数理统计学小史

数理统计学小史陈希孺（中国科技大学研究生院）陈希孺．数理统计学小史．数理统计与管理，１９９８，１７（２），６０—６４．编者按：关于数理统计学史的中文著作目前尚属阙如，即使外文著作也为数极少，而在有关数理统计学的课程、教科书以至专著中，由于时间及篇幅...     

惠更斯问题的一种新解法

利用指数变换和一个辅助不等式,给出了惠更斯问题的一种新解法.     

一类解析算子函数空间上的复合算子

本文用算子函数论的方法，研究了解析算子函数的Banach空间X，X0上的复合算子．给出此复合算子为有界的条件，并刻划了此复合算子在X0上为紧的特征．     

奇数维可压缩液晶流方程解的逐点估计

首先, 本文利用标准的能量估计方法得到高维(3 维及以上) 的液晶流方程组小初值经典解的整体存在性. 然后, 本文运用Green 函数方法, 得到奇数维情形(3 维及以上) 该解的逐点估计. 该结果表明, 密度ρ和动量m同Navier-Stokes 方程组一样满足一般Huygens 原理, 而单位向量场d则没有这种现象, 其有着与热方程的解类似的时空估计.     

模糊算子排序

完成了几种常用的模糊算子的排序工作.     

解析函数的Banach空间上之复合算子

本文研究了一类解析函数的Ｂａｎａｃｈ空间Ｘ上之复合算子，这类空间包含了Ｂｌｏｃｈ空间，并且可看作Ｂｅｒｇｍａｎ空间Ｌ１ａ（Ｄ）中具有原子分解的解析函数的对偶空间．我们刻划了这类空间上紧复合算子及Ｆｒｅｄｈｏｌｍ复合算子的特征，此外，还研究了具有闭值域的复合算子．     

加权Bergman空间上的Toeplitz算子和Hankel算子

西方给出了Ｃ＾ｎ中单位球上的带权的Ｂｅｒｇｍａｎ空间上具一般符号的Ｔｏｅｐｌｉｔｚ算子和Ｈａｎｋｅｌ算子为紧的充要条件。     

Almost Alternating Diagrams and Fibered Links in S3

Let R be a Seifert surface obtained by applying Seifert's algorithmto a connected diagram D for a link L. In this paper, lettingD be almost alternating, we give a practical algorithm to determinewhether L is a fibered link and R is a fiber surface. We furthershow that L is a fibered link and R is a fiber surface for Lif and only if R is a Hopf plumbing, that is, a successive plumbingof a finite number of Hopf bands. It has been known for sometime that this is true if D is alternating, and we show thatit is not always true if D is 2-almost alternating. In the appendix,we partially answer C. Adams's open question concerning almostalternating diagrams. 2000 Mathematical Subject Classification:57M25.     

关于凸子集和（绝对）收缩核

讨论了线性度量空间中凸子集在什么情况下为该空间的收缩核，以及在什么情况下为绝对收缩核。     

Mathematical models of innovation diffusion with stage structure

Mathematical models with stage structures are proposed to describe the process of awareness, evaluation and decision-making. First, a system of ordinary differential equations is presented that incorporates the awareness stage and the decision-making stage. If the adoption rate is bilinear and imitations are dominant, we find a threshold above which innovation diffusion is successful. Further, if the adoption rate has a higher nonlinearity, it is shown that there exist bistable equilibria and a region such that an innovation diffusion is successful inside and is unsuccessful outside. Secondly, a model with a time delay is proposed that includes an evaluation stage of a product. It is proved that the system exhibits stability switches. The bifurcation direction of equilibria is also discussed.     

极大子因子

若N是一个Ⅱ1型因子,G是一个有限群且在N上有一个真外作用α,则当G的阶是素数对,N是Ⅱ1型因子M=N(?)αG的极大子因子．另一方面,假设 N(?) M是Ⅱ1型因子的一个包含,M(?)M1是N(?)M的基本构造,[M:N]= p∈N是素数,N’∩ M=CI,N’∩M1是交换的,N,(?)M深度为2,则N是M的极大子因子．     

Nil-Clean Rings with Involution

A *-ring R is called a nil *-clean ring if every element of R is a sum of a projection and a nilpotent.Nil *-clean rings are the *-version of nil-clean rings introduced by Diesl.This paper is about the nil *-clean property of rings with emphasis on matrix rings.We show that a *-ring R is nil *-clean if and only if J(R) is nil and R/J(R) is nil*-clean.For a 2-primal *-ring R,with the induced involution given by (aij)* =(a*ij)T,the nil *-clean property of Mn(R) is completely reduced to that of Mn(Z2).Consequently,Mn(R) is not a nil *-clean ring for n =3,4,and M2(R) is a nil *-clean ring if and only if J(R) is nil,R/J(R) is a Boolean ring and a*-a ∈ J(R) for all a ∈ R.     

平坦的多项式剩余类环

本文证明了如果多项式的剩余类环 A=R[T]/fR[T]作为 R-模是平坦模,且R是约化环,则f是正规多项式.特别地,若R还是连通的,则f的首项系数是单位.也证明了弱整体有限的凝聚环是约化环,以及弱整体为有限的凝聚连通环是整环.     

On JB-Rings

A ring R is a QB-ring provided that aR bR=R with a,b∈R implies that there exists a y∈R such that a by∈R_q~(-1).It is said that a ring R is a JB-ring provided that R/J(R)is a QB-ring,where J(R)is the Jacobson radical of R.In this paper,various necessary and sufficient conditions,under which a ring is a JB-ring,are established.It is proved that JB-rings can be characterized by pseudo-similarity.Furthermore,the author proves that R is a JB-ring iff so is R/J(R)~2.     

正则带的拟强半格分解

本文研究了正则带的结构问题.利用拟强半格分解方法,获得了带为正则带当且仅当它为矩形带的拟强半格,推广了Yamada和Kimura关于正规带是矩形带的强半格的结果.     

Continuous Subsonic-Sonic Flows in a Convergent Nozzle

This paper concerns continuous subsonic-sonic potential flows in a two-dimensional convergent nozzle. It is shown that for a given nozzle which is a perturbation of a straight one, a given point on its wall where the curvature is zero, and a given inlet which is a perturbation of an arc centered at the vertex, there exists uniquely a continuous subsonic-sonic flow whose velocity vector is along the normal direction at the inlet and the sonic curve, which satisfies the slip conditions on the nozzle walls and whose sonic curve intersects the upper wall at the given point. Furthermore, the sonic curve of this flow is a free boundary, where the flow is singular in the sense that the speed is only C^1/2 Hölder continuous and the acceleration blows up. The perturbation problem is solved in the potential plane, where the flow is governed by a free boundary problem of a degenerate elliptic equation with two free boundaries and two nonlocal boundary conditions, and the equation is degenerate at one free boundary.     

非对称相异性矩阵的一种非度量多维尺度变换

本文将Okada ＆ Imaizumi等的模型加以推广,提出了一种用于处理非对称相异性矩阵的非度量多维尺度变换新方法.在模型中,我们假定每个研究对象可以表示为Minkowski度量空间中的一个点和一个超球面,超球面的半径揭示了相应研究对象的非对称性.文中我们给出了一种计算点坐标及球半径的算法.该算法使用了代数方法,比原来的方法收敛速度快,节省计算时间.最后给出了一个数值例子.