From light tails to heavy tails through multiplier

Let X and Y be two independent nonnegative random variables, of which X has a distribution belonging to the class or for some γ ≥ 0 and Y is unbounded. We study how their product XY inherits the tail behavior of X. Under some mild technical assumptions we prove that the distribution of XY belongs to the class or accordingly. Hence, the multiplier Y builds a bridge between light tails and heavy tails.      

Region-Fault Tolerant Geometric Spanners

We introduce the concept of region-fault tolerant spanners for planar point sets and prove the existence of region-fault tolerant spanners of small size. For a geometric graph on a point set P and a region F, we define to be what remains of after the vertices and edges of intersecting F have been removed. A  -fault tolerant t-spanner is a geometric graph  on P such that for any convex region F, the graph is a t-spanner for , where is the complete geometric graph on P. We prove that any set P of n points admits a -fault tolerant (1+ε)-spanner of size for any constant ε>0; if adding Steiner points is allowed, then the size of the spanner reduces to  , and for several special cases, we show how to obtain region-fault tolerant spanners of size without using Steiner points. We also consider fault-tolerant geodesic t -spanners: this is a variant where, for any disk D, the distance in between any two points u,v∈P∖D is at most t times the geodesic distance between u and v in ℝ²∖D. We prove that for any P, we can add Steiner points to obtain a fault-tolerant geodesic (1+ε)-spanner of size  . M.A. Abam was supported by the Netherlands’ Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) under project no. 612.065.307 and by the MADALGO Center for Massive Data Algorithmics, a Center of the Danish National Research Foundation. M. de Berg was supported by the Netherlands’ Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) under project no. 639.023.301. M. Farshi was supported by Ministry of Science, Research and Technology of I.R. Iran. NICTA is funded by the Australian Government as represented by the Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy and the Australian Research Council through the ICT Centre of Excellence program.     

Meromorphic approximation theorem in a Stein space

We prove the meromorphic version of the Weil–Oka approximation theorem in a reduced Stein space X and give some characterizations of meromorphically -convex open sets of X. As an application we prove that for every meromorphically -convex open set D of a reduced Stein space X with no isolated points there exists a family of holomorphic functions on X such that the normality domain of coincides with D. Mathematics Subject Classification (2000)  32E10, 32C15, 32E30, 32A19     

On the Scope of Averaging for Frankl’s Conjecture

Let be a union-closed family of subsets of an m-element set A. Let . For b ∈ A let w(b) denote the number of sets in containing b minus the number of sets in not containing b. Frankl’s conjecture from 1979, also known as the union-closed sets conjecture, states that there exists an element b ∈ A with w(b) ≥ 0. The present paper deals with the average of the w(b), computed over all b ∈ A. is said to satisfy the averaged Frankl’s property if this average is non-negative. Although this much stronger property does not hold for all union-closed families, the first author (Czédli, J Comb Theory, Ser A, 2008) verified the averaged Frankl’s property whenever n ≥ 2 ^m  − 2 ^m/2 and m ≥ 3. The main result of this paper shows that (1) we cannot replace 2 ^m/2 with the upper integer part of 2 ^m /3, and (2) if Frankl’s conjecture is true (at least for m-element base sets) and then the averaged Frankl’s property holds (i.e., 2 ^m/2 can be replaced with the lower integer part of 2 ^m /3). The proof combines elementary facts from combinatorics and lattice theory. The paper is self-contained, and the reader is assumed to be familiar neither with lattices nor with combinatorics. This research was partially supported by the NFSR of Hungary (OTKA), grant no. T 049433, T 48809 and K 60148.     

On support points and continuous extensions

A selection theorem concerning support points of convex sets in a Banach space is proved. As a corollary we obtain the following result. Denote by ${\mathcal{BCC}(X)}A selection theorem concerning support points of convex sets in a Banach space is proved. As a corollary we obtain the following result. Denote by BCC(X){\mathcal{BCC}(X)} the metric space of all nonempty bounded closed convex sets in a Banach space X. Then there exists a continuous mapping S : BCC(X) ? X{S : \mathcal{BCC}(X) \rightarrow X} such that S(K) is a support point of K for each K ? BCC(X){K \in \mathcal{BCC}(X)}. Moreover, it is possible to prescribe the values of S on a closed discrete subset of BCC(X){\mathcal{BCC}(X)}.     

On Rank Functions of Lattices

Let be a lattice of finite height. The correspondence between closure operators and ∧-subsemilattices is well known. Here we investigate what type of number-valued function is induces a ∧-subsemilattice ; and if so, what kind of . Conversely, what type of function is induced by what type of (or cl). Several results known for matroids, greedoids, or semimodular lattices are generalized.     

Nested set complexes of Dowling lattices and complexes of Dowling trees

Given a finite group G and a natural number n, we study the structure of the complex of nested sets of the associated Dowling lattice (Proc. Internat. Sympos., 1971, pp. 101–115) and of its subposet of the G-symmetric partitions which was recently introduced by Hultman (, 2006), together with the complex of G-symmetric phylogenetic trees . Hultman shows that the complexes and are homotopy equivalent and Cohen–Macaulay, and determines the rank of their top homology. An application of the theory of building sets and nested set complexes by Feichtner and Kozlov (Selecta Math. (N.S.) 10, 37–60, 2004) shows that in fact is subdivided by the order complex of . We introduce the complex of Dowling trees and prove that it is subdivided by the order complex of . Application of a theorem of Feichtner and Sturmfels (Port. Math. (N.S.) 62, 437–468, 2005) shows that, as a simplicial complex, is in fact isomorphic to the Bergman complex of the associated Dowling geometry. Topologically, we prove that is obtained from by successive coning over certain subcomplexes. It is well known that is shellable, and of the same dimension as . We explicitly and independently calculate how many homology spheres are added in passing from to . Comparison with work of Gottlieb and Wachs (Adv. Appl. Math. 24(4), 301–336, 2000) shows that is intimely related to the representation theory of the top homology of . Research partially supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation, project PP002-106403/1.     

Symmetric groups and expander graphs

We construct explicit generating sets S _n and of the alternating and the symmetric groups, which turn the Cayley graphs and into a family of bounded degree expanders for all n.     

Dedekind–MacNeille Completion of n-ordered Sets

A completion of an n-ordered set is defined, by analogy with the case of posets (2-ordered sets), as a pair , where Q is a complete n-lattice and is an n-order embedding. The Basic Theorem of Polyadic Concept Analysis is exploited to construct a completion of an arbitrary n-ordered set. The completion reduces to the Dedekind–MacNeille completion in the dyadic case, the case of posets. A characterization theorem is provided, analogous to the well-known dyadic one, for the case of joined n-ordered sets. The condition of joinedness is trivial in the dyadic case and, therefore, this characterization theorem generalizes the uniqueness theorem for the Dedekind–MacNeille completion of an arbitrary poset.      

Greedy expansions in Banach spaces

We study convergence and rate of convergence of expansions of elements in a Banach space X into series with regard to a given dictionary . For convenience we assume that is symmetric: implies . The primary goal of this paper is to study representations of an element f∈X by a series

A Mean-Value Inequality for Non-negative Solutions to the Linearized Monge–Ampère Equation

We prove a mean value inequality for non-negative solutions to in any domain Ω ⊂ ℝ ⁿ , where is the Monge–Ampère operator linearized at a convex function ϕ, under minimal assumptions on the Monge–Ampère measure of ϕ. An application to the Harnack inequality for affine maximal hypersurfaces is included.      

Topological dimensions and multifractal Rényi dimensions of Polish spaces: a multifractal Szpilrajn type theorem

In this paper we consider the relationship between the topological dimension and the lower and upper q-Rényi dimensions and of a Polish space X for q ∈ [1, ∞]. Let and denote the Hausdorff dimension and the packing dimension, respectively. We prove that for all analytic metric spaces X (whose upper box dimension is finite) and all q ∈ (1, ∞); of course, trivially, for all q ∈ [1, ∞]. As a corollary to this we obtain the following result relating the topological dimension and the lower and upper q-Rényi dimensions: for all Polish spaces X and all q ∈ [1, ∞]; in (1) and (2) we have used the following notation, namely, for two metric spaces X and Y, we write X ∼ Y if and only if X is homeomorphic to Y. Equality (1) has recently been proved for q = ∞ by Myjak et al. Author’s address: Department of Mathematics, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9SS, Scotland     

On the Homological Dimension of Lattices

Let L be a finite lattice and let . It is shown that if the order complex satisfies then |L| ≥ 2 ^k . Equality |L| = 2 ^k holds iff L is isomorphic to the Boolean lattice {0,1} ^k . Research supported by the Israel Science Foundation.     

Distribution of values of bounded generalized polynomials

A generalized polynomial is a real-valued function which is obtained from conventional polynomials by the use of the operations of addition, multiplication, and taking the integer part; a generalized polynomial mapping is a vector-valued mapping whose coordinates are generalized polynomials. We show that any bounded generalized polynomial mapping u: Z ^d  → R ^l has a representation u(n) = f(ϕ(n)x), n ∈ Z ^d , where f is a piecewise polynomial function on a compact nilmanifold X, x ∈ X, and ϕ is an ergodic Z ^d -action by translations on X. This fact is used to show that the sequence u(n), n ∈ Z ^d , is well distributed on a piecewise polynomial surface (with respect to the Borel measure on that is the image of the Lebesgue measure under the piecewise polynomial function defining ). As corollaries we also obtain a von Neumann-type ergodic theorem along generalized polynomials and a result on Diophantine approximations extending the work of van der Corput and of Furstenberg–Weiss.     

Compact and Loeb Hausdorff spaces in \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathsf {ZF}$\end{document} and the axiom of choice for families of finite sets

Given a set X, $\mathsf {AC}^{\mathrm{fin}(X)}$ denotes the statement: “$[X]^{<\omega }\backslash \lbrace \varnothing \rbrace$ has a choice set” and $\mathcal {C}_\mathrm{R}\big (\mathbf {2}^{X}\big )$ denotes the family of all closed subsets of the topological space $\mathbf {2}^{X}$ whose definition depends on a finite subset of X. We study the interrelations between the statements $\mathsf {AC}^{\mathrm{fin}(X)},$ $\mathsf {AC}^{\mathrm{fin}([X]^{<\omega })},$ $\mathsf {AC}^{\mathrm{fin} (F_{n}(X,2))},$ $\mathsf {AC}^{\mathrm{fin}(\mathcal {\wp }(X))}$ and “$\mathcal {C}_\mathrm{R}\big (\mathbf {2}^{X}\big )\backslash \lbrace \varnothing \rbrace$has a choice set”. We show:

• (i) $\mathsf {AC}^{\mathrm{fin}(X)}$ iff $\mathsf {AC}^{\mathrm{fin}([X]^{<\omega } )}$ iff $\mathcal {C}_\mathrm{R}\big (\mathbf {2}^{X}\big )\backslash \lbrace \varnothing \rbrace$ has a choice set iff $\mathsf {AC}^{\mathrm{fin}(F_{n}(X,2))}$.
• (ii) $\mathsf {AC}_{\mathrm{fin}}$ ($\mathsf {AC}$ restricted to families of finite sets) iff for every set X, $\mathcal {C}_\mathrm{R}\big (\mathbf {2}^{X}\big )\backslash \lbrace \varnothing \rbrace$ has a choice set.
• (iii) $\mathsf {AC}_{\mathrm{fin}}$ does not imply “$\mathcal {K}\big (\mathbf {2}^{X}\big )\backslash \lbrace \varnothing \rbrace$ has a choice set($\mathcal {K}(\mathbf {X})$ is the family of all closed subsets of the space $\mathbf {X}$)
• (iv) $\mathcal {K}(\mathbf {2}^{X})\backslash \lbrace \varnothing \rbrace$ implies $\mathsf {AC}^{\mathrm{fin}(\mathcal {\wp }(X))}$ but $\mathsf {AC}^{\mathrm{fin}(X)}$ does not imply $\mathsf {AC}^{\mathrm{fin}(\mathcal {\wp }(X))}$.

We also show that “For every setX, “$\mathcal {K}\big (\mathbf {2}^{X}\big )\backslash \lbrace \varnothing \rbrace$has a choice set” iff “for every setX, $\mathcal {K}\big (\mathbf {[0,1]}^{X}\big )\backslash \lbrace \varnothing \rbrace$has a choice set” iff “for every product$\mathbf {X}$of finite discrete spaces,$\mathcal {K}(\mathbf {X})\backslash \lbrace \varnothing \rbrace$ has a choice set”.     

Relations between different types of spectra and spectral characterizations

In the study of the asymptotic behaviour of solutions of differential-difference equations the -spectrum has been useful, where and implies Fourier transform , with given , φ∈L ^∞(ℝ,X), X a Banach space, (half)line. Here we study and related concepts, give relations between them, especially weak Laplace half-line spectrum of φ, and thus ⊂ classical Beurling spectrum = Carleman spectrum =  ; also  = Beurling spectrum of “φ modulo ” (Chill-Fasangova). If satisfies a Loomis type condition (L _U ), then countable and uniformly continuous ∈U are shown to imply ; here (L _U ) usually means , indefinite integral Pf of f in U imply Pf in (the Bohl-Bohr theorem for = almost periodic functions, U=bounded functions). This spectral characterization and other results are extended to unbounded functions via mean classes , ℳ ^m U ((2.1) below) and even to distributions, generalizing various recent results for uniformly continuous bounded φ. Furthermore for solutions of convolution systems S*φ=b with in some we show . With these above results, one gets generalizations of earlier results on the asymptotic behaviour of solutions of neutral integro-differential-difference systems. Also many examples and special cases are discussed.     

Micro-Local Analysis with Fourier Lebesgue Spaces. Part?I

Let ω,ω ₀ be appropriate weight functions and q∈[1,∞]. We introduce the wave-front set, WF_FL^q(w)(f)\mathrm{WF}_{\mathcal{F}L^{q}_{(\omega)}}(f) of f ? S￠f\in \mathcal{S}' with respect to weighted Fourier Lebesgue space FL^q_(w)\mathcal{F}L^{q}_{(\omega )}. We prove that usual mapping properties for pseudo-differential operators Op (a) with symbols a in S^(w₀)_r,0S^{(\omega _{0})}_{\rho ,0} hold for such wave-front sets. Especially we prove that

Wedge Products and Cotensor Coalgebras in Monoidal Categories

The construction of the cotensor coalgebra for an “abelian monoidal” category which is also cocomplete, complete and AB5, was performed in Ardizzoni et al. (Comm Algebra 35(1):25–70, 2007). It was also proved that this coalgebra satisfies a meaningful universal property which resembles the classical one. Here the lack of the coradical filtration for a coalgebra E in is filled by considering a direct limit of a filtration consisting of wedge products of a subcoalgebra D of E. The main aim of this paper is to characterize hereditary coalgebras , where D is a coseparable coalgebra in , by means of a cotensor coalgebra: more precisely, we prove that, under suitable assumptions, is hereditary if and only if it is formally smooth if and only if it is the cotensor coalgebra if and only if it is a cotensor coalgebra , where N is a certain D-bicomodule in . Because of our choice, even when we apply our results in the category of vector spaces, new results are obtained. This paper was written while A. Ardizzoni was member of G.N.S.A.G.A. with partial financial support from Mi.U.R.