Synthesis of 1,3-dihydrobenzo[c]selenophene

1,3-Dihydrobenzo[c]selenophene was synthesized from , -dibromo-o-xylene and sodium selenide.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedin-enii, No. 1, p. 24, January, 1972.     

New α,ω-diamido and α,ω-diamino mono-and bi-bridged acridine dimers

A novel set of dimers derived from 9-amino acridine was prepared and characterized by¹H and¹³CNMR. These derivatives are bridged at several different positions of the heterocyclic moieties, by the way of ,-diamido or ,-diamino side-chains. Additionally the preparation of some bi-bridged compounds was achieved.

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Neue ,-Dimaido- und ,-Diamino-Mono- und Bi-überbrückte Acridin-Dimere

Zusammenfassung Es wurde eine neue Reihe von Dimeren des 9-Aminoacridins hergestellt und mittels¹H und¹³C-NMR charakterisiert. Diese Derivate sind an verschiedenen Positionen des Heterocyclus mit ,-Diamido- oder ,-Diamino-Seitenketten überbrückt. Zusätzlich wurden auch einige zweifachüberbrückte Verbindungen hergestellt.

     

A new method for the synthesis of macrocyclic ketones

Summary We have described the synthesis of macrocyclic diacetylene ketones by oxidative condensation of aliphatic ,-diacetyiene ketones.     

Reaction ofα,α-dichloro-ω-bromoalkanes andα,α-dichloro-ω-bromoalkenes with benzylmagnesium and allylmagnesium halides

Conclusions The,-dichloro--bromoalkanes and,-dichloro--bromoalkenes react with the benzyl- and allylmagnesium halides in tetrahydrofuran solution to give,-dichloroalkyl(alkenyl)benzenes,,-dichloroalkadienes in high yields. For all practical purposes the reactions do not go in ether.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 4, pp. 886–890, April, 1972.     

Diffusion Sensor of Mechanical Signals: Frequency Response at High Frequencies

The frequency response of a diffusion transducer with gauze electrodes, studied theoretically at high frequencies, is proportional to ^-3/2 starting with = D/R ² at < /R ² and to ^-1 at > /R ². Here, = 2f, f is the signal frequency, the electrolyte viscosity, D a diffusion coefficient, and R the radius of the gauze filaments. The calculation is compared with experiment.     

Synthesis of modified amino acids containing nucleic acid purine bases

The reaction of hydrazides of adenylyl- or hypoxanthinyl-9-alkylcarboxylic acids with sodium nitrite in acid media gives reactive azides of purinyl-9-alkylcarboxylic acids which condense with ()-aminocarboxylic and ,-diaminocarboxylic acids to give N(N)-(adenylyl-9-alkanoyl) aminocarboxylic, N-(adenylyl-9-)- and N-(hypoxanthinyl-9-alkanoyl)-,-diaminocarboxylic acids. The deamination of N-(adenyl-yl-9-alkanoyl)aminocarboxylic acids gives N-(hypoxanthinyl-9-alkanoyl)aminocarboxylic acids.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 126–130, January, 1985.     

Solution of the generalized eigenvalue equation perturbed by a generalized low rank perturbation

Summary The problem of finding eigenvalues and eigenstates of the generalized perturbed eigenvalue equation = g3(+) is considered. The eigenvalues and the eigenstates of the unperturbed eigenvalue equation = are assumed to be known. Matrices , and can be arbitrary, except for the requirement that be nonsingular and that the eigenstates of the unperturbed equation be complete. It is shown that the eigenvalues and the eigenstates of the perturbed equation can be easily obtained if the rank of the generalized perturbation , is small. A special case of low rank perturbations are piecewise local perturbations which are common in physics and chemistry. If the perturbation is piecewise local with fixed localizability, the operation count for the derivation of a single eigenvalue and/or a single eigenstate is (n). If the perturbation has a fixed rank, the operation count for the derivation of all eigenvalues and/or all eigenstates is (n ²).Research supported by the Welch Foundation of Houston, Texas, and by the Yugoslav Ministry for Development (Grant P-96)     

Alkylation of oxypurines by α,ω-dihaloalkanes 1. Reaction of xanthine sodium salts and some N-methyl derivatives with α,ω-dihaloalkanes

A method was developed for obtaining previously unknown 1,3,7-tris(-haloalkyl)-, 1,7-bis(-chloroalkyl)-3-methyl-, and 1,3-bis(-chloropentyl)-7-methylxanthines.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya No. 9, pp. 2102–2105, September, 1989.     

On the synthesis of ω-appended hypericin derivatives

Summary A method for the preparation ofbis--appended hypericin derivatives bearingn-octyl,n-hexadecyl, and 2-(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-ethoxy)-ethoxymethyl substituents was developed. The key step — the synthesis of appropriately -substituted emodin derivatives — was achieved by solvolyzing 3-bromomethyl-1,6,8-triacetyloxy-anthracene-9,10-dione (-bromo triacetylemodin) in an appropriate alcohol in the presence of silver perchlorate. The correspondingbis--substituted hypericins were then prepared conventionally by dimerizing the -substituted emodin anthrones. The latter were prepared by reduction of the -appended emodins.

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Zur Synthese von -substituierten Hypericinderivaten

Zusammenfassung Eine Methode zur Darstellung vonbis--substituierten Hypericinderivaten wurde entwickelt. Der Schlüsselschritt — die Synthese der entsprechenden Emodinderivate — wurde durch die Solvolyse von 3-Bromomethyl-1,6,8-triacetyloxyanthracen-9,10-dion (-Bromtriacetylemodin) im entsprechenden Alkohol in Gegenwart von Silberperchlorat ermöglicht. Die entsprechendenbis--substituierten Hypericinderivate wurden auf konventionelle Weise durch Dimerisierung der -substituierten Emodinanthrone dargestellt. Letztere erhielt man durch Reduktion der -substituierten Emodine.

     

ω,ω′-imino dicarboxylic acids and some of their derivatives

Summary Starting from the corresponding-chloro carboxylic acids we prepared, -imino dicarboxylic acids and their N- and O- derivatives; the products had the following structures:     

Synthesis and modification of spacered glycosides of N-acetylglucosamine

From glucosaminyl chloride peracetate, in the presence of HgI₂, we have obtained -p-nitrobenzyl-, --chloro- and --azido-spacered glycosides of N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) with spacers of different lengths and chemical natures. The corresponding amino derivatives have been synthesized from them. The possibility has been shown of modifying the -chloro- and -azido-spacered glycosides of NAG.Simferopol' State University, 333036, Ukraine, Crimea, Simferopol', ul. Yaltinskaya, 4. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 724–730, September–October, 1997.     

Synthesis of 3-(ω-aminoalkyl)hydro-2-quinolones and their analogs by amination and hydroamination of 3-(2′-oxocycloalkyl)methyl-substituted lactams

The amination of 3-(2-oxocyclohexyl)methylcaprolactams and -valerolactams with ammonium acetate leads to 3-(-aminoalkyl)-3,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-2-quinolones. The hydroamination of these keto lactams, as well as their oxocycloheptyl analogs, with a mixture of formamide and formic acid gives 3-(-aminoalkyl)pehydro-2-quinolones and 3-(-aminoalkyl)-5,6-pentamethylenetetrahydro-2-pyridones.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 525–530, April, 1992.     

Synthesis of optically active 9-purinyl-α-amino acids

A general method for the synthesis of optically active 9-purinyl--amino acids by condensation of 5-amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidine with ,-diamino carboxylic acids and subsequent cyclization of the N-(5-amino-4-chloro-6-pyrimidinyl)-amino acids with triethyl orthoformate was developed. A number of 6-substituted -amino--(9-purinyl) carboxylic acids were obtained by nucleophilic substitution of the chlorine atom in the -amino--(6-chloro-9-purinyl) carboxylic acids.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 12, pp. 1690–1695, December, 1982.     

Structural aspects and electronic absorption of the hydroxyphenanthroperylene quinones fringelit D,hypericin, and stentorin

Summary PPP type semiempirical quantum chemical calculations of absorption spectra were performed for hypericin, fringelit D, stentorin, and their respective conformers, tautomers, and deprotonated species. The results agree with the experimental absorption spectra of hypericin, stentorin, and fringelit D, their deprotonated species, and the polarized absorption spectra of an ,-long chain appended hypericin derivative embedded in stretched polyethylene.

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Strukturelle Aspekte und elektronische Absorptionseigenschaften der Hydroxyphenanthroperylenchinone Fringelit D, Hypericin und Stentorin

Zusammenfassung Semiempirische quantenchemische Rechnungen (PPP-Typ) der Absorptions-spektren von Hypericin, Fringelit D, Stentorin und ihrer Konformeren, Tautomeren und deren Deprotonierungsprodukten wurden durchgeführt. Die Resultate stehen in Einklang mit den experimentellen Absorptionsspektren von Hypericin, Fringelit D, Stentorin, ihrer Deprotonierungsprodukte und dem polarisierten Absorptionsspektrum eines in gestrecktem Polyethylen eingebetteten ,-substituierten Hypericinderivates.

     

Synthesis and properties of an ω,ω′-appended eighteen carbon chains hypericin derivative

Summary An ,-appended eighteen carbon chains hypercin derivative (2) was synthesized starting from emodin. The overall yield of the seven step synthesis was 12%. The¹H and¹³C NMR, absorption, and emission spectroscopic properties were measured;2 can be dissolved even in apolar solvents and polyethylene.

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Synthese und Eigenschaften eines mit C₁₈-Ketten ,-substituierten Hypericinderivats

Zusammenfassung Ein in den Positionen , mit zwei C₁₈-Ketten substituiertes Derivat des Hypericins (2) wurde ausgehend von Emodin synthetisiert. Die Gesamtausbeute der siebenstufigen Synthese betrug 12%. Die¹H- und¹³C-NMR, absorptions- und emissionsspektroskopischen Eigenschaften wurden gemessen;2 kann sogar in apolaren Lösungsmitteln und Polyethylen gelöst werden.

     

Synthesis of α, α, ω-trihydropolyfluoroalkyl chlorophosphates by the reaction between α,α,ω-trihydropolyfluoroalkyl phosphites and sulfuryl chloride

Conclusions An efficient method for the synthesis of ,,-trihydropolyfluoroalkyl chlorophosphates is by reacting ,,-trihydropolyfluoroalkyl dichlorophosphites and bis-(,,-trihydropolyfluoroalkyl) phosphites with sulfuryl chloride. It has been found that in three-coordinated polyfluoroalkyl phosphites, the high electronegativity of the polyfluoroalkyl groups hinders cleavage of the latter on reaction with sulfuryl chloride, thereby facilitating the formation of oxidation products.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 146–149, January, 1988.     

A density-functional calculation of dynamic dipole polarizabilities of noble gas atoms

Using a very simple trial function and unperturbed electron densities calculated by a new procedure, the frequency-dependent dipole polarizability () of Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe has been calculated in the range 0 0.45 a.u., by a Karplus-Kolker-type variation-perturbation method. Results progressively worsen for larger systems so that, for Xe, (0) is only 75% of the experimental value. Probable reasons for this are discussed.     

Reactions of 2-mercaptopyrimidines with α, ω-bromochloro- and α, ω-bromofluoroalkanes

The reactions of 2-mercaptopyridines with , -bromohaloalkanes have given the corresponding haloalkylthiopyrimidines and , -bis(2-pyrimidylthio)alkanes. The IR spectra of the compounds obtained have been recorded and some of their constants have been determined.     

Nitrosation of 4-amino-1-phenacyl-1,2,4-triazolium bromides and ω-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)acetophenones

The reaction of 4-amino-1-phenacyl-1,2,4-triazolium bromides with an excess of nitrous acid leads to a mixture of the corresponding -(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-acetophenones and -hydroximino--(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)acetophenones. Products of the latter type are formed during nitrosation at the methylene group of both the intermediate -triazolylacetophenones, and the starting 4-amino-1-phenacyl-1, 2,4-triazolium bromides. The role of Br^– as a catalyst is significant for both nitrosation paths. In the reaction of -(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)acetophenones with HNO₂, SCN^– is a more active catalyst than Br^–. During the nitrosation of para-substituted 4-amino-1-phenacyl-1,2,4-triazolium bromides, the yield of -hydroximino--(1,2,4-triazol-1-y1)acetophenones increases with increase in the acceptor properties of the aryl substituent, which is explained by the increase in the CH-acidity of the nitrosation substrates.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 12, pp. 2821–2824, December, 1991.     

An improved method for preparing α,ω-dinitroalkanes

Summary We have suggested an improved method for preparing , -dinitroalkanes which consists in the action of silver nitrite on , -dibromoalkanes in petrofeum ether medium with heating.