新型氨基甲酸乙酯人工抗原的分析表征方法研究

采用1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺方法合成氨基甲酸乙酯(Ethyl carbamate,EC)新型人工抗原.将衰减全反射红外光谱法(ATR-FTIR)应用于人工合成抗原的表征分析,并结合荧光光谱分析EC人工抗原的偶联效果以及载体蛋白质分子的二级结构变化;通过质谱结合紫外光谱、电泳方法进行人工抗原的系统表征,计算新型人工抗原中半抗原分子与载体蛋白质分子的偶联比.结果表明:合成路线合理,成功获得了氨基甲酸乙酯新型人工抗原.人工抗原分子的α-螺旋、β-折叠和β-转角结构与载体蛋白质分子相比含量发生变化,人工抗原的荧光相图满足线性型态变迁关系,符合“二态模型”.氨基甲酸乙酯人工抗原分析表征的红外衰减全反射方法、基质辅助激光解析飞行时间质谱法获得的检测结果与其它光谱方法、电泳方法表征结果一致,获得人工抗原的偶联比为15∶1～19∶1,EC新型人工抗原免疫小鼠抗血清的效价为1∶25600.     

醚型菊酯类农药通用抗原的合成及鉴定

以2-(4-乙氧基苯基)-2-甲基丙醇和氯乙酸钠为原料,合成了醚型菊酯类农药通用半抗原Hapten I,经1 H-NMR及13C-NMR鉴定后,分别与牛血清蛋白(BSA)和卵清白蛋白(OVA)偶联,制得免疫原和包被原,经紫外光谱分析法计算得其偶联比分别为14∶1和35∶1,说明人工抗原合成成功.免疫Balb/c小鼠制备多克隆抗体,效价达1.28×105,用半抗原经间接竞争ELISA检测人工抗原的免疫原性,IC50和IC10值分别为0.2653和0.0012 mg/L,证明人工抗原具有较好的免疫原性.交叉反应表明此多克隆抗体具有良好的特异性.     

邻羟基萘甲醛缩对二甲氨基苯甲酰腙的合成及其对锌离子的识别

设计并合成了用于识别锌离子的荧光传感分子——2-羟基-1-萘甲醛缩-4-二甲氨基苯甲酰腙(1),其结构经1H NMR,IR和MS表征。利用荧光光谱研究了在乙腈中1对过渡金属离子(Zn2+,Cd2+,Cu2+,Hg2+,Pb2+和N i2+)的识别能力。结果表明:1表现出对Zn2+的良好选择性,Zn2+的加入导致1的长波长荧光增强449倍。Job曲线确定1与Zn2+形成1∶1型配合物。     

2-氨基-5-(对二甲氨基)苯基-1,3,4-噻二唑: Hg2+的选择性荧光传感分子

设计合成了结构简单的分子内电荷转移荧光传感分子1,3,4-噻二唑类衍生物(1), 实现了水-乙醇(体积比1∶9)混合溶剂中Hg2+的荧光猝灭型选择性灵敏传感, 荧光猝灭常数达5.5×105 mol-1·L, Hg2+线性响应范围为5.0×10-6～5.0×10-5mol/L. 基于等摩尔连续变化法、红外光谱和核磁滴定实验结果提出了传感分子1与Hg2+的1∶1型结合模式, 其中1-位S原子和2-位胺N原子为Hg2+配位原子; 结合光谱变化讨论了Hg2+结合显著增强分子内电荷转移的荧光猝灭机理.     

玉米赤霉烯酮人工抗原的合成以及抗体的制备

制备了玉米赤霉烯酮人工抗原,并且制备抗血清,为进一步建立酶联免疫分析方法奠定基础.应用活泼酯法和混合酸酐法分别合成人工免疫原和人工检测原,进行动物免疫获得抗血清.结果表明,经紫外吸收、红外光谱、荧光光谱和酶联免疫方法验证人工抗原合成成功,玉米赤霉烯酮-牛血清白蛋白、玉米赤霉烯酮-卵清蛋白偶联比分别为12:1和8:1,抗...     

水相合成荧光纳米晶与碱性蛋白酶的偶联及纯化

利用水相中合成的巯基丙酸包覆的Cd Te荧光纳米晶与碱性蛋白酶(Alcalase)进行偶联标记.荧光光谱分析表明,Cd Te纳米晶体具有较窄的粒度分布和较高的光稳定性,室温下30 d时荧光强度降低8.36%.透射电子显微镜结果显示,Cd Te纳米晶的直径约为3 nm;X射线衍射结果表明,Ce Te纳米晶具有闪锌矿结构.利用1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC)和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺磺酸钠盐(NHSS)偶联方法将Cd Te纳米晶与Alcalase进行偶联,通过超滤离心、凝胶柱层析及凝胶电泳技术对偶联后的Cd Te-Alcalase进行分离和纯化.荧光光谱显示偶联产物具有很好的光稳定性和较高的酶活力(61.06 U/μg).在荧光显微镜下可观察到标记蛋白的荧光,为研究酶反应的示踪及酶的构效关系等提供了实验基础.     

CdS量子点制备与单增李斯特菌抗体偶联的研究

以CdCl2和Na2S为原料,以巯基乙酸为稳定剂,采取水相合成方法制备了CdS量子点.结果表明,合成CdS量子点最佳条件是:作用时间3 h,[Cd2+]: [S2-]为2: 1, 50 μL稳定剂,pH 8.0,反应温度30 ℃.通过EDC · HCl和NHS的作用,成功地将单增李斯特菌抗体IgG与CdS量子点偶联.偶联后的IgG-CdS荧光强度显著增强,为偶联前的4倍.血清凝集反应和直接免疫荧光实验证明,偶联CdS量子点的单增李斯特菌抗体的特性没有发生变化,在荧光显微镜下可快速灵敏地检测出单增李斯特菌.本方法特异性强、稳定性和重复性高,可用于食品中致病菌的快速检测.     

新型萘基修饰四硫富瓦烯衍生物的合成及性质研究

在K2CO3存在下,对甲基苯磺酸酯四硫富瓦烯衍生物1和2-萘硫酚反应合成了新型萘基修饰的四硫富瓦烯衍生物2,并借助核磁、质谱、红外、元素分析等测试手段进行了结构表征.循环伏安法研究表明化合物2对Zn2+和Cd2+有电化学响应.荧光滴定实验表明,加入所测的金属离子,化合物2的荧光增强,且Zn2+和Cd2+离子引起的荧光增强较为显著.因此,化合物2可以作为电化学和荧光双重信号检测Zn2+和Cd2+的离子传感器.     

一种基于DPA识别基团的可视化检测锌离子的荧光增强型探针

以N,N-二(2-吡啶甲基)胺(DPA)为识别基团,设计合成了一种用于检测Zn2+的荧光增强型探针WN,在CH3CH2OH/TrisHCl(1∶9,V/V,pH=7.4)缓冲溶液中研究了它对Zn2+的识别特性。实验结果表明,WN对Zn2+有较高的选择性和灵敏度,它们之间的结合比为1∶1,对Zn2+的检出限为1.14×10-8 mol·L-1。WN能够快速地可视化检测Zn2+,在HeLa活细胞中对Zn2+的荧光显微成像表明WN可应用于生物体的检测。     

菲咯啉衍生物及其配合物的合成

以菲咯啉和邻苯二胺为原料合成了吡啶并[3,2-a ∶ 2',3'-c]吩嗪(dppz);dppz分别与Cd2+, Pd2+配位得到两个配合物Cd(dppz)2Cl2和Pd(dppz)2Cl2,其结构经UV, 1H NMR, IR和荧光光谱表征.     

Investigation of nitroxoline-human serum albumin interactions by spectroscopic methods

Nitroxoline is a wide spectrum antibacterial and is one of the most important urinary antiseptics.The interaction between nitroxoline and human serum albumin(HSA)has been investigated systematically by fluorescence spectroscopy,synchronous fluorescence,three-dimensional fluorescence,CD spectroscopy and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy.The results indicated that the quenching of HSA by nitroxoline was static.The corresponding thermodynamic parameters △H,△S and △G calculated according to van’t Hoff equation revealed that the intermolecular forces acting between nitroxoline and HSA were mainly hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces.The conformational changes in the interaction were studied by synchronous fluorescence,CD spectroscopy and three-dimensional fluorescence spectra which showed changes in the microenvironment and conformation of HSA.     

Tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin fluorescence as reporter of human serum albumin structural changes induced by guanidine hydrochloride

The interaction of the drug carrier protein human serum albumin (HSA) with the ionic, free base porphyrin tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (TSPP) was investigated under chemical denaturation conditions using guanidine hydrochloride (Gdn-HCl) in aqueous solution at pH 7 and 2.5. Protein stability was studied by fluorescence spectroscopy using intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence, whereas far-UV circular dichroism gave information regarding conformational changes. Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence as well as extinction and induced visible CD of TSPP were also monitored in the presence of the denaturant.The addition of 1.0 M Gdn-HCl inhibited the FRET process between the sole tryptophan residue of HSA and the porphyrin as inferred by an increase in the intrinsic fluorescence of the former together with a drop in the fluorescence of the latter. Simultaneously, an induced bisignate CD band was detected in the Soret region of TSPP extinction following the changes in the monomer ? aggregate equilibrium of TSPP. The features in the extinction spectra pointed to the formation of J-aggregates at pH = 2.5 and were confirmed by fluorescence lifetime measurements. At pH = 7, no TSPP dimers were detected in the absence of the protein or in the presence of native HSA. However, H-dimers or higher aggregates of TSPP associated to HSA were induced at concentrations of Gdn-HCl below 2 M.The main unfolding transition probed by HSA intrinsic fluorescence took place between 2 and 3 M Gdn-HCl at pH = 7, whereas at pH = 2.5 it was detected only above 2.8 M Gdn-HCl, coinciding with TSPP release into solution which occurs at high denaturant concentration for both pH studied. The results suggest that the chemical unfolding of HSA is a multistep process. The free base porphyrin contributes to an increase in the protein stability, particularly important under acidic conditions, where the protein is known to be in an expanded form in the absence of TSPP.The analysis of TSPP fluorescence fluctuations in the autocorrelation functions obtained using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) in the presence of HSA at different denaturant concentrations showed that the porphyrin only interacts with the native form of the protein.Both fluorescence and circular dichroism data confirmed that in the noncovalent complex HSA–TSPP the free base porphyrin can act as a reporter of the protein structural changes induced either by pH or chemical denaturation.     

Intermolecular interactions in albumin-sulfoxide-water systems at low temperatures, investigated by means of fluorescence quenching

The effect of low temperatures on the interaction in human serum albumin (HSA)-diethyl sulfoxife (DESO)-dipropyl sulfoxide (DPSO)-water systems is investigated by means of fluorescence spectroscopy (intrinsic protein fluorescence, three-dimensional excitation/emission matrix (3D EEM)). The Stern-Volmer constants of HSA quenching are calculated for these systems. The structural changes occurring in these systems are characterized using 3D EEM profiles of HSA. It is shown that the HSA structural changes depend not only on the direct interaction of protein with sulfoxides but on structural changes in the solvent as well.     

Interaction Between Plumbagin and Human Serum Albumin by Fluorescence Spectroscopy

The interaction of plumbagin (PLU) with human serum albumin (HSA) in physiological buffer (pH=7.4) was studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. Results obtained from analysis of the fluorescence spectra indicated that PLU has a strong ability to quench the intrinsic fluorescence of HSA through a static quenching procedure. Fluorescence quenching data revealed that the quenching constants (K) are 4.43×10⁴, 3.26×10⁴ and 1.69×10⁴ L?mol^?1 at 293, 303 and 313 K, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters ΔH° and ΔS° were calculated to be ?36.63 kJ?mol^?1, and ?35.702 J?mol^?1?K^?1 respectively, which suggested that van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonds play a major role in the interaction of PLU with HSA. The distance between donor (HSA) and acceptor (PLU) was calculated to be 3.76 nm based on Förster’s non-radiative energy transfer theory. The results of synchronous fluorescence spectra showed that binding of PLU to HSA can induce conformational changes in HSA.     

Investigation on the interaction between a heterocyclic aminal derivative, SBDC, and human serum albumin

The interaction between a novel promising drug (spiro[(2R,3R,4S)-4-benzyloxy-2,3-isopropylidene-dioxy-1-oxa-cyclopentane-5,5′-(2-benzoylmethylene-1,3-diaza-cyclohexane)] (SBDC)) and human serum albumin (HSA) under physiological conditions has been investigated by using fluorescence, absorption, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopic techniques in combination with protein–ligand docking study. It was observed that SBDC has a strong ability to quench the intrinsic fluorescence of HSA through a static quenching procedure. The association constants of SBDC with HSA were determined at different temperatures based on fluorescence quenching results. The negative ΔH and positive ΔS values in case of SBDC–HSA complex showed that apart from an initial hydrophobic association, both van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonding play a vital role in the binding of SBDC to HSA. The quantitative analysis data of CD spectra showed that the binding of SBDC to HSA induced conformational changes in HSA and the α-helix of 52.1% in free HSA increased to 55.7% in HSA–SBDC complex. The distance between donor (HSA) and acceptor (SBDC) was obtained according to the Förster's theory of non-radiation energy transfer. Data obtained by spectroscopic techniques and protein–ligand docking study suggested that SBDC binds to residues located in subdomain IIA of HSA.     

Multi-spectroscopic and HPLC Studies of the Interaction Between Estradiol and Cyclophosphamide With Human Serum Albumin: Binary and Ternary Systems

Drug resistance is a phenomenon that frequently impairs a proper treatment of infections and cancer with chemotherapy. Multidrug efflux transporters extrude structurally dissimilar organic compounds often providing resistance to multiple toxic chemotherapeutic agents. The quantitative analysis of drug efflux requires measuring the affinity of ligands. In this work, the interaction between cyclophosphamide (Cyc) and estradiol (ES) with human serum albumin (HSA) was studied by fluorescence polarization, circular dichroism and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) under physiological conditions (pH = 7.4). Gradual addition of HSA led to a marked increase in fluorescence polarization. Our assays indicated that the protein was bound to these drugs with different K _d. Also, the Hill coefficient showed a simple drug binding process with no cooperativity. Circular dichroism results revealed the occurrence of conformational changes in HSA molecules by the binding of Cyc and ES. The protein binding of the drug was studied by HPLC. Our results indicated that the drug was bound to the protein and that the presence of a second drug affected the interaction and resistance between the first drug and the protein.     

白杨素与不同构型人血清白蛋白的作用机制

采用多种光谱学手段研究了白杨素(CHR)和不同构型人血清白蛋白(HSA)相互作用的分子机制.研究表明,白杨素能使蛋白质荧光发射峰发生静态淬灭,同时,白杨素的紫外吸收谱带也发生了明显的位移,说明与蛋白质的结合可使白杨素分子中的酚羟基发生解离.蛋白质还可以引起白杨素荧光发射峰强度的明显增强.利用荧光淬灭和荧光增强两种模式计算得到的白杨素和人血清白蛋白在生理条件下(pH 7.4)的结合常数(KA)分别为(9.97±0.24)×104和(9.75±0.11)×104L mol-1,其结合比例为1:1.随着pH值的降低,蛋白质与白杨素的结合常数逐渐减小,这与蛋白质的构型变化有关.根据不同异构体血清蛋白质的结构特征,判定白杨素在蛋白质分子上的结合位置位于IIA亚域的Site I活性位点.结合分子模拟,讨论了白杨素与蛋白质分子的结合机制.     

Investigating the interaction of juglone (5-hydroxy-1, 4-naphthoquinone) with serum albumins using spectroscopic and in silico methods

The interaction between juglone at the concentration range of 10–110 µM and bovine serum albumin (BSA) or human serum albumin (HSA) at the constant concentration of 11 µM was investigated by fluorescence and UV absorption spectroscopy under physiological-like condition. Performing the experiments at different temperatures showed that the fluorescence intensity of BSA/HSA was decreased in the presence of juglone by a static quenching mechanism due to the formation of the juglone–protein complex. The binding constant for the interaction was in the order of 10³ M^?1, and the number of binding sites for juglone on serum albumins was determined to be equal to one. The thermodynamic parameters including enthalpy (ΔH), entropy (ΔS) and Gibb’s free energy (ΔG) changes were obtained by using the van’t Hoff equation. These results indicated that van der Waals force and hydrogen bonding were the main intermolecular forces stabilizing the complex in a spontaneous association reaction. Moreover, the interaction of BSA/HSA with juglone was verified by UV absorption spectra and molecular docking. The results of synchronous fluorescence, UV–visible and CD spectra demonstrated that the binding of juglone with BSA/HSA induces minimum conformational changes in the structure of albumins. The increased binding affinity of juglone to albumin observed in the presence of site markers (digoxin and ibuprofen) excludes IIA and IIIA sites as the binding site of juglone. This is partially in agreement with the results of molecular docking studies which suggests sub-domain IA of albumin as the binding site.     

Identification of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl binding affinity and binding site subdomain IIA in human serum albumin by spectroscopic methods

Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (PY) is a sulfonylurea herbicide developed by DuPont which has been widely used for weed control in cereals. The determination of PY binding affinity and binding site in human serum albumin (HSA) by spectroscopic methods is the subject of this work. From the fluorescence emission, circular dichroism and three-dimensional fluorescence results, the interaction of PY with HSA caused secondary structure changes in the protein. Fluorescence data demonstrated that the quenching of HSA fluorescence by PY was the result of the formation of HSA–PY complex at 1:1 molar ratio, a static mechanism was confirmed to lead to the fluorescence quenching. Hydrophobic probe 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid (ANS) displacement results show that hydrophobic patches are the major sites for PY binding on HSA. The thermodynamic parameters ΔH° and ΔS° were calculated to be ?36.32 kJ mol^?1 and ?35.91 J mol^?1 K^?1, which illustrated van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds interactions were the dominant intermolecular force in stabilizing the complex. Also, site marker competitive experiments showed that the binding of PY to HSA took place primarily in subdomain IIA (Sudlow's site I). What presented in this paper binding research enriches our knowledge of the interaction between sulfonylurea herbicides and the physiologically important protein HSA.     

嘧啶衍生物与人血清白蛋白的相互作用

在模拟生理条件下,运用荧光光谱、激光闪光光解(LFP)和分子对接等技术研究了8种具有抗肿瘤活性的嘧啶衍生物(PDs,其中PDs A 5-FU为成药,PDs B-H为实验室自制)与人血清白蛋白(HSA)的相互作用.利用Stern-Volmer方程和激光闪光光解技术分析了PDs对HSA的荧光猝灭机制,PDs A和B为静态猝灭,PDs G和H为动态猝灭.用双倒数曲线法得出5种PDs与HSA的结合常数Ka和结合位点数n,在测定条件下5种PDs与载体结合位点数均为1,且均以弱结合力结合,通过热力学参数ΔH,ΔS和ΔG推测出PDs B,C和E与HSA之间的作用力为静电作用力和疏水作用力,PDs A和D与HSA之间的作用力是氢键和范德华力,分子对接结果与其一致.根据F9rster非辐射能量转移理论(FRET)分析了HSA和PDs之间的结合距离(r),其结果均小于4 nm,符合能量转移理论.进一步利用同步荧光、三维荧光和圆二色光谱考察了PDs与HSA结合过程中HSA空间构象的变化,结果显示,仅PDs A和C对HSA的芳香族氨基酸周围的疏水性略有增强作用.体外实验结果表明,HSA可以作为优良的载体来运输和储存PDs A~E,这为嘧啶衍生物的后续研究提供了可参考的实验数据.