an increase of Eu(III) complexes from 0 to 1.0 mol%. However, the luminescence intensities of Eu-LCOs decreased monotonically with the increase of temperature in liquid crystalline phase.  相似文献   

12.
Two zwitterionic‐type ligands featuring π–π* and intraligand charge‐transfer (ILCT) excited states, namely 1,1′‐(2,3,5,6‐tetramethyl‐1,4‐phenylene)bis(methylene)dipyridinium‐4‐olate (TMPBPO) and 1‐dodecylpyridin‐4(1 H)‐one (DOPO), have been prepared and applied to the assembly of lanthanide coordination complexes in an effort to understand the ligand‐direction effect on the structure of the Ln complexes and the ligand sensitization effect on the luminescence of the Ln complexes. Due to the wide‐band triplet states plus additional ILCT excitation states extending into lower energy levels, broadly and strongly sensitized photoluminescence of f→f transitions from various Ln3+ ions were observed to cover the visible to near‐infrared (NIR) regions. Among which, the Pr, Sm, Dy, and Tm complexes simultaneously display both strong visible and NIR emissions. Based on the isostructural feature of the Ln complexes, color tuning and single‐component white light was achieved by preparation of solid solutions of the ternary systems Gd‐Eu‐Tb (for TMPBPO) and La‐Eu‐Tb and La‐Dy‐Sm (for DOPO). Moreover, the visible and NIR luminescence lifetimes of the Ln complexes with the TMPBPO ligand were investigated from 77 to 298 K, revealing a strong temperature dependence of the Tm3+ (3H4) and Yb3+ (2F5/2) decay dynamics, which has not been explored before for their coordination complexes.  相似文献   

13.
A new family of heterometal–organic frameworks has been prepared by two synthesis strategies, in which IFMC‐26 and IFMC‐27 are constructed by self‐assembly and IFMC‐28 is obtained by stepwise synthesis based on the metalloligand (IFMC=Institute of Functional Material Chemistry). IFMC‐26 is a (3,6)‐connected net and IFMC‐27 is a (4,8)‐connected 3D framework. The metalloligands {Ni(H4L)}(NO3)2 are connected by binuclear lanthanide clusters giving rise to a 2D sheet structure in IFMC‐28 . Notably, IFMC‐26‐Eu x Tb y and IFMC‐28‐Eu x Tb y have been obtained by changing the molar ratios of raw materials. Owing to the porosity of IFMC‐26 , Tb3+@IFMC‐26‐Eu and Eu3+@IFMC‐26‐Tb are obtained by postencapsulating TbIII and EuIII ions into the pores, respectively. Tunable luminescence in metal–organic frameworks is achieved by the two kinds of doping methods. In particular, the quantum yields of heterometal–organic frameworks are apparently enhanced by postencapsulation of LnIII ions.  相似文献   

14.
The water‐stable 3D lanthanide‐organic framework (Ln‐MOF) {[Eu(bci)(H2O)] · 2H2O}n ( 1 ) [H2bci = bis(2‐carboxyethyl)isocyanurate] was synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Compound 1 ‐ Eu exhibits a 3D open‐framework connected by Eu–(μ‐O)2–Eu chains and bci ligands. Meanwhile, 1 ‐ Eu exhibits highly efficient luminescent sensing for environmentally relevant Fe3+ and SCN ions through luminescence quenching. These results indicated that it could be utilized as a multi‐responsive luminescence sensor.  相似文献   

15.
Two isostructural lanthanide metal‐organic frameworks [Ln‐MOFs, Ln = Tb ( 1 ), Eu ( 8 )] containing oxalic acid ligand with green, red luminescence were solvothermally synthesized. A series of Eu/Tb mixed MOFs ( 2 – 7 ), (C5H6N)2[EuxTb2–x(H2O)2(C2O4)4] · 2H2O, were designed and obtained, which displayed highly tunable luminescence color by adjusting the excitation wavelength. Complexes 1 – 8 were characterized by IR, elemental analysis, ICP, powder XRD, and TG measurements. The quantum yields of the complexes 1 – 8 range from 6.89 to 4.15 %, whereas the fluorescence lifetime of 1 – 8 varies between 1.12 and 0.87 ms. Therefore, with the increase of the molar ratio of Eu, the quantum yields and fluorescence lifetime of the complexes 1 – 8 gradually decrease.  相似文献   

16.
We report the preparation and characterization of dinuclear Pt–Ln complexes constructed from a square‐planar PtII core bearing an ethynyl–terpyridine residue connected to platinum by the ethynyl bond. Complexation of the neutral Eu(hfac)3 (hfac=hexafluoroacetylacetonate) fragment to free terpyridine (terpy) gives a stable bimetallic complex (log β=6.7). In the crystal structure, the flat Pt?terpy core coordinates to EuIII, which is nonacoordinated with the three nitrogen atoms of the terpy subunit and six oxygen atoms of the three hfac ligands. These atoms form a distorted monocapped square antiprism with a pseudo‐C2 symmetry axis passing through the nitrogen atom of the central pyridine ring and the Eu atom. Spectroscopic measurements showed that irradiation with visible light of wavelength up to 460 nm in the 1MLCT state of the Pt subunit resulted in a quantitative energy transfer to the Eu center, which strongly luminesces in the red with an overall luminescence quantum yield of 38 %. The energy‐transfer process is quantitative and not sensitive to oxygen, and the complexation of Eu to the Pt metallosynthon allows the recovery of the energy lost due to triplet‐oxygen quenching of the 3MLCT state observed in the uncomplexed Pt precursor.  相似文献   

17.
The distorted coordination structures and luminescence properties of novel lanthanide complexes with oxo‐linked bidentate phosphane oxide ligands—4,5‐bis(diphenylphosphoryl)‐9,9‐dimethylxanthene (xantpo), 4,5‐bis(di‐tert‐butylphosphoryl)‐9,9‐dimethylxanthene (tBu‐xantpo), and bis[(2‐diphenylphosphoryl)phenyl] ether (dpepo)—and low‐vibrational frequency hexafluoroacetylacetonato (hfa) ligands are reported. The lanthanide complexes exhibit characteristic square antiprism and trigonal dodecahedron structures with eight‐coordinated oxygen atoms. The luminescence properties of these complexes are characterized by their emission quantum yields, emission lifetimes, and their radiative and nonradiative rate constants. Lanthanide complexes with dodecahedron structures offer markedly high emission quantum yields (Eu: 55–72 %, Sm: 2.4–5.0 % in [D6]acetone) due to enhancement of the electric dipole transition and suppression of vibrational relaxation. These remarkable luminescence properties are elucidated in terms of their distorted coordination structures.  相似文献   

18.
The synthesis of four lanthanide ion complexes Eu?1, Eu?2, Tb?1 and Tb?2, from the heptadentate tri-arm cyclen (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane) ligands 1 and 2 that were made in one-pot syntheses is described. These coordinatively unsaturated complexes have two labile metal-bound water molecules, as demonstrated by X-ray crystallography. This was also confirmed by evaluating their hydration state (q~2) by measuring their lifetimes in D2O and H2O, respectively. The above complexes were all designed as being “photophysically silent” prior to the recognition of the anion, since they do not possess antenna that can participate in sensitisation of the Eu(III) or the Tb(III) excited state. However, the two water molecules can be displaced upon anion binding by the appropriate aromatic carboxylates to give ternary complexes in water, through either four- or six-member ring chelates (q~0), or possibly via a monodentate binding. In the case of Tb?1 and Tb?2, large luminescence enhancements were observed upon the formation of such ternary complexes with N,N-dimethylaminobenzoic acid at ambient pH. Such binding and luminescent enhancements were also observed for Tb?1 in the presence of salicylic acid. On all occasions, the anion recognition “switched” the emission “on” over two logarithmic units. At higher concentrations, the emission is reduced possibly due to quenching. In the case of aspirin, the binding was too weak to be measured, indicating that Tb?1 selectively detects salicylic acid, the active form of aspirin in water. In the case of Eu?1 and Eu?2, the affinity of these complexes towards such aromatic carboxylates was too weak for efficient ternary complex formation.  相似文献   

19.
A series of seven new tetrazole‐based ligands (L1, L3–L8) containing terpyridine or bipyridine chromophores suited to the formation of luminescent complexes of lanthanides have been synthesized. All ligands were prepared from the respective carbonitriles by thermal cycloaddition of sodium azide. The crystal structures of the homoleptic terpyridine–tetrazolate complexes [Ln(Li)2]NHEt3 (Ln=Nd, Eu, Tb for i=1, 2; Ln=Eu for i=3, 4) and of the monoaquo bypyridine–tetrazolate complex [Eu(H2O)(L7)2]NHEt3 were determined. The tetradentate bipyridine–tetrazolate ligand forms nonhelical complexes that can contain a water molecule coordinated to the metal. Conversely, the pentadentate terpyridine–tetrazolate ligands wrap around the metal, thereby preventing solvent coordination and forming chiral double‐helical complexes similarly to the analogue terpyridine–carboxylate. Proton NMR spectroscopy studies show that the solid‐state structures of these complexes are retained in solution and indicate the kinetic stability of the hydrophobic complexes of terpyridine–tetrazolates. UV spectroscopy results suggest that terpyridine–tetrazolate complexes have a similar stability to their carboxylate analogues, which is sufficient for their isolation in aerobic conditions. The replacement of the carboxylate group with tetrazolate extends the absorption window of the corresponding terpyridine‐ (≈20 nm) and bipyridine‐based (25 nm) complexes towards the visible region (up to 440 nm). Moreover, the substitution of the terpyridine–tetrazolate system with different groups in the ligand series L3–L6 has a very important effect on both absorption spectra and luminescence efficiency of their lanthanide complexes. The tetrazole‐based ligands L1 and L3–L8 sensitize efficiently the luminescent emission of lanthanide ions in the visible and near‐IR regions with quantum yields ranging from 5 to 53 % for EuIII complexes, 6 to 35 % for TbIII complexes, and 0.1 to 0.3 % for NdIII complexes, which is among the highest reported for a neodymium complex. The luminescence efficiency could be related to the energy of the ligand triplet states, which are strongly correlated to the ligand structures.  相似文献   

20.
The compositions and photophysical properties of luminescent ternary complexes of thiacalix[4]arene‐p‐sulfonate (TCAS), TbIII, and AgI ions were determined. At pH 6, AgI2?TbIII2?TCAS2 formed. Moreover, at pH 10, in the presence of a 20‐fold excess of AgI and a 50‐fold excess of TCAS with respect to TbIII, AgI2?TbIII?TCAS2 formed as the main luminescent species. The structure of these complexes was proposed: two TCAS ligands are linked by two S–AgI–S linkages to adopt a double‐cone supramolecular structure. Furthermore, each TbIII ion in the former complex accepts O?, S, O? donation, whereas in the latter, the TbIII center accepts eightfold O? donation. The luminescence quantum yield (Φ) of AgI2?TbIII2?TCAS2 (0.16) was almost equal to that of TbIII?TCAS, but the luminescence lifetime τ of the former (=1.09 ms) was larger than that of the latter. For AgI2?TbIII?TCAS2, the yield Φ (=0.11) was small, which is attributed to the low efficiency of photosensitization (η=0.11). However, the τ value (4.61 ms) was exceptionally large and almost equal to the natural luminescence lifetime of TbIII (4.7 ms), which is due to the absence of coordinating water molecules (q=0.1). This is compatible with the proposed structure in which the TbIII ion is shielded by a supramolecular cage that expels coordinated water molecules responsible for luminescence quenching.  相似文献   

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