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《斯德哥尔摩公约》禁用的12种持久性有机污染物 总被引:23,自引:0,他引:23
介绍持久性有机污染物的概念、特点以及《斯德哥尔摩公约》禁用的 12种持久性有机污染物的种类、组成、结构、应用和危害。 相似文献
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《理化检验(化学分册)》2016,(6)
综述了持久性有机污染物的电化学测定原理和直接电流型、间接电流型(包括电化学酶传感器、电化学免疫传感器、脱氧核糖核酸电化学传感器)等电化学分析方法的研究进展,并对持久性有机污染物电化学分析的发展方向进行了展望(引用文献53篇)。 相似文献
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目前在持久性有机污染物研究方面出现了许多新的研究动向、研究计划相关环境条约以及新的名词.例如:POPs(Persistent Organic Pollutants)持久性有机污染物;PBT(Persistent Bioaccumulative& Toxic Chemicals);持久性生物可积累性毒性化合物;BFRs(Brominated Flame Retardants)溴化阻燃剂;EEDs(Environmental Endocrine Disruptors)环境内分泌干扰物,PTS(Persistent Toxic Substances)等. 相似文献
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持久性有机污染物(POPs)组分复杂,在自然界中超痕量存在,其分离分析十分困难。全二维气相色谱(GC×GC)作为一种新型色谱技术,与传统的一维气相色谱相比,具有峰容量大、分辨率和灵敏度高等优势,越来越广泛地应用于环境有机污染物的分析。该文综述了近十年来全二维气相色谱在持久性有机污染物分析中的应用进展,主要包括全二维气相色谱在解决一些复杂POPs定性定量分析难题方面的应用,如二恶英、毒杀芬和短链氯化石蜡等;概述了全二维气相色谱对多种POPs同时定性定量分析的应用进展;讨论了全二维气相色谱在非目标有机污染物筛查分析中的应用,并对发展趋势及相关应用前景进行了总结展望。 相似文献
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QSAR/QSPR在POPs归趋与风险评价中的应用 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
持久性有机污染物(POPs)是目前备受国际社会关注的高危害性有机污染物,对它们的环境归趋分析和风险评价需要获得大量可靠的性质数据和毒性数据,而定量结构活性/性质相关(QSAR/QSPR)方法为快速有效地获得这些数据提供了可能性。QSAR/QSPR模型已在预测POPs的生物活性/性质,补充缺失的基础数据及探求POPs的环境过程机制和生态效应机理等方面得到了广泛应用,近年来也在新POPs物质的筛选、归趋模拟以及风险评价等方面有着更进一步的应用或潜在应用前景。本文介绍了QSAR/QSPR在POPs性质和生物活性预测中的基本应用及其在POPs归趋和风险评价中的扩展应用,并对QSAR/QSPR在POPs研究领域的应用前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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《Analytical letters》2012,45(5-6):485-494
Due to the exponential growth of the world population and a strong worldwide economic development, humans are increasingly exposed to chemicals. This is particularly true for persistent, toxic chemicals that accumulate in organisms including humans. The presence of these persistent organic pollutants (POPs) has been reported since the 1960s. Analytical methods developed for the determination of POPs in wildlife, food, feed, sediments, dust, air, and humans have seen a tremendous improvement in sensitivity and selectivity. Detection limits of 0.1 mg/kg for pesticides in the 1960s have decreased down to < 0.1 ng/kg for dioxins presently. On the other hand, due to new toxicological insights, authorities nowadays often demand much lower detection limits than in the early days of discovery. This paper compares the lowest effectual levels of a number of POPs with the analytical capabilities of modern laboratories in terms of sensitivity and selectivity. Methods discussed are gas chromatography (GC), including multi-dimensional GC and liquid chromatography (LC), combined with electron capture detection (for GC) or with different mass spectrometric detectors. The conclusion is that the still improving sensitivity of current methods is sufficient to allow detection of POPs at a level clearly below the lowest observable adverse effect levels. Selectivity has also improved, but given the high complexity of some of the POPs and the multitude of POPs and other chemicals to which we are exposed, further developments in selectivity are still badly needed. To limit and focus the information for regulators, an effect-directed analysis is proposed as an alternative approach. 相似文献
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Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are greatly noxious chemicals in environment, and they can cumulate in organisms and transfer between different species. Therefore, it is significant to detect POPs for both environmental evaluation and further treatment. However, developing facile approach for the detection of POPs still remains a challenge so far. In this paper, we report an innovative method for facile detection of POPs using gas sensor for the first time. Porous SnO2 nanostructures with a special tri-walled structure prepared via hydrothermal route and annealing process, were employed as gas-sensing materials. Through gas measurements, it was revealed that the as-fabricated gas sensor exhibited highly sensitive performance towards target POPs, including methoxychlor, mirex, p,p′-DDT, and aldrin. Moreover, we found that target POPs were distinguishable by extracting characteristics in kinetic curves of gas adsorption-desorption. As the presented detecting approach is facile without the requirements of complex operations, expensive and bulky instruments, it is expected that it would be developed as a promising method for the detection of POPs, and thereby showing its significance for environmental monitoring. 相似文献
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Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are major environmental concern due to their persistence, long-range transportability, bio-accumulation and potentially adverse effects on living organisms. Analytical chemistry plays an essential role in the measurement of POPs and provides important information on their distribution and environmental transformations. Much effort has been devoted during the last two decades to the development of faster, safer, more reliable and more sensitive analytical techniques for these pollutants. Since the Stockholm Convention (SC) on POPs was adopted 12 years ago, analytical methods have been extensively developed. This review article introduces recent analytical techniques and applications for the determination of POPs in environmental and biota samples, and summarizes the extraction, separation and instrumental analyses of the halogenated POPs. Also, this review covers important aspects for the analyses of SC POPs (e.g. lipid determination and quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC)), and finally discusses future trends for improving the POPs analyses and for potential new POPs. 相似文献
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Separation and preconcentration of persistent organic pollutants by cloud point extraction 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Shunping Xie Man Chin Paau Cheuk Fai Li Dan Xiao Martin M.F. Choi 《Journal of chromatography. A》2010,1217(16):2306-2317
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are recognized as a class of poisonous compounds which pose risks of causing adverse effects to human health and the environment. Thus, it is very important to detect POPs in environmental and biological samples. The identification and determination of very low levels of POPs in complex matrices is extremely difficult. Recently a promising environmentally benign extraction and preconcentration methodology based on cloud point extraction (CPE) has emerged as an efficient sample pretreatment technique for the determination of trace/ultra-trace POPs in complex matrices. The purpose of this paper is to review the past and latest use of CPE for preconcentrating POPs and its coupling to different contemporary instrumental methods of analysis. First, the comparison of various extraction techniques for POPs is described. Next, the general concept, influence factors and other methods associated with CPE technique are outlined and described. Last, the hyphenations of CPE to various instrumental methods for their determination are summarized and discussed. 相似文献
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《Arabian Journal of Chemistry》2020,13(11):8309-8337
The release of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) into the environment is an issue of global concern, as the chemicals are stable over a prolonged period resulting in their accumulation in many animals and plants. Although POPs are banned in several countries, many chemicals have been proposed as POP candidates to be added to the existing compounds as defined by the United Nations Stockholm Convention committee. To address the safe disposal and clean-up of such chemicals, new, and especially cost-effective, remediation technologies for POPs are urgently required. This review focuses on existing POPs and the types of remediation processes available for their removal. Particular attention is paid towards photocatalysis using nanocatalysts in this review, due to their effectiveness towards POP degradation, technological feasibility, and energy and cost-efficiency. The underlying principles and the key mechanisms of the photocatalysts based on TiO2 based materials, metal oxides, light-assisted Fenton systems, framework materials e.g. metal-organic frameworks and polyoxometalates, including metal-free and hybrid photocatalysts for POPs cleanup are described for advance applications in solving the POPs contamination in the environment. The improvements of photocatalytic performance especially the POPs removal mechanism using the conventional and modified process, the design and optimization of photoreactors, and the integration technology are the critical challenges for the emerging pollutants and require intensive research for the forthcoming future. 相似文献
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Amorphous Porous Organic Polymers Based on Schiff‐Base Chemistry for Highly Efficient Iodine Capture
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Prof. Dr. Zongxia Guo Panli Sun Xiao Zhang Dr. Jianbin Lin Tong Shi Prof. Dr. Shaofeng Liu Abin Sun Prof. Dr. Zhibo Li 《化学:亚洲杂志》2018,13(16):2046-2053
Porous organic polymers (POPs) have been considered as prominent adsorbents for volatile iodine. So far, both crystalline and amorphous POPs have accomplished excellent iodine capture capability. Considering the difficulty and challenges in preparing perfect crystalline POPs, more explorations into developing versatile amorphous POPs are needed. Herein, amorphous POPs based on the Schiff‐base reaction were designed and synthesized for volatile iodine removal. Four amorphous POPs products named as NDB‐H , NDB‐S , ADB‐HS , and ADB‐S obtained under different solvothermal conditions were investigated in terms of their morphologies, porosity, and their iodine enrichment performance in detail. It is noteworthy that excellent efficiency for removing iodine vapor was acquired for NDB‐S (≈425 wt %), ADB‐HS (≈345 wt %), and ADB‐S (≈342 wt %). Remarkably, NDB‐H exhibited an iodine capture capacity up to ≈443 wt %. Excellent reusability was obtained as well. Amorphous NDB‐H has accomplished an extremely high iodine capture performance, illustrating the great chance to exploit versatile amorphous POPs for iodine enrichment and removal based on Schiff‐base chemistry. 相似文献
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Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) was primarily applied as the ion source for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS). While APCI started to be used in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) in 1970s, GC-APCI-MS was not widely used until recently. As a soft ionization technique, APCI provides highly diagnostic molecular ions, which is favored for the wide-scope screening. With the capability of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), GC-APCI-MS methods with high sensitivity and selectivity have been developed and applied in the analysis of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in environment and biological samples at trace levels. The present review introduces the history of the APCI source, with emphasis on mechanisms of ionization processes under the positive and negative ionization modes. Comparison between GC-APCI-MS and GC–MS with traditional electron ionization (EI) and chemical ionization (CI) are provided and discussed for selectivity, sensitivity and stability for the analyses of POPs. Previous studies found that the GC-APCI-MS methods provided limits of detection (LODs) around 10–100 times lower than other methods. An overview of GC-APCI-MS applications is given with the discussions on the advantages and drawbacks of various analytical methods applied for the analyses of POPs. 相似文献