镁合金表面镧、钐稀土防护膜研究

利用化学转化处理在AZ31镁合金表面制备两种非铈稀土防护膜--镧膜和钐膜.采用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)方法评定膜层的防护效果,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能量色散谱(EDS)表征膜层的表面形貌及组成.结果表明:镁合金表面镧、钐转化膜均由相应的稀土氢氧化物/氧化物及基体金属氢氧化物/氧化物组成;镧转化膜均匀、致密,对基体金属防护效果好,而钐转化膜呈碎片状,部分覆盖基体表面,防护作用很弱.初步探讨了成膜机制.     

AZ91镁合金表面稀土转化膜的制备及耐蚀性能研究

采用在镁合金表面形成无毒、无污染的稀土铈转化膜的方法解决AZ91镁合金表面的腐蚀问题。确定了最佳成膜工艺参数，讨论了处理液的浓度、成膜温度和成膜时间等因素对转化膜耐蚀性的影响。利用湿热实验、阳极极化曲线的测定等实验方法评价了转化膜对镁合金表面的防护作用。结果表明，在潮湿温热条件下稀土铈转化膜试样仍能保持膜层的完整性并具有较高的覆盖度，腐蚀现象不明显。腐蚀电势升高，出现钝化现象，腐蚀电流密度下降，稀土铈转化膜可以提高AZ91镁合金的耐蚀性能。用扫描电镜观察了膜的微观形貌，稀土铈转化膜是由基膜和附着的细小颗粒组成，最佳工艺形成的铈转化膜无破碎现象，对AZ91镁合金表面的腐蚀过程的发生有明显的抑制作用。     

预处理对镁合金镧转化膜及耐腐蚀性能的影响

为了提高镁合金镧转化膜的耐腐蚀性能,通过容量法和电化学方法研究了预处理对镁合金AX91D镧转化膜在5%NaCl溶液中腐蚀行为的影响.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能量色散谱仪(EDS)研究了膜层表面形貌及其组成,通过电极电位的跟踪测试研究了镧转化膜的成膜过程.结果表明:预处理不改变镧转化成膜过程的基本规律,但有助于镧的氧化物沉积;提高了镁合金镧转化膜的耐腐蚀性能,浸泡30 h其耐腐蚀性能与传统的封闭的铬酸盐转化膜相当.     

22Cr双相不锈钢钝化膜组成及其半导体性能研究

借助于Mott-Schottky方程分析了成膜电位、成膜时间、成膜温度以及氯离子等因素对22Cr双相不锈钢在碳酸氢钠/碳酸钠缓冲溶液中所成钝化膜半导体性能的影响, 同时借助于X射线光电子能谱(XPS)技术分析了所成钝化膜的组成. 结果表明: 22Cr双相不锈钢在碳酸氢钠/碳酸钠缓冲溶液中所成钝化膜呈n-p型半导体结构, 钝化膜内施主/受主密度随成膜电位增加、成膜时间延长、成膜温度降低、以及介质中氯离子浓度的降低而减小, 同时膜对基体保护作用随这些因素变化而增强. 钝化膜的XPS分析表明, 钝化膜呈现双层结构, 外层膜主要由三价铁的氧化物(Fe2O3)组成, 内层膜主要由三价铬氧化物(Cr2O3)以及少量二价铁氧化物(FeO)组成.     

铝合金稀土转化膜成膜工艺研究

应用正交实验设计 ,开发并研究了LY1 2铝合金 4价铈盐转化膜的成膜工艺及其膜层的耐蚀性能 .实验表明 :经稀土转化处理的铝合金其点蚀电位升高 ,自然腐蚀电位有所降低 ,从而降低了点蚀敏感性 ;试样极化阻力提高 70倍以上 ,耐蚀性能大大提高 ,与铬酸盐相当 ;另外 ,还结合电化学测试和表面分析 ,初步探讨了铝合金稀土转化膜的耐蚀机理     

过量铈对铸造高镍铬不锈钢耐蚀性的影响

通过腐蚀失重和电化学试验,研究了不同铈含量的铸造高镍铬不锈钢在还原性酸中的耐蚀性能。测定了钝化膜的自活化时间,分析了钝化膜表层的结构、元素含量和分布及其氧化物的组态。结果表明,当钢中铈含量超过0.1%时,在钝化膜表层由于铈的富集,使耐蚀元素铬、钼含量减少,降低其稳定性,削弱钼对钝化膜的修补作用,增加膜表层活性点,从而破坏了钢的钝化,降低其耐蚀性能。     

铈、锂盐对铝阳极氧化膜的协同封闭作用

研究了铈、锂盐在铝阳极氧化膜封闭处理中的协同作用.场发射扫描电镜和X射线衍射谱对铈、锂盐协同封闭前后铝阳极氧化膜形貌和结构的研究结果表明，封闭后膜表面的孔洞消失，封闭产物分布均匀，封闭后膜仍然以非晶态形式存在.根据X射线光电子能谱的结果，封闭后的膜主要由含结晶水的Al2O3及铈、锂的混合氢氧化物组成，同时膜中还含有及封闭溶液组分中的一些阴离子.电化学阻抗谱的研究结果表明铈、锂盐协同封闭能够显著提高膜的耐蚀性能.在实验结果基础上，初步认为铈、锂盐封闭是通过生成结构紧密的封闭产物填充、覆盖膜孔，从而显著提高铝阳极氧化膜的耐蚀性能.     

电镀锌层稀土转化膜成膜动力学研究

通过测量稀土转化膜生长微观形貌、稀土转化膜生长曲线、成膜反应表观活化能、成膜电位时间曲线及Tafel曲线,研究电镀锌稀土转化膜成膜动力学。结果表明:稀土转化膜的生长分为快速生长、缓慢生长、平稳生长3个阶段,3个阶段生长速率与单位面积转化膜质量均呈抛物线关系,形成具有保护性能的膜层;其中第一、二阶段成膜反应的活化能分别为18.17,28.93 kJ.mol-1,具有较快的反应速率,第三阶段成膜反应的活化能为42.41 kJ.mol-1,反应速率相对较慢。此外,成膜反应还与外因成膜温度和成膜时间有关,升高温度可缩短转化膜成膜的时间,有利于转化膜的形成,成膜温度在25~35℃之间,成膜时间在120~180 s之间,膜层具有较好的耐蚀性能。     

在冷轧钢板表面制备二乙烯三胺五甲叉膦酸-锌化学转化膜及其腐蚀防护性能的研究

本文通过调节二乙烯三胺五甲叉膦酸酯（DTPMPA）与Zn²⁺浓度以及溶液的pH值,将冷轧钢板浸泡于含有DTPMPA和Zn²⁺的混合溶液中即可在基体表面形成颜色均匀且具优异腐蚀防护性能的DTPMPA-Zn²⁺化学转化膜. 使用 SEM 和 EDS 研究了DTPMPA-Zn²⁺转化膜的表面形貌和元素组成,利用FTIR和XPS光谱方法探究了化学转化膜的表面官能团、化学组分及官能团与基底的结合方式,进而通过电化学阻抗谱（EIS）和极化曲线方法探究了DTPMPA浓度及成膜溶液pH值对化学转化膜的耐蚀性能的影响. 研究发现,DTPMPA与Zn²⁺共存时,二者发生螯合反应,并以Zn²⁺为交联剂通过多层组装在冷轧钢基体表面形成外观为蓝色的、厚度较为均匀的DTPMPA-Zn²⁺螯合物薄膜. 当成膜溶液的 pH=3.0、DTPMPA浓度为0.2%（除特别指出外,全文浓度均为质量百分数）、Zn²⁺浓度为0.044%时,化学转化膜展现出最优异的防腐性能,对基体的腐蚀保护效率可达91.6%.     

碳钢表面稀土转化膜的XPS和AES研究

用浸渍法在Ａ３钢表面上获得了稀土转化膜，此膜呈均匀的金黄色，有良好的装饰效果。硫酸铜点滴、盐水浸泡、硫化氢气体等加速腐蚀试验以及膜层的电化学测试均证实此膜具有一定的耐蚀性能。膜层的ＸＰＳ９Ｘ射线光电子光谱）分析结果表明，膜层由铁、铈、氧等元素组成；在膜层的表面，铁以Ｆｅ＾３＋，铈以Ｃｅ＾４＋状态存在，在膜层的内部，铁以Ｆｅ＾３＋及Ｆｅ＾３＋，铈以Ｃｅ＾３＋和Ｃｅ＾４＋状态存在；从ＡＥＳ（俄歇Ｆｅ＾     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.