Al_2O_3掺杂SO_4~(2-)/SnO_2固体酸催化剂上的酯化和酯交换反应

用共沉淀法制备了一系列不同Al2O3掺杂量(0.5%-3.0%,摩尔分数)的SO24-/SnO2催化剂.采用N2吸附、热重(TG)分析、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、漫反射红外光谱(DRIFTS)、拉曼(Raman)光谱、魔角旋转固体核磁共振(27AlMASNMR)对催化剂的结构和织构性质进行了表征,用正丁胺电位滴定法测定了催化剂的酸量,并评价了这些催化剂对月桂酸与甲醇的酯化和三乙酸甘油酯与甲醇的酯交换反应性能.实验结果表明SO24-/SnO2催化剂中掺杂少量Al2O3能明显提高催化活性,这是由催化剂的酸性位增加而引起的,添加Al2O3的摩尔分数为1.0%的催化剂表现出最高的反应活性,在酯化反应中6h后月桂酸转化率高达92.7%,在酯交换反应中8h后三乙酸甘油酯转化率高达91.1%.     

固体超强酸SO2-4/SnO2-Al2O3的红外光谱研究

以四氯化锡、硫酸铝为原料,氨水为沉淀剂,采用共沉淀法制得新型固体超强酸SO2-4/SnO2-Al2O3.采用FT-IR技术考察了金属元素摩尔比、焙烧温度、浸渍液以及掺杂稀土氧化物对该固体超强酸结构和性能的影响.FT-IR结果表明在该固体超强酸中,锡和硫酸根是以螯合和桥式两种方式配位结合,其中起催化活化作用的主要是和硫酸根以螯合双齿结合的锡;和SO2-4/ZrO2型超强酸相比,SO2-4/SnO2-Al2O3超强酸的硫酸根FT-IR特征吸收峰发生蓝移,显示出更强的酸性.锡铝摩尔比为9∶1、焙烧温度为773K、焙烧时间为3h时,制得的SO2-4/SnO2-Al2O3样品对酯化反应的催化性能最好.     

SO42-/ZrO2和SO42-/Al2O3-ZrO2催化剂上的正戊烷反应

研究了添加Al对SO₄^2-/ZrO₂超强酸样品的晶化、比表面、硫含量、超强酸性和正戊烷反应性能的影响,考察了活化温度、反应温度、Al含量和载Pt对催化剂活性和选择性的影响.SO₄^2-/Al₂O₃ZrO₂催化剂的酸强度与SO₄^2-/ZrO₂基本相当,但超强酸位比后者多,未载Pt时正戊烷反应活性和稳定性明显高于后者.负载Pt后,正戊烷异构化选择性和稳定性大大提高,但Pt/SO₄^2-/Al₂O₃ZrO₂催化剂的反应活性与Pt/SO₄^2-/ZrO₂相近,Al的促进作用不明显.     

固体超强酸SO4^2-／SnO2-Al2O3的红外光谱研究

以四氯化锡、硫酸铝为原料，氨水为沉淀剂，采用共沉淀法制得新型固体超强酸SO4^2-／SnO2-Al2O3。采用FT-IR技术考察了金属元素摩尔比、焙烧温度、浸渍液以及掺杂稀土氧化物对该固体超强酸结构和性能的影响。兀：lR结果表明在该固体超强酸中，锡和硫酸根是以螯合和桥式两种方式配位结合，其中起催化活化作用的主要是和硫酸根以螯合双齿结合的锡；和SO4^2-／SnO2型超强酸相比，SO4^2-／SnO2-Al2O3超强酸的硫酸根FT-IR特征吸收峰发生蓝移，显示出更强的酸性。锡铝摩尔比为9：1、焙烧温度为773K、焙烧时间为3h时。制得的SO4^2-／SnO2-Al2O3样品对酯化反应的催化性能最好。     

纳米固体超强酸SO2-4/Fe2O3催化合成尼泊金酸乙酯

以纳米固体超强酸SO2-4/Fe2O3催化尼泊金酸与乙醇的酯化反应合成了尼泊金酸乙酯.较适宜的反应条件为:尼泊金酸25 mmol,n(尼泊金酸):n(乙醇)=1:4,ω(催化剂)=3.73%,甲苯15 mL,于84℃～86℃反应3 h,产率达到93.3%.     

SO3/Y-Al2O3固体酸催化剂的制备、结构与酸性表征

用酸中和法制备了活性γ-Al2O3,并在其表面负载SO3得到固体酸催化剂SO√γ-Al2O3,用XRD,TG-DTA,FT-IR,NMR,NH 3-TPD等对其进行了结构和酸性研究.结果表明在SO√γ-Al2O3的制备过程中形成少量的Al2(SO4)3,同时SO 3与γ-Al2O3表面上的羟基反应,形成强的Bronsted酸位,根据1H/27 Al双共振(TRAPDOR)MAS NMR与FT-IR实验结果提出了Bronsted酸结构模型.SO√γ-Al2O3表面存在两种不同强度的酸中心,其酸强度大于分子筛HZSM-5,但弱于传统的固体超强酸SO2-4/γAl2O3.     

新型固体酸SO42-/Al2O3-Al 的制备与表征

采用铝阳极氧化法制备了A12O3-Al一体型载体．并通过浸渍硫酸的方法制备了新型固体酸SO4^2-／Al2O3-Al催化剂．采用BET、XRD、XPS和NH3-TPD对其结构和酸性进行了表征．结果表明，该催化剂具有合适的孔结构．Al2O3-Al载体为无定形结构．NH3-TPD结果表明．该催化剂同时具有弱酸及强酸位．用乙酸／乙醇酯化催化反应评估了该固体酸的催化性能．     

纳米固体超强酸SO4^2-／Fe2O3催化合成尼泊金酸乙酯

以纳米固体超强酸SO4^2-／Fe2O3,催化尼泊金酸与乙醇的酯化反应合成了尼泊金酸乙酯。较适宜的反应条件为：尼泊金酸25mmol,n（尼泊金酸）：n（乙醇）=1：4,w（催化剂）=3．73％,甲苯15mL,于84℃～86℃反应3h,产率达到93．3％。     

SO2-4/ZrO2-TiO2固体超强酸的制备

SO2-4/ZrO2-TiO2固体超强酸的制备     

Al含量对Pt-SO2-4 /ZrO2-Al2O3固体超强酸催化

通过向SO^2-₄ /ZrO₂催化剂中同时引入适量的Pt和Al₂O₃, 制备出了具有较高催化性能和稳定性的Pt-SO^2-₄ /ZrO₂-Al₂O₃型固体超强酸催化剂. 以正戊烷异构化反应为探针, 考察了Al含量对催化剂性能的影响; 并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、比表面积测定(BET)、红外(IR)光谱、程序升温还原(TPR)、热重-差热分析(TG-DTA)和氨-程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD)手段对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明, Al能够提高ZrO₂的晶化温度, 抑制硫的分解, 增加催化剂的比表面积, 增强硫氧键的结合, 提高催化剂的还原性能, 增加催化剂的酸强度和酸总量. 当Al₂O₃含量(质量分数, w)为5.0%时, Pt-SO^2-₄ /ZrO₂-Al₂O₃固体超强酸催化剂的催化活性最好, 在100 h内异戊烷收率可稳定在52.0%以上, 选择性在98.2%以上.     

SO42-/SnO2-Fe2O3固体酸催化下的环酮Baeyer-Villiger氧化反应及缩合反应

采用共沉淀的方法制备了不同Fe 掺杂量的SO₄^2-/SnO₂-Fe₂O₃固体超强酸催化剂. 利用傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱, 粉末X射线衍射(XRD), N₂吸附-脱附实验(BET), 热重(TG)分析和扫描电镜(SEM)等方法对样品进行了表征. 考察了所得催化剂对4-叔丁基环己酮与乙二醇缩合反应的催化性能. 实验结果表明, 与未经过掺杂改性的SO₄^2-/SnO₂固体酸催化剂相比, 改性后催化剂的催化性能得到了改善. 研究了以Fe/Sn 摩尔比为0.5的SO₄^2-/SnO₂-Fe₂O₃固体酸为催化剂, 部分醛酮类化合物与乙二醇及1,2-丙二醇的缩合反应. 考察了反应时间、催化剂用量等因素对反应的影响. 同时, 将所得催化剂应用于环酮Baeyer-Villiger 氧化反应中, 催化剂表现出良好的催化活性, 且催化剂具有一定的循环使用性.     

硬脂酸法制备SO42-/Fe2O3-SiO2固体酸及其催化性能的初步探讨

首次用硬脂法制备了Fe2O3-SiO2混合氧化物,经浸渍H2SO4后再焙烧得SO4^2-/Fe2O3-SiO2固体酸催化剂。用TEM,XRD,N2吸附/脱附和TG-DTA等手段对其进行了表征,结果显示制得的Fe2O3-SiO2混合氧化物具有多孔结构,且随着Si含量的增大,其比表面积明显增大,但孔径减小。用乙酸/丁醇酯化催化反应评估了该固体酸的催化性能。     

Two-stage catalytic system of Sn/Al2O3 and Pt/Al2O3for NO reduction by propene in lean conditions

The Pt/Al₂O₃, Sn/Al₂O₃catalysts were prepared by the single sol-gel method. The two-stage Sn/Al₂O₃and Pt/Al₂O₃catalyst in series for NO reduction with propene were investigated. The coexistance of water vapor enhanced the activity at medium temperature of 300-400^oC, and the NO conversion was above 50% at 225 to 500^oC even in the presence of water vapor and SO₂. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Effect of Al2O3 Binder on the Precipitated Iron-Based Catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis

A series of iron-based Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) catalysts incorporated with Al2O3 binder were prepared by the combination of co-precipitation and spray drying technology. The catalyst samples were characterized by using N2 physical adsorption, temperature-programmed reduc-tion/desorption (TPR/TPD) and Mossbauer effect spectroscopy (MES) methods. The characterization results indicated that the BET surface area increases with increasing Al2O3 content and passes through a maximum at the Al2O3/Fe ratio of 10/100 (weight basis). After the point, it decreases with further increase in Al2O3 content. The incorporation of AI2O3 binder was found to weaken the surface basicity and suppress the reduction and carburization of iron-based catalysts probably due to the strong K-Al2O3 and Fe-Al2O3 interactions. Furthermore, the H2 adsorption ability of the catalysts is enhanced with increasing Al2O3 content. The FTS performances of the catalysts were tested in a slurry-phase continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) under the reaction conditions of 260℃, 1.5 MPa, 1000 h-1 and molar ratio of H2/CO 0.67 for 200 h. The results showed that the addition of small amounts of Al2O3 affects the activity of iron-based catalysts to a little extent. However, with further increase of Al2O3 content, the FTS activity and water gas shift reaction (WGS) activity are decreased severely. The addition of appropriate Al2O3 do not affect the product selectivity, but the catalysts incorporated with large amounts of Al2O3 have higher selectivity for light hydrocarbons and lower selectivity for heavy hydrocarbons.     

TPR studies on steam reforming of 2-propanol on Rh/Al2O3, Ru/Al2O3 and Pd/Al2O3

Reaction pathways for steam reforming of 2-propanol (isopropyl alcohol, IPA) on Rh/Al₂O₃, Ru/Al₂O₃ and Pd/Al₂O₃ have been studied by temperature-programmed reactions (TPRs) of IPA and acetone in the presence of steam. The results of TPRs suggest that that of IPA on Rh/Al₂O₃ and Ru/Al₂O₃ proceeds via acetone, while the steam reforming of IPA on Pd/Al₂O₃ takes place via propene from acetone. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氧化铝载体硫酸化对锰铈催化剂SCR脱硝性能的影响

分别以硫酸改性前后的氧化铝为载体,采用浸渍法制备了锰铈催化剂,对其NH_3-SCR脱硝性能进行评价,并采用XRD、BET、NH_3-TPD、H_2-TPR以及FT-IR对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,改性降低了金属的分散性和氧化性,增加了酸量,特别是B酸量;催化剂的最佳脱硝温度窗口向高温扩展,活性温度窗口范围变宽,并且,改性液浓度越大变化幅度越大。当反应温度在200-250℃时,未改性催化剂与采用0.2 mol/L硫酸改性的催化剂具有接近的催化活性,但改性后的催化剂具有更高的抗水抗硫活性,250℃时脱硝率可达70%。     

Al2O3/NaOH固相条件下研磨Cannizzaro反应的研究

将芳香醛与氧化铝负载的固体碱氢氧化钠混合于研钵中, 在室温下研磨5～10 min, 可得相应的芳香醇和芳香酸, 产率在80%～99%. 该法反应条件温和、操作简便、收率高.     

Characterization of ZrO2- Al2O3mixed oxides support prepared by urea hydrolysis

The characteristics of Al₂O₃, ZrO₂ and three binary mixtures of ZrO₂-Al₂O₃ were studied by determining their BET surface areas, micropore surface area, total pore volume, adsorption-desorption isotherms, the X-ray diffractogram, surface acidity and catalytic functionality for cumene cracking. The XRD results show that the incorporation of alumina into the zirconia from 50% and beyond renders it amorphous. Furthermore, the mixed oxide containing 50% alumina and 50% zirconia had the highest BET surface area of 199.9 m²/g whilst pure zirconia had the lowest BET surface area of 37.19 m²/g. The pores for all the mixed oxides were found to be monomodal and zirconia pores were more open. The results of the acidity measurements and cumene cracking functionality indicates that whilst pure zirconia has low total acidity, the incorporation of alumina increases its acidity through a synergistic effect. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Sub-nanometer-thick Al2O3 Overcoat Remarkably Enhancing Thermal Stability of Supported Gold Catalysts

Supported gold nanoparticle catalysts show extraordinarily high activity in many reactions. While the relative poor thermal stability of Au nanoparticles against sintering at elevated temperatures severely limits their practical applications. Here atomic layer deposition (ALD) of TiO₂ and Al₂O₃ was performed to deposit an Au/TiO₂ catalyst with precise thickness con-trol, and the thermal stability was investigated. We surprisingly found that sub-nanometer-thick Al₂O₃ overcoat can su ciently inhibit the aggregation of Au particles up to 600 C in oxygen. On the other hand, the enhancement of Au nanoparticle stability by TiO₂ overcoat is very limited. Di use reffectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) of CO chemisorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements both con rmed the ALD overcoat on Au particles surface and suggested that the presence of TiO₂ and Al₂O₃ ALD overcoat on Au nanoparticles does not considerably change the electronic properties of Au nanoparticles. The catalytic activities of the Al₂O₃ overcoated Au/TiO₂ catalysts in CO oxidation increased as increasing calcination temperature, which suggests that the embed-ded Au nanoparticles become more accessible for catalytic function after high temperature treatment, consistent with our DRIFTS CO chemisorption results.