激光陀螺新型槽片

根据激光陀螺的使用要求,针对传统槽片在结构和材质上给加工和陀螺性能所带来的不利因素,设计一种集微晶玻璃和熔石英玻璃的优点于一体的新型槽片结构。其基体采用与陀螺腔体材料相同的底膨胀系数的微晶玻璃,反射片采用抛光表面特性很好的熔石英玻璃,通过光胶接合组成一个完整的新型槽片。并针对新的槽片结构提出了与之相应的陀螺腔体贴片面加工方案,使其既能配合新结构的槽片又不增加腔体的制造难度。同时还提出和实现了在加工中采取球面部件与槽片基体分开加工的方式,使得新结构槽片不仅解决了长期困扰陀螺制造行业的因石英槽片易漏氦而引起的陀螺存储寿命相对较短的问题,同时还降低了球面基片超光滑表面加工难度和加工成本。     

Birefringence of interferential mirrors at normal incidence Experimental and computational study

In this paper we present a review of the existing data on interferential mirror birefringence. We also report new measurements of two sets of mirrors that confirm that mirror phase retardation per reflection decreases when mirror reflectivity increases. We finally developed a computational code to calculate the expected phase retardation per reflection as a function of the total number of layers constituting the mirror. Different cases have been studied and we have compared computational results with the trend of the experimental data. Our study indicates that the origin of the mirror intrinsic birefringence can be ascribed to the reflecting layers close to the substrate.     

Doppler optomechanics of a photonic crystal

A laser beam directed at a mirror attached onto a flexible mount adds friction to its mechanical motion by the Doppler effect. For a normal mirror the efficiency of this radiative Doppler friction is very weak and practically masked by laser shot noise. We find that it can become very efficient using a photonic crystal mirror near its photonic band gaps. As an example, a Bragg mirror used at the long wavelength edge of its band stop can be efficiently optically cooled using the Doppler friction. The opposite effect opens new routes for optical pumping of mechanical systems: a laser pointing at a Bragg mirror and tuned at its short wavelength edge induces amplification of the vibrational excitation of the mirror leading eventually to its self-oscillation. These new effects rely on the strong dependency of a photonic crystal reflectivity on the wavelength.     

超薄镜破坏阈值的研究

新一代空间相机的非球面主镜由一些超轻超薄的分块镜组成，由于目前通用的空间光学反射镜材料非常有限且大部分均为脆性材料，在力的作用下产生强制性的变形将引起镜体大的应力甚至破碎，所以必须研究超薄镜的破坏阈值。首先将弹性力学中应力强度因子的概念引入主动光学中，证明了应力强度因子即传统意义的材料破坏阈值。提出材料表面的微裂纹是材料脆性断裂的根本原因。介绍了一种计算材料应力强度因子的方法。最后针对超薄平面镜模型进行了实例计算，得到了超薄镜的破坏阈值与其尺寸、厚度、支承条件、表面粗糙度之间的关系。     

氧碘激光腔内45°入射高反射镜的膜系设计

 从膜层内的驻波场分布和对膜系的相移要求出发，利用倍频的设计思想对氧碘激光腔内45°入射高反射镜进行优化设计，得出了满足对632.8nm和1 315nm双波长高反射，同时在1 315nm处有180°位相延迟的新膜系结构，与传统的设计膜系相比，此膜系大大降低了高折射率层的厚度，薄膜性能有望得到进一步提高。     

Casimir force between doped silicon slabs

We evaluate the Casimir force for the particular case of silicon material including mirror thickness impact and finite conductivity influence. We show a new interesting behavior related to the slab thickness. We compare the results for intrinsic and doped silicon with traditional metals such as gold.     

High repetition rate plasma mirror for temporal contrast enhancement of terawatt femtosecond laser pulses by three orders of magnitude

We present a plasma mirror configuration that improves the temporal pulse contrast of femtosecond terawatt laser pulses by a factor of thousand using a single antireflection coated glass target. The device provides ultra-high contrast for experiments with a maximum repetition rate of 10 Hz. A third-order cross-correlator has been used to measure the temporal pulse contrast for several different plasma mirror targets. It is shown that the ASE can be suppressed to a level of 10⁻¹¹. A comparison between a triggered and an untriggered plasma mirror reveals differences in the intensity distribution of the focused beam. The triggered plasma mirror produces a slightly larger focus due to the expansion of the triggered plasma mirror at −3 ps before the main pulse. We propose a cost-effective AR-coated and a blank glass target to reduce the costs of the consumable target material. High-harmonic radiation on solid surfaces has been generated with different plasma mirror targets to demonstrate the high laser contrast.     

Quantum locking of mirrors in interferometers

We show that quantum noise in very sensitive interferometric measurements such as gravitational-wave detectors can be drastically modified by quantum feedback. We present a new scheme based on active control to lock the motion of a mirror to a reference mirror at the quantum level. This simple technique allows one to reduce quantum effects of radiation pressure and to greatly enhance the sensitivity of the detection.     

半导体远红外反射镜中反射率和相位研究

以GaAs材料为例，研究了半导体远红外反射镜中的反射率和相位.通过拟合不同掺杂浓度下样品的远红外反射谱，得到了自由载流子的弛豫时间随掺杂浓度变化的经验公式，并把该规律应用到数值计算中.详细讨论了反射镜的结构和材料参数对反射率R和相位φ的影响.根据腔体内吸收率最高的判据得到了最优的反射镜的参数，并计算了这种优化后的反射镜的波长选择特性.最后，通过远红外反射光谱的测量，从实验上验证了这种反射镜的实际效果. 所得结论为半导体远红外器件中的反射镜设计提供了参考. 关键词： 远红外反射镜 反射率 相位     

1.5-microm monolithic GaInNAs semiconductor saturable-absorber mode locking of an erbium fiber laser

We present a new monolithic GaAs-based semiconductor saturable absorber operating at 1.55 microm. An epitaxially grown absorber mirror in a GaInNAs/GaAs material system was successfully used to mode lock an erbium-doped fiber laser. The GaInNAs material system possesses intriguing physical properties and provides great potential for lasers and nonlinear optical devices operating at the 1.3-1.55-microm wavelength range.     

基于长余辉材料的激光书写和显示

本文给出了长余辉材料一个新的用途,研制了一台以长余辉材料为屏幕的激光书写显示装置,可以人为控制激光笔在余辉材料上随意书写文字、画图并显示.该装置利用单片机和步进电机控制两组轴镜在不同方向的转动,从自己建立的开源矢量图库中调用相关图片,使激光光束在长余辉材料上进行二维矢量的扫描,完成文字书写和绘图显示.用VASP(Vienna abinitio simulation package)软件计算出长余辉材料Mn(H_2PO_4)_2的能级结构,测试了SrAl_2O_4:Eu~(2+),Dy~(3+)和Mn(H_2PO_4)_2的余辉强度衰减曲线,便于调整样机电机的书写速度,测试了Mn(H_2PO_4)_2的反射谱和拉曼谱,其拉曼峰值在625,769和1049 nm及远红外.通过理论和实验研究,掌握了与相应长余辉材料匹配的激发最佳激光波段.制作样机后得到英文、中文、图像的实时书写和显示结果.本装置犹如一只无形的"笔"在纸上挥舞,流畅书写绘画,书写过程配上音乐颇具观赏性,该装置可应用于商业广告显示、动态标语书写、教学投影辅助设备、舞台效果、新型艺术表现形式等领域.     

ICF驱动系统中新型阵列式镜架的设计研制

 介绍了一种新型伺服反射镜单框镜架结构，它用一点支撑两点调整实现反射镜的两维角度调节。新型伺服反射镜镜架结构具有结构简单、体积小、调整灵敏度高、稳定性好的特点，可在各种角度下使用，并可以用多个单元组成阵列式伺服反射镜、阵列腔镜。这种新型伺服反射镜及相应的阵列式伺服反射镜、阵列腔镜适用于大型ICF驱动器。     

Thermo-optically driven adaptive mirror for laser applications

An adaptive mirror is investigated that is based on the deformation of the reflective surface due to thermal expansion of an underlying material that can be locally heated with an external light source. The mirror is made from a glass plate coated with a 1-mm-thick layer of a material with a large thermal expansion coefficient that was finally sputter coated with a thin gold film. The adaptive mirror is thermo-optically heated with an incandescent lamp. To generate the desired temperature pattern an aperture mask is used. The deformation of the adaptive mirror is measured with a Michelson interferometer. It is shown that the spatial resolution and amplitude of the deformation are sufficient for the application as an adaptive mirror. As a possible application the suitability of this mirror type as part of a laser resonator to generate a super-Gaussian mode is discussed. PACS 42.60.Jf; 42.60.By; 42.79.-e     

基于动力学性能的超高速摄影仪转镜的设计

为探索超高速摄影仪转镜的设计,提出了系统性的转镜动力学性能设计理论和方法。结合静力学和动力学理论,利用有限元分析软件对初始设计的转镜进行静强度、模态、谐响应、固有频率灵敏度进行数值分析,并对数值分析结果进行试验验证,根据分析结果反复修改相应的转镜的结构尺寸并设计新的转镜,对新设计的转镜进行交变力疲劳分析和试验。结果发现,初始设计转镜的最大应力小于转镜材料的屈服强度,转镜不会出现静强度失效;转镜一阶临界转速落在工作转速以内,其动力学特性不满足要求;镜体外接圆半径与转镜的固有频率负相关且相关程度最高;新转镜的一阶固有频率从459.4 Hz增大到713.6 Hz,变化率55.3%,转镜的一阶临界转速达到42 816 r/min,成功地避开了共振点,且疲劳强度满足设计要求。     

Quantum noise in the mirror–field system: A field theoretic approach

We revisit the quantum noise problem in the mirror–field system by a field-theoretic approach. Here a perfectly reflecting mirror is illuminated by a single-mode coherent state of the massless scalar field. The associated radiation pressure is described by a surface integral of the stress-tensor of the field. The read-out field is measured by a monopole detector, from which the effective distance between the detector and mirror can be obtained. In the slow-motion limit of the mirror, this field-theoretic approach allows to identify various sources of quantum noise that all in all leads to uncertainty of the read-out measurement. In addition to well-known sources from shot noise and radiation pressure fluctuations, a new source of noise is found from field fluctuations modified by the mirror’s displacement. Correlation between different sources of noise can be established in the read-out measurement as the consequence of interference between the incident field and the field reflected off the mirror. In the case of negative correlation, we found that the uncertainty can be lowered than the value predicted by the standard quantum limit. Since the particle-number approach is often used in quantum optics, we compared results obtained by both approaches and examine its validity. We also derive a Langevin equation that describes the stochastic dynamics of the mirror. The underlying fluctuation–dissipation relation is briefly mentioned. Finally we discuss the backreaction induced by the radiation pressure. It will alter the mean displacement of the mirror, but we argue this backreaction can be ignored for a slowly moving mirror.     

Broken time reversal of light interaction with planar chiral nanostructures

We report unambiguous experimental evidence of broken time-reversal symmetry for the interaction of light with an artificial nonmagnetic material. Polarized color images of planar chiral gold-on-silicon nanostructures consisting of arrays of gammadions show intriguing and unusual symmetry: structures, which are geometrically mirror images, lose their mirror symmetry in polarized light. The symmetry of images can be described only in terms of antisymmetry (black-and-white symmetry) appropriate to a time-odd process. The effect results from a transverse chiral nonlocal electromagnetic response of the structure and has some striking resemblance with the expected features of light scattering on anyon matter.     

Design of multi-mirror optics for industrial extreme ultraviolet lithography

We develop a new method for multi-mirror optics design. The system includes several mirror groups that will be designed separately to fulfil the designer’s needs. The elements of individual mirror group are all spherical mirrors. The radii and separations of the all spherical mirror groups can be calculated by three conditions: the pupil-stop condition, the non-obstruction condition and the conjugate condition. The connected mirror groups could be optimized as a whole optics by gradual optimization process, and the final optics includes high order aspheric mirrors. The all sphere structure design method is effective to reduce the load of calculation and evaluation of the configurations. The gradual optimization method can help the objective achieve high imaging performance smoothly. Finally we got a NA 0.3 EUVL objective, and the mean wavefront error of 0:0287λ (RMS) is reached.     

Reflection of cold atoms by a cobalt single crystal

We have demonstrated that a cobalt single crystal can be used to make a remarkably smooth retro-reflector for cold paramagnetic atoms. The crystal is cut so that its surface lies in the (0001) plane and the atoms are reflected by the magnetic field above the surface due to the self-organized pattern of magnetic domains in the material. We find that the reflectivity for suitably polarized atoms exceeds 90% and may well be unity. We use the angular spread of a reflected atom cloud to measure the roughness of the mirror. We find that the angular variation of the equivalent hard reflecting surface is (3.1±0.3°)rms for atoms dropped onto the mirror from a height of 2 cm. Received: 29 November 1999 / Revised version: 24 February 2000 / Published online: 5 April 2000     

射流式水冷镜结构优化设计

 分析了影响射流式水冷镜形变的各种因素,利用ANSYS有限元分析软件,对各项结构参数对镜体形变的影响进行了数值模拟,探索出射流式水冷镜结构设计的一般规律,得到了镜体结构的优化设计方案。数值结果表明：在镜体直径80 mm、镜面净吸收功率100 W、光斑直径25 mm、使用硅作为镜体材料的情况下,射流式水冷镜镜面最大形变可低至0.07 μm,明显优于其它类型的水冷镜。     

Current density in a perfect mirror

Electromagnetic radiation incident upon a perfect mirror induces a current density on the surface of the conducting material of the mirror. It is shown that this surface current density can be expressed directly in terms of the source current density, which generates the incident field, without evaluating the electric and magnetic fields first.