压电材料V型切口端电弹场奇异性的实验研究

考虑了由电场和应力集中而引发的压电材料切口端的奇异性问题。通过云纹干涉法测量机电耦合载荷作用下三点弯试验中V形切口尖端的变形场,并利用该结果近似确定切口尖端的占主导地位的奇异性指数。结果表明:正电场使切口张开,切口端的奇异性指数随着切口角度的增大而下降。该结果与有限元法的计算结果定性相符,说明云纹干涉法能够用于判断切口端奇异性状况。     

含切口损伤复合材料层合板拉伸失效行为研究

对含有不同切口损伤的复合材料层合板试件进行了拉伸试验,采用电阻应变计同步测量切口损伤前缘区域随载荷的变化,测定含切口损伤层合板的剩余强度,并讨论了损伤长度和损伤角度对剩余强度的影响规律。建立含切口损伤复合材料层合板有限元模型,分析了含切口损伤复合材料层合板的拉伸失效行为,计算了含切口损伤复合材料层合板的剩余强度,确定了剩余强度与切口损伤状态的关系。计算结果与试验结果具有较好的一致性。     

压电材料反平面切口奇性指数分析

为理解压电材料反平面切口尖端奇异状态,提出了一种切口奇性特征分析法.基于切口根部位移场幂级数渐近展开假设,从应力平衡方程和电荷守恒条件出发,导出了关于压电材料反平面切口奇性指数的特征微分方程组,并将切口的力电学边界条件以及界面协调条件表达为奇性指数和特征角函数的组合.从而,压电材料切口反平面奇性指数的计算被转化为相应边界条件下常微分方程组特征值的求解问题,采用插值矩阵法可以计算出各阶奇性指数和相应的特征角函数.该法既适合裂纹奇性分析,也可用于单、双材料切口的奇性计算,并避免了用迭代法求解超越方程的不足.因而具有适应性强的特点.计算发现,压电材料反平面切口存在两个奇性指数,切口的奇异性程度随着开角的增大而增强.     

V形切口的断裂研究

对Ｃａｒｐｅｎｔｅｒ的求解Ｖ形切口应力强度因子的围线积分法作改进，提高了计算精度，减少了计算工作量，在大量有限元计算数据的基础上，本文拟合了远场拉伸单边和双边Ｖ形切口板应力强度因子的计算公式。进一步，结合文献（４）所提出的Ｖ形切口断裂准则，可以方便地对切口试件的断裂载荷进行预测。     

V形切口问题应力强度因子的计算

本文讨论了V形切口问题的特征方程实根数与切口角度的关系;用边界配置法求得了四点剪切V形切口梁复合型应力强度因子的系列结果,并得到了计算K_Ⅰ,K_Ⅱ的经验公式;提出了用边界元法结合边界配置法以及用Muskhelishvili复应力函数法计算V形切口问题应力强度因子的方法,成功地计算了无限域中方孔凹角处的应力强度因子。     

切口端部弹塑性应变场的测试与比较

研究含切口部件的应力集中现象具有一定的工程价值,本文采用基于电子散斑干涉(ESPI)技术的Q100系统测试板材切口端部的位移场和应变场,同时采用弹塑性有限元方法予以分析;应变场ESPI试验结果反映了切口端部的应变局域化现象,横向和轴向应变的ESPI测试结果和计算结果变化规律一致,但有限元计算的切口端部应变分量变化梯度更大.     

一种复合材料旋翼桨叶结构大变形分析方法的改进及验证

提出了一种适用于直升机旋翼复合材料桨叶大变形分析的改进方法。将旋翼桨叶变形分析分解为一维非线性分析和二维剖面特性分析,并考虑横向剪切、翘曲对剖面刚度及弹性耦合的影响;为使方法适用于旋翼气动弹性分析,将应变能中的广义应变用参考轴线处的弹性运动表示,保留所有非线性项,推导出计算复合材料桨叶大变形的公式;采用有限元法处理方程,对梁结构进行了分析,并将大变形状态下的位移计算结果与Princeton梁实验值、Minguet复合材料梁实验值以及中等变形梁理论计算结果进行了比较,验证了大变形状态下本文计算方法的正确性;此外与中等变形梁模型计算结果的对比,验证了本文方法在计算精度上的提高。     

基于有限变形理论的数值流形方法研究简

原有数值流形方法通过积累每一时步的小变形而得到结构最终的大变形,然而,当结构发生大变形、大转动时往往产生较大计算误差. 针对该问题,从动量守恒方程以及应力边界条件的积分弱形式出发,引入流形方法的插值函数,建立了基于有限变形理论的数值流形方法. 通过对比改进前后流形方法的计算迭代格式,指出了原有流形方法计算大变形问题时的误差来源. 最后,通过大变形悬臂梁和旋转块体算例对有限变形流形方法进行了验证. 数值结果表明,改进后的流形方法能够很好地处理大变形大转动问题,消除了转动所带来的计算误差,其计算结果与解析解及ABAQUS 软件求得的数值解相吻合.     

基于有限变形理论的数值流形方法研究

原有数值流形方法通过积累每一时步的小变形而得到结构最终的大变形,然而,当结构发生大变形、大转动时往往产生较大计算误差. 针对该问题,从动量守恒方程以及应力边界条件的积分弱形式出发,引入流形方法的插值函数,建立了基于有限变形理论的数值流形方法. 通过对比改进前后流形方法的计算迭代格式,指出了原有流形方法计算大变形问题时的误差来源. 最后,通过大变形悬臂梁和旋转块体算例对有限变形流形方法进行了验证. 数值结果表明,改进后的流形方法能够很好地处理大变形大转动问题,消除了转动所带来的计算误差,其计算结果与解析解及ABAQUS 软件求得的数值解相吻合.      

考虑刀盘影响的饱和土盾构对地层干扰分析

为深入研究盾构施工过程中饱和土所受扰动问题,在已有研究的基础上,使用Biot固结方程变换求解得出的土体初始位移解和超孔隙水压力解,经坐标变换,推导了包括面板式刀盘与辐条式刀盘在内的,刀盘正面摩擦力和刀盘侧面摩擦力引起饱和土体竖向变形与孔隙水压力值解析式,对引起土体变形各因素进行模拟,并给出了盾构施工引起饱和土竖向总变形与总超静孔隙水压力的表达式。结合工程算例进行计算模拟,切口附加推力、盾壳摩擦力、土体损失的沉降曲线在垂直于盾构推进方向上对称分布,最大值集中在盾构轴线正上方。盾构刀盘正面与侧面摩擦力对地表盾构轴线两侧产生非对称变形,在盾构轴线正上方的地表处刀盘因素对地表变形基本无影响。两类刀盘对地表变形影响区别不大,辐条式刀盘在刀盘所处断面处引起隧道周围孔隙水压力的响应较为明显,沿盾构方向衰减也较快。     

A higher order model for thin-walled structures with deformable cross-sections

A higher order model for the analysis of linear, prismatic thin-walled structures that considers the cross-section warping together with the cross-section in-plane flexural deformation is presented in this paper. The use of a one-dimentional model for the analysis of thin-walled structures, which have an inherent complex three-dimensional (3D) behaviour, can only be successful and competitive when compared with shell finite element models if it fulfills a twofold objective: (i) an enrichment of the model in order to as accurately as possible reproduce its 3D elasticity equations and (ii) the definition of a consistent criterion for uncoupling the beam equations, allowing to identify structural deformation modes.The displacement field is approximated through a linear combination of products between a set of linear independent functions defined over the cross-section and the associated weights only dependent on the beam axis; this approximation is not constrained by any ab initio kinematic assumptions. Towards an efficient application of the approximation procedure, the cross-section is discretized into thin-walled elements, being the displacement field approximated for each element independently of the displacement direction. The approximation is thus hp refined enhancing the “capture” of the 3D structural mechanics of thin-walled structures. The beam model governing equations are obtained through the integration over the cross-section of the corresponding elasticity equations weighted by the cross-section global approximation functions.A criterion for uncoupling the beam governing equations is established, allowing to (i) retrieve the classic equations of the thin-walled beam theory both for open and closed sections and (ii) derive a set of uncoupled deformation modes representing higher order effects. The criterion is based on the solution of the polynomial eigenvalue problem associated with the beam differential equations, allowing to quantify the Saint-Venant principle for thin-walled structures. In fact, the solution of the non linear eigenvalue problem yields a twelve fold null eigenvalue (representing polynomial solutions) that are verified to represent beam classic solutions and sets of pairs and quadruplets of non-null eigenvalues corresponding to higher order modes of deformation.     

Research note on evaluation of the plastic deformation of beams under transverse impact

The permanent deformation of a rigid perfectly plastic beam subjected to a time-dependent line load is calculated. The beam has finite length, and the load is applied transversely in the middle of the span. At the initial time, the load is zero. Thereafter, the load has a triangular time dependence. For sufficiently large values of the peak load, static and moving plastic hinges appear, and the beam is subjected to plastic bending. Previous studies of this problem have provided a numerical solution of a system of approximate equations. In this article, a numerical solution of the system of exact equations is provided. The numerical results represent a significant improvement over those that were previously available.     

非线性粘弹性Timoshenko梁动力学行为的分布

本文讨论了有限变形粘弹性Timoshenko梁的动力学行为。首先由Timoshenko梁的理论和分数导数型本构关系给出了梁的控制方程。其次为了便于求解,采用Galerkin方法对系统进行了简化,并比较了1阶和2阶截断系统的动力学性质,它们具有相同的定性性质,说明Galerkin方法的合理性。给出了求解包含分数积分的积分－微分方程的一种新方法,以便求解系统的长时间的解。综合利用非线性动力系统中的经典方法,揭示了梁在有限变形情况下丰富的动力学行为,并分别考察了载荷参数的材料参数对结构的动力学行为的影响。     

Vibration suppression of magnetostrictive laminated beams resting on viscoelastic foundation

The vibration suppression analysis of a simply-supported laminated composite beam with magnetostrictive layers resting on visco-Pasternak’s foundation is presented.The constant gain distributed controller of the velocity feedback is utilized for the purpose of vibration damping.The formulation of displacement field is proposed according to Euler-Bernoulli’s classical beam theory(ECBT),Timoshenko’s first-order beam theory(TFBT),Reddy’s third-order shear deformation beam theory,and the simple sinu...     

Dynamic plastic response of beams resting on fluid

This paper considers the two-dimensional problem of a wide rigid ideally-plastic simply-supported beam resting on a semi-infinite pool of potential fluid. It is demonstrated that the problem reduces to determination of the apparent (added, virtual) mass of fluid reflecting inertial characteristics of the fluid resisting deformation. Using the theory of dual integral equations an especially simple closed form solution for the apparent mass is derived enabling solution of this practically significant problem.     

A nonlinear planar beam formulation with stretch and shear deformations under end forces and moments

A new nonlinear planar beam formulation with stretch and shear deformations is developed in this work to study equilibria of a beam under arbitrary end forces and moments. The slope angle and stretch strain of the centroid line, and shear strain of cross-sections, are chosen as dependent variables in this formulation, and end forces and moments can be either prescribed or resultant forces and moments due to constraints. Static equations of equilibria are derived from the principle of virtual work, which consist of one second-order ordinary differential equation and two algebraic equations. These equations are discretized using the finite difference method, and equilibria of the beam can be accurately calculated. For practical, geometrically nonlinear beam problems, stretch and shear strains are usually small, and a good approximate solution of the equations can be derived from the solution of the corresponding Euler–Bernoulli beam problem. The bending deformation of the beam is the only important one in a slender beam, and stretch and shear strains can be derived from it, which give a theoretical validation of the accuracy and applicability of the nonlinear Euler–Bernoulli beam formulation. Relations between end forces and moments and relative displacements of two ends of the beam can be easily calculated. This formulation is powerful in the study of buckling of beams with various boundary conditions under compression, and can be used to calculate post-buckling equilibria of beams. Higher-order buckling modes of a long slender beam that have complex configurations are also studied using this formulation.     

A shearable and thickness stretchable finite strain beam model for soft structures

Soft materials and structures have recently attracted lots of research interests as they provide paramount potential applications in diverse fields including soft robotics, wearable devices, stretchable electronics and biomedical engineering. In a previous work, an Euler–Bernoulli finite strain beam model with thickness stretching effect was proposed for soft thin structures subject to stiff constraint in the width direction. By extending that model to account for the transverse shear effect, a Timoshenko-type finite strain beam model within the plane-strain context is developed in the present work. With some kinematic hypotheses, the finite deformation of the beam is analyzed, constitutive equations are deduced from the theory of finite elasticity, and by employing the standard variational method, the equilibrium equations and associated boundary conditions are derived. In the limit of infinitesimal strain, the new model degenerates to the classical extensible and shearable elastica model. The corresponding incremental equilibrium equations and associated boundary conditions are also obtained. Based on the new beam model, analytical solutions are given for simple deformation modes, including uniaxial tension, simple shear, pure bending, and buckling under an axial load. Furthermore, numerical solution procedures and results are presented for cantilevered beams and simply supported beams with immovable ends. The results are also compared with the previously developed finite strain Euler–Bernoulli beam model to demonstrate the significance of transverse shear effect for soft beams with a small length-to-thickness ratio. The developed beam model will contribute to the design and analysis of soft robots and soft devices.     

基于剪切变形的矩形梁剪力滞求解方法

Timoshenko梁通过假设截面的剪切刚度和附加平均剪切转角变形的方式来近似修正初等梁中未考虑剪切变形能的问题,这与梁剪应力沿梁高变化的实际不符。本文基于材料力学剪应力计算式和相应的剪切变形理论,从剪切变形与梁的位移关系入手,导出矩形梁考虑剪切变形时的纵向位移沿梁高方向的函数关系式,证明该位移可分解为纯弯曲引起的位移和剪力引起的剪力滞翘曲位移之和。应用剪力滞广义坐标与广义力的概念,基于能量变分原理得到等截面梁剪力滞控制微分方程组及其通解形式。对均布荷载作用下矩形简支梁的算例分析表明,本文算法与弹性力学精确解对比,两者的应力和挠度剪力滞系数求解结果非常接近,本文算法有足够的精度,且比弹性力学简单。     

旋转楔形-回形梁的高次动力学建模和末端变形分析

对四种不同结构中心刚体-柔性Euler Bernoulli梁系统进行刚柔耦合动力学分析．其中以等截面梁、变截面梁、等截面回形梁、变截面回形梁为对象,研究楔形梁及回形梁对系统的末端变形位移影响．变截面梁的宽高尺寸沿着轴向线性变化．梁的变形包含了轴向、横向、耦合变形项（横向弯曲引起的纵向缩短）．采用假设模态法和第二类Lagrange方程建立系统的动力学方程,并用C++编写软件进行动力学仿真．研究表明：在相同条件下,梁的截面尺寸及空心部分对梁末端变形位移影响十分明显,且当梁在较大变形情况下,该高次耦合模型依然能得到正确的结果,因此在针对实际结构建模时,建立符合实际截面的模型至关重要．