基于复杂网络的黏性土颗粒边坡堆积体失稳研究

对颗粒边坡堆积体模型在金属板向下持续作用时的失稳破坏过程进行了颗粒离散元模拟,得出了二维边坡堆积体土颗粒速度总矢量、边坡堆积体失稳破坏时滑移开裂面的角度以及边坡堆积体坡顶y方向的平均速度等宏观响应过程.构建了自然堆积下边坡堆积体颗粒的法向力链无向网络模型,研究其滑移面出现的位置,并与实验结果做对比.最后,用复杂网络方法对边坡堆积体坡顶颗粒接触力链网络的拓扑特征进行了分析,得到平均度、簇聚系数和平均最短路径在边坡堆积体失稳过程中的演化规律,并结合强度折减法验证其准确性.研究结果表明,平均最短路径可以对边坡堆积体失稳破坏进行较为有效的预警.采用复杂网络理论研究边坡堆积体宏观响应与其力链网络介观结构之间的相互关系,为边坡失稳研究提供了一种全新的数学分析方法.     

并罐式无钟炉顶装料行为的离散元模拟及实验研究

通过离散元模拟和物理实验相结合的方法研究了并罐式无钟炉顶装料过程中颗粒的流动行为.结果表明:DEM模拟能很好地再现实验结果;料罐内部颗粒间力的分布不均匀,强力链主要分布在料罐下部和斜墙附近;料罐内颗粒流动为偏斜式漏斗流,可分为准呆滞区、流动加速区、两侧墙壁附近的剪切层,料罐内颗粒流动模式影响着颗粒的排放顺序,并进一步影响颗粒的下落轨迹及其在炉内的分布;颗粒流动轨迹受料罐出口闸门开度的影响,为保证稳定布料,应将闸门开度控制在合理的范围内;颗粒堆积过程中,堆尖位置随着料流落点位置而变化,堆尖半径大于落点半径.     

颗粒土中剪切带临界状态数学描述及其完全解

为正确模拟土体涉及剪切带演化的后失效力学响应,需采用包含细观特征长度的高阶连续介质力学模型.笔者利用前期所建立的微极亚塑性模型,对颗粒土中剪切带的发展过程进行了分析推导,得到了剪切带临界状态条件下关键变量所满足的非线性微分方程.该文展示了上述非线性微分方程的简要推导,重点讨论了该非线性微分方程的主要性质、主要参数变化范围和求解途径;通过对剪切带进一步的力学分析补充建立了一个能量方程,使问题具有确定解.在此基础上,应用数值积分求出了剪切带厚度因子和剪切内应力、变形率分布及剪切速度分布的完全解.其中剪切带厚度因子对于微极亚塑性模型细观参数的确定具有重要作用.     

无约束平面框架结构冲击响应分析(Ⅱ)——数值算例分析

利用第(Ⅰ)部分推得的公式,对一无约束平面框架结构受运动刚体冲击时的瞬态响应进行了数值计算分析．计算了结构与运动刚体之间的冲击力时程曲线、梁中的剪力及弯矩分布、轴力杆件中的轴力分布．分析了杆中的纵波、Timoshenko梁中弯曲波及剪切波的传播现象．数值分析表明:冲击力的延续时间主要是由挠曲波及纵波控制的;在结构的冲击响应分析中,梁的剪切效应不容忽略．     

基于有限元的金属基短纤维复合材料MMC的一种统计蠕变模型

在有限元分析的基础上建立了一个单向应力状态下金属基短纤维复合材料(MMC)的统计蠕变模型.首先建立细胞模型并进行有限元分析,得到了单向应力状态下材料细观尺寸及载荷方向对宏观蠕变响应的影响规律.通过在细胞模型中增加一界面层(考虑材料特性和厚度)来研究基体和纤维的界面对MMC宏观蠕变响应的影响.基于细胞模型的数值结果,提出了一适用于纤维平面随机分布的随机统计模型,该模型考虑了纤维的断裂.通过试验获得纤维的统计分布规律.分析结果表明随机统计模型可以满意地描述试验结果.进一步讨论了材料细观尺寸,纤维的断裂特性以及界面层的材料特性和厚度对MMC宏观蠕变响应的影响.     

两球形颗粒间横向毛细力的格子Boltzmann研究

采用以Shan-Chen多组分模型为基础的格子Boltzmann-伪固体模型对两颗粒间的浮体和浸润横向毛细力展开数值模拟研究,其中流体-固体间的相互作用及颗粒润湿性质在介观层次上采用简单形式得以充分考虑．三维测试表明,与已有理论解相比,成功再现了横向毛细力与颗粒间距的“1/L”关系,并确认了浸润横向毛细力与表面张力间的线性关系．这表明可进一步应用该模型研究横向毛细力作用下的颗粒自聚集等现象.     

考虑高阶横向剪切正交各向异性板非线性弯曲的微分求积分析

采用微分求积方法（DQ方法）讨论了计及高阶横向剪切的正交各向异性弹性板的非线性弯曲问题．导出了非线性控制方程的DQ形式,利用推广的DQWB技巧处理了高阶矩的边界条件．进一步推广并运用新的分析技术简化了非线性方程的计算．为说明该方法的可靠性和有效性,将考虑剪切变形及不计剪切变形的薄板的数值结果与三维弹性解析解及其它数值解进行了比较,同时研究了数值结果的收敛性,并考察了不同的节点分布对收敛速度的影响A·D2还考察了几何、材料参数及横向剪切效应对正交各向异性板非线性弯曲的影响．分析结果表明横向剪切效应对正交各向异性中厚板的影响是显著的．     

功能梯度材料有限宽板的反平面断裂问题研究

研究了功能梯度材料有限宽板中与板边平行的III型裂纹问题．假设材料的剪切模量沿板宽度方向呈指数规律变化,利用Fourier变换将问题描述为奇异积分方程,并进一步将未知的位错密度函数表示为Chebyshev多项式的级数式,从而将奇异积分方程化为线性代数方程组进行配点数值求解．基于数值结果,讨论了材料非均匀性参数、板和裂纹的几何参数等对应力强度因子（SIF）的影响．研究表明,SIF随裂纹长度的增大而增大,随裂纹所在区域材料刚度的增大而减小;板越窄,SIF对非均匀性参数的变化越敏感,且变化规律也越复杂．随着非均匀性参数的增大,SIF既可能增大也可能减小还可能基本保持不变,这主要取决于板的相对宽度和裂纹的相对位置．当裂纹位于板的中央或当板较宽时,SIF对非均匀性参数的变化都不太敏感．     

复合材料对称层合板单向拉伸与面内剪切下的三维应力分析

本文给出了单向拉伸与面向剪切载荷下复合材料对称层合板中心区域的应力和应变沿板厚的数值计算分布规律。计算结果表明，在斜交对称辅层的层合板中心区域层间界面附近存在着层间边界层效应。层间界面处纤维走向的突变导致局部的三维应力状态和很强的应力集中。     

玻壳成型过程诱导残余应力的数值预测

建立了玻壳压制成型固化过程中残余应力预测的数值模拟模型,采用平行平板间玻璃熔体的固化问题来描述成型过程中残余应力形成的机理,并假定材料为热流变简单粘弹性材料．基于板壳理论,将产品视为平板单元的组合,并采用有限元法来求解,这种方法可以象全三维计算一样一层层地计算残余应力,非常适合复杂形状的薄压制成型产品．最后通过实验比较验证了所提出的模型和方法．     

Stability and instability in adiabatic shearing motions of incompressible fluids

We investigate the effect of temperature dependence of the viscosity on the stability of the adiabatic shearing flows of an incompressible Newtonian viscous fluid between two parallel plates. When the viscosity strongly decreases with temperature, the shearing flow caused by a steady motion of the upper plate (steady shearing) becomes unstable, while the shearing flow caused by a time-dependent body force is found to be stable.     

The plane problem of the extrusion of a viscoplastic medium by parallel plates

A solution of the problem of the plane parallel flow of viscoplastic medium between two parallel plates when they approach (separate) at a specified velocity is given within the framework of the Bingham model in the inertialess thin-layer approximation for arbitrary values of the coefficient of viscosity and the yield stress. Analytic expressions are obtained for the velocity and pressure fields. The boundary of the flow kernel, where the shear stress on the areas of the parallel planes of the plates is less than the yield stress and the component of the velocity, parallel to the plates, does not change in a transverse direction, is determined. A single similarity parameter which defines the kinematic and dynamic flow characteristics is found. For a specified law of motion of the plates, a general expression is obtained for the force acting on plates of finite size in terms of a dimensionless function of a single dimensionless parameter. The law of approach (separation) of the plates under a constant force is found.     

单广义位移的深梁理论和中厚板理论

经典的梁板弯曲理论由于未考虑横向剪切变形的影响而只能适用于细长梁和薄板,传统的多广义位移的深梁理论和中厚板理论由于忽视了转角与挠度之间的内在关系而只能适用于短粗梁和中厚板。这两种理论存在着转角的独立性与不独立性之间的矛盾,因而不相兼容。鉴于此从基本假设出发,既考虑了横向剪切影响,又确定了转角与挠度的关系,导出了单广义位移的深梁理论和中厚板理论,给出了几种简单梁的解析解,并用数值算例验证了这一理论的适用性。     

基于CUDA-GPU架构的超二次曲面离散单元并行算法

大规模离散元的并行计算通常基于理想的球体单元，然而自然界或工业生产中普遍存在的是由非球形颗粒组成的复杂体系，其在不同空间尺度下的动力学行为及力学性质与球形颗粒具有显著差异.基于连续函数包络的超二次曲面单元能有效地构造非球形颗粒的几何形态，并通过非线性Newton迭代算法准确计算单元间的作用力.针对非球形颗粒间接触判断的复杂性及其大规模离散元计算的需求，该文发展了基于CUDA-GPU构架下超二次曲面单元并行算法.该方法在球形颗粒并行计算的基础上，通过核函数建立单元包围盒的粗判断列表及Newton迭代的细判断列表，并优化并行算法和内存访问模式以提高算法的计算效率.为检验超二次曲面并行算法的可靠性，对非球形颗粒的流动过程进行离散元模拟, 并与试验结果进行对比验证.在此基础上，进一步分析了颗粒单元不同长宽比和表面尖锐度对颗粒材料流动特性的影响，为非球形颗粒材料的大规模离散元模拟提供一种有效的数值方法.     

锥形微通道内液滴自输运特性及力学驱动机制研究

针对液体在微通道内的自输运特性,采用数值仿真与能量解析相结合的方法研究了液滴在锥形微通道内的自输运特性及力学驱动机制,得到微通道的锥形角、液滴与微通道内壁的接触角及微通道的润湿性对液滴自输运特性的影响关系.分析表明,微通道的锥形角、液滴与微通道内壁的接触角均能影响液滴的自输运方向及驱动力大小.对于亲水性微通道,微通道的锥形角、液滴与微通道内壁的接触角其作用效果呈现整体形态;对于疏水性微通道,微通道的锥形角、液滴与微通道内壁的接触角其作用效果呈现局域形态.这可为研究液体在微通道内的自输运机理及界面内液体细观流动机制奠定理论基础.     

Analysis of flow characteristics of granular material unloaded on nonlinear vibration inclined platform

In this study, the repeated discontinuous friction between granular material and contact platform and structural nonlinearity of inclined vibration platform giving rise to the vibration flow-aiding unloading is a complicated process, which has significant effects on the dynamic behaviors and flow characteristics of granular material. A simplified mathematical model of the inclined vibration platform and granular material is deduced by mechanical properties. Based on the equations of motion and a good degree of accuracy and applicability of the process with calculated data reported in the literature, the approximate analytical solution and flow properties are investigated by using the modified incremental harmonic balance method and numerical integration method. Moreover, the influences of friction coefficient, excitation amplitude, nonlinear stiffness and inclined angle on the complicated dynamic behaviors are explored and discussed. It is shown that the different motion paths of granular material on inclined vibration platform are observed depending on the different parameters. The increasing friction coefficient has complicated effects on the nonlinear dynamic behaviors of the granular material. The excitation amplitude and nonlinear stiffness can effectively control the flow characteristics of granular material at low excitation frequency but the inclined angle presents opposite property. The research may contribute to improve unloading efficiency, predict the motion state of granule and provide a theoretic foundation for further design the unloading system.     

Coupled wetting meniscus model for the mechanism of spontaneous capillary action

Capillarity plays a significant role in many natural and artificial processes, but the mechanism responsible for its dynamics is not completely understood. In this study, we consider capillary flow characteristics and propose a coupled wetting meniscus model for the mechanism of spontaneous capillary action. In this model, capillary action is considered as the dynamic coupling of two interfacial forces, i.e., the wall wetting force at the contact line and the meniscus restoring force on the free interface. The wetting force promotes the motion of the contact line directed toward an equilibrium contact angle, whereas the meniscus restoring force promotes a reduction in the interface curvature, which is more consistent with a 90° contact angle. The competing interaction between these two forces is coupled together via the evolution of the interface shape. The model is then incorporated into a finite volume method for a two-fluid flow with an interface. Capillary flow experiments were performed, including vertical and horizontal flows. Phenomena analysis and data comparisons were conducted to verify the proposed model. According to the results of our study, the model can explain the capillary flow process well and it can be also used to accurately guide capillary flow calculations.     

Simulation of Rayleigh waves in cracked plates

The aim of this paper is to develop new numerical procedures to detect micro cracks, or superficial imperfections, in thin plates using excitation by Rayleigh waves. We shall consider a unilateral contact problem between the two sides of the crack in an elastic plate subjected to suitable boundary conditions in order to reproduce a single Rayleigh wave cycle. An approximate solution of this problem will be calculated by using one of the Newmark methods for time discretization and a finite element method for space discretization. To deal with the nonlinearity due to the contact condition, an iterative algorithm involving one multiplier will be used; this multiplier will be approximated by using Newton's techniques. Finally, we will show numerical simulations for both cracked and non‐cracked plates. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The three-dimensional contact problem with friction for an elastic wedge

Solutions of three-dimensional boundary-value problems of the theory of elasticity are given for a wedge, on one face of which a concentrated shearing force is applied, parallel to its edge, while the other face is stress-free or is in a state of rigid or sliding clamping. The solutions are obtained using the method of integral transformations and the technique of reducing the boundary-value problem of the theory of elasticity to a Hilbert problem, as generalized by Vekua (functional equations with a shift of the argument when there are integral terms). Using these and previously obtained equations, quasi-static contact problems of the motion of a punch with friction at an arbitrary angle to the edge of the wedge are considered. In a similar way the contact area can move to the edge of a tooth in Novikov toothed gears. The method of non-linear boundary integral equations is used to investigate contact problems with an unknown contact area.     

Comparison of hypothesis testing techniques for markov processes estimated from micro versus macro data

We estimate the parameters of a Markov chain model using two types of simulated data: micro, or actual interstate transition counts, and macro aggregate frequency. We compare, by means of Monte Carlo experiments, the validity and power for micro likelihood ratio tests with their macro counterparts, previously developed by the authors to complement standard least-squares point estimates. We consider five specific null hypotheses, including parameter stationarity, entity homogeneity, a zero-order process, a specified probability value, and equal diagonal probabilities. The results from these micro-macro comparisons should help to indicate whether micro panel data collection is justified over the use of simpler state frequency counts.