硝基氢异构化反应的理论研究

The isomerization of singlet, nitryl hydride (HNO2) has been studied by using ab initio method at MP2 level with 6-31G* basis set. The calculation indicates that the reaction is exothermic by 10.8kJ.mol-1, the energy barrier is 227.9kJ•mol-1, and nitryl hydride is not easily isomerized to trans-HONO.     

硝基胍H迁移异构化反应动力学的从头计算研究

Theoretical studies on the α- and β-forms nitroguanidine were carried out using ab initio theoretical methods, at the MP2/6-31G(d,p) level. The predicted geometrical parameters were in good agreement with the available theoretical values, which calculated by other author. The three C-N bond lengths in α-form nitroguanidine were different, the longest bond length was 1.430 A, the shortest was 1.283 A. But they were almost similar in β-form, the longest was 1.375 A, the shortest was 1.322 A. Therefore there were conjugative effects in β-form but not in α-form. The calculated results also show that the β-form is stable with respect to the α-form from energetically, lower 28.16 kJ/mol corrected with zero point vibrational energy. The transition-state for the unimolecular isomerization was conformed by the IRC calculation. The calculated energy barrier for the direct intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer isomerization process was 132.95 kJ/mol. The isomerization reaction, exothermal reaction, is a typical intramolecular hydrogen atom synfacial transfer reaction. Rate constants of the isomerization reaction were evaluated within the temperature range of 200-1773 K by the classical transition state theory. The rate constant was 1.99×10-11 s-1 and the equilibrium constant was 1.00×105 at 298 K. With the temperature increasing, the equilibrium value decayed and the reaction process was more difficult.     

甲醛与乙醛,甲醚,硝基甲烷相互作用的从头算研究

用6-31G、全构型优化,研究了甲醛与乙醛、甲醚、硝基甲烷的相互作用。结果表明所有超分子稳定构型都包含2个C—H—O氢键的平面环状结构。H—O距离为0.228～0.264 nm,作用能为—19～—24 kJ/mol,与二聚水的作用能接近。稳定性主要取决于甲基上取代基Y吸电子能力以及环状结构中氢键张力。STO-3G不很适用于研究这类分子的相互作用。     

LiSiF3体系的构型及异构化反应的理论研究

用从头计算方法在G2 (MP2 )水平上考察了LiSiF3 体系的各可能异构体以及这些异构体之间的异构化反应 .势能面上 4个极小值点的相对能量分别为 - 1 2 8.6 ,- 1 94.3,- 1 2 .7和 - 1 2 2 .8kJ/mol(以LiF和SiF2 的能量之和为零点 ) .含有 3个F Si F Li四元环具有C3v对称性的四元环构型能量最低 .其余的 3个构型异构化为四元环构型的过程中的势垒最高为 1 2 .5kJ/mol.     

硝基甲烷异构化反应势能面的ab initio研究

在B3LYP/6-311+ +G(2d,2p)水平上,优化得到硝基甲烷CH3NO2的10种异构体和23个异构化反应过渡态,并用G2MP2方法进行了单点能计算.根据计算得到的G2MP2相对能量,探讨了CH3NO2势能面上异构化反应的微观机理.研究表明,反应初始阶段的CH3NO2异构化过程具有较高的能垒,其中CH3NO2的两个主要异构化反应通道,即CH3NO2→CH3ONO和CH3NO2→CH2N(O)OH的活化能分别为270.3和267.8 kJ/mol,均高于CH3NO2的C-N键离解能.因而,从动力学角度考虑, CH3NO2的异构化反应较为不利.     

环丙酮光解离和热异构机理的从头算研究

运用精确的量子化学计算方法CASSCF, B3LYP和MP2, 结合cc-pVDZ基组, 优化了环丙酮的基态和激发态势能面上的驻点结构, 计算了它们的相对能量. 在此基础上, 深入探讨了环丙酮光解离反应的机理. 在292～365 nm波长的光的激发下, 环丙酮被激发至S₁态, 最可能的初始过程是α C—C键断裂. 我们的理论研究发现, 在α C—C键断裂途径上, 存在基态和第一激发势能面的交叉点, 它在随后的反应过程中起着重要作用. 一方面可形成单态双自由基中间体, 然后发生另一个C—C键的断裂, 生成基态产物一氧化碳和乙烯. 另一方面, 经过S₁/S₀交叉点可以回到热的基态. 在这种情况下, 体系具有足够的能量, 克服基态途径上的势垒, 生成同样的基态产物乙烯和一氧化碳. 此外, 还对环丙酮基态异构化反应进行了理论研究.     

无限长氢链极化率的从头算研究

在RHF／6-31G水平用CPHF方法计算了两种构型的氢链的轴向极化率,计算直到89个结构单元,已基本上达到每单元极化率的极限值。根据这些较完整的资料,讨论了拟合目标函数的选取,拟合函数的确定,以及如何选定拟合数据范围以求得最佳极限值的问题,提出了求得最可信的每单元极化率极限值的原则。     

不饱和类烯H2PBLiF的构型及异构化反应

用HF/6-31G解析梯度方法研究了无机不饱和类烯H2PBLiF的结构,共得到3个平衡构型和2个异构化反应的过渡态构型.动力学分析表明,其中两种平衡构型是它们存在和参加化学反应的基本构型.分析了各平衡构型的结构特点及稳定性,给出了各构型的Mülliken集居数,并简单讨论了2种基本构型的化学活性.     

用从头算研究Shilov反应的机理

Shilov反应在CH~4活化中占有中心地位,它有氧化加成和σ迁移两种可能的机理。本文用较大基组的从头算研究了这两种机理的反应过程,认为Shilov反应应按氧化加成机理进行。     

苯并氧化呋咱稳定性和异构化的DFT和ab initio研究

运用B3LYP/6-31G(d)密度泛函理论（DFT）方法对苯并氧化呋咱、邻二亚硝基苯及其间的异构化反应进行了计算研究。结果表明,苯并氧化呋咱的分子总能量比邻二亚硝基苯的低;由苯并氧化呋咱异构为邻二亚硝基苯的正向反应活化能（Ea+=51.0kJ/mol）,与文献实测值（58.6kJ/mol）较接近,而其逆向反应活化能（Ea-=4.6kJ/mol）很小,从而揭示了苯并氧化呋咱比邻二亚硝基苯更稳定·此外,进行了HF/3-21G、HF/6-31G(d)和MP2/6-31G(d)//6-31G(d)水平下相应的计算,发现B3LYP-DFT的结果较abinitio为优。谐振动频率的B3LYP/6-31G(d)计算还支持了邻二亚硝基苯为苯并氧化呋咱“自-自”互变重排反应的中间体。     

NH_(2-3)~(0-1 )离解能等的高级ab initio计算与评价

FeiQi等人[1]最近对H2N－H、H2N －H的离解能以及NH3、NH2的电离能，用真空紫外光电离实验进行了重新测定，并同时得到了H2N－H 的离解能．他们还在QCISD（T）／6－311＋G（3df，ZP）／／MPZ（full）／6刁IG（d）水平（GZ理论的参考水平）上对这些数据及其它相关分子的某些性质     

1,2-C4H6→2-C4H6异构化反应机理的理论研究

采用自洽场分子轨道UHF/6-31G**从头算法,研究了1,2-C4H6→2-C4H6异构化反应机理,优化了基态势能面上反应物、过渡态、中间体和产物的几何构型,并对各驻点能量进行了零点能校准.结果表明该反应经历一个1-甲基环丙烯生成产物比经两步氢迁移反应历程更易发生.     

烯丙醇的红外激光离解和异构化

目前对于红外激光诱导的异构化研究甚少,有关烯丙醇分子的激光化学反应尚未见报道,本文报道了烯丙醇分子红外激光诱发的1,3-σ迁移反应及离解反应。 1 实验方法 以光栅选频TEA CO_2 B型脉冲激光器为激发光源,脉宽<150 ns,脉冲重复频率1 Hz,光束聚焦至反应池中央,焦斑面积<0.1 cm~2.反应池先抽至0.13 Pa以下,再充入一定压力的烯丙醇和缓冲气体Ar或N_2,用Perking-Elmer 983型红外分光光度计和MAT 454型色质联     

An ab initio study of pyruvic acid

The geometries and vibrational frequencies of two conformers of pyruvic acid have been obtained at the ab initio second order Möller-Plesset level of theory using the 6-311++G^** basis set. While the calculated geometries have been compared to the experimental microwave data, the vibrational frequencies have been assigned, using the experimental gas phase IR spectra of 13 isotopes of pyruvic acid by a recently developed scaling procedure (IRPROG). An attempt has been made to explain the stability of the eclipsed conformation over the staggered conformation of pyruvic acid by taking account of the molecular orbitals.     

硅乙烯异构化反应的理论研究——从头算水平上的热力学、动力学分析

据报道,含硅碳双键的化合物已能制备,但它在通常条件下不稳定,易于发生加成、异构化反应,研究最多的两个异构化反应是:     

All electron ab initio investigations of the electronic states of the MoN molecule

The low lying electronic states of the molecule MoN were investigated by performing all electron ab initio multi-configuration self-consistent-field (CASSCF) calculations. The relativistic corrections for the one electron Darwin contact term and the relativistic mass-velocity correction were determined in perturbation calculations. The electronic ground state is confirmed as being ⁴∑⁻. The chemical bond of MoN has a triple bond character because of the approximately fully occupied delocalized bonding π and σ orbitals. The spectroscopic constants for the ground state and ten excited states were derived. The excited doublet states ²∑⁻, ²Γ, ²Δ, and ²∑⁺ are found to be lower lying than the ⁴Π state that was investigated experimentally. Elaborate multi-configuration configuration-interaction (MRCI) calculations were carried out for the states ⁴∑⁻ and ⁴∏ using various basis sets. The spectroscopic constants for the ⁴∑⁻ ground state were determined as r_e=1.636 Å and ω_e=1109 cm⁻¹, and for the ⁴∏ state as r_e=1.662 Å and ω_e=941 cm⁻¹. The values for the ground state are in excellent agreement with available experimental data. The MoN molecule is polar with a charge transfer from Mo to N. The dipole moment was determined as 2.11 D in the ⁴∑⁻ state and as 4.60 D in the ⁴∏ state. These values agree well with the revised experimental values determined from molecular Stark spectroscopic measurements. The dissociation energy, D_e, is determined as 5.17 eV, and D₀ as 5.10 eV.     

An ab initio study on the geometries and vibrational frequencies of hydrazoic acid and methyl azide

The geometric parameters for hydrazoic acid and methyl azide were optimized at the HF/6-31G^** and MP2/6-31G^** levels and the vibrational frequencies of the compounds were calculated by use of these optimized geometries. The experimental frequencies are assigned on the basis of the calculated results. The effects of deutero-substitution and substitution of hydrogen in HN₃ by a methyl group are also discussed.     

Ab initio Investigation of Decomposition of HCF_2OH

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