导数吸附伏安法同时测定柠檬黄及日落黄

色素日落黄和柠檬黄在ｐＨ８．２的硼酸钠－酸介质中均有良好的吸附伏安波，但波峰相互重叠，难以同时测定。本文提出以二阶导数法对日落黄和柠檬黄的重叠伏安波谱进行分析，以达到日落黄和柠檬黄同时测定的目的，方法简便快速。本法分析几种饮料中的日落黄及柠檬黄，结果满意。     

胶束电动毛细管色谱同时测定食品中13种人工合成色素

建立了胶束电动毛细管色谱(MEKC)同时测定食品中10种水溶性和3种脂溶性人工合成色素的分析方法.应用正交法优化了缓冲溶液的pH值、硼酸浓度和SDS加入量,并研究了有机改性剂、分析电压、毛细管温度等对分离的影响.确定最佳电泳条件为:未涂层弹性石英毛细管柱(75 μm×58.5 cm),缓冲溶液为40 mmol/L硼酸-氢氧化钠(pH 9.5),加入20 mmol/L的SDS和30％的乙腈作改性剂,检测波长为220 nm,分析电压25 kV,毛细管温度25℃,进样压力50 MPa,进样时间5 s.在优化条件下,13种合成色素在3～200 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,r2均大于0.99.将该方法用于分析市售卤翅、腐竹、番茄酱、辣椒面等样品,其回收率为98％～104％,检出限为3.0～16.0 mg/L.该方法简便、准确,能够满足食品中合成色素的常规检测要求.     

用修饰电极导数伏安法同时测定多巴胺和肾上腺素

研究了２,６－吡啶二甲酸在玻碳电极上电化学聚合的实验条件及修饰电极的电化学特性,发现该聚合物膜修饰电极对多巴胺和肾上腺素的电化学氧化有显著的催化作用,而对抗坏血酸等阴离子没有响应。利用在修饰电极上循环伏安阴极过程多巴胺和肾上腺素的峰电位不同,采用阴极化导数伏安法可同时测定多巴胺和肾上腺素。     

导数光度法同时测定五种食用合成色素

本文用一阶导数光度法研究了五种食用合成色素的吸光特性。选定五个波长测定五组份混合食用合成色素。十次测量的相对标准偏差<1.0％,标准回收在98％～103％以内。     

微分电位溶出伏安法同时测定甘草中痕量铅和镉

建立了在NH4OAc HOAc介质中,用微分电位溶出伏安法测定中药甘草中痕量铅和镉的方法,利用该法对中药甘草煎煮前后及其煎液中铅和镉的含量进行测定。试验表明,镉和铅分别在-0.66V(vs.SCE)和-0.47V(vs.SCE)电位处形成两个灵敏的二次微分溶出峰;铅在0～0.8mg·L-1,镉在0～0.4mg·L-1范围,峰电流与浓度呈良好的线性关系;铅和镉检出限分别为0.15和0.1μg·L-1,相对标准偏差≤1.39%;铅和镉加标回收率在94%～103%之间。结果表明,该甘草样品中铅和镉含量均低于国家安全标准,甘草煎煮液中铅的浸出率较高,镉的浸出率则较低,方法也适用于其它类似中药。     

食用色素的吸附伏安法分析

柠檬黄,胭脂红皆为合成食用色素,其原料本胺具有毒性,我国严格限定其使用范围和用量。测定混合色素多用色谱法,导数光度法。都需将试样先行分离,灵敏度较低。Fogg等用脉冲极谱法测定饮料中的混合色素。我们发现,混合色素柠檬黄和胭     

半微分伏安法间接测定农药甲基1605的研究

利用半微分阴极扫描伏安法,对农药甲基1605中的游离和易水解的产物对硝基苯酚、总对硝基苯酚的测定进行了研究。发现在室温下,pH6.4的磷酸氢二钠和柠檬酸底液中,在-0.9V处对硝基苯酚有一灵敏对称的还原峰,在3.0×10~(-7)～3.0×10~(-5)mol·dm~(-3)浓度范围内,峰高与浓度有很好的线性关系,其相关系数在0.999以上。检测限为3.0×10~(-5)mol·dm~(-3)。并对实样进行了测定,结果满意。     

Simultaneous kinetic spectrophotometric analysis of five synthetic food colorants with the aid of chemometrics

This paper describes a simple and sensitive kinetic spectrophotometric method for the simultaneous determination of Amaranth, Ponceau 4R, Sunset Yellow, Tartrazine and Brilliant Blue in mixtures with the aid of chemometrics. The method involved two coupled reactions, viz. the reduction of iron(III) by the analytes to iron(II) in sodium acetate/hydrochloric acid solution (pH 1.71) and the chromogenic reaction between iron(II) and hexacyanoferrate(III) ions to yield a Prussian blue peak at 760 nm. The spectral data were recorded over the 500-1000 nm wavelength range every 2 s for 600 s. The kinetic data were collected at 760 nm and 600 s, and linear calibration models were satisfactorily constructed for each of the dyes with detection limits in the range of 0.04-0.50 mg L⁻¹. Multivariate calibration models for kinetic data were established and verified for methods such as the Iterative target transform factor analysis (ITTFA), principal component regression (PCR), partial least squares (PLS), and principal component-radial basis function-artificial neural network (PC-RBF-ANN) with and without wavelet packet transform (WPT) pre-treatment. The PC-RBF-ANN with WPT calibration performed somewhat better than others on the basis of the %RPE_T (∼9) and %Recovery parameters (∼108), although the effect of the WPT pre-treatment was marginal (∼0.5% RPE_T). The proposed method was applied for the simultaneous determination of the five colorants in foodstuff samples, and the results were comparable with those from a reference HPLC method.     

高效液相色谱法同时测定化妆品中的10种合成着色剂

建立了高效液相色谱同时测定化妆品中颜料橙5、酸性黄36、颜料红53、酸性紫49、罗丹明B、溶剂蓝35、苏丹红Ⅱ、苏丹红Ⅳ、分散黄3和颜料红57等10种合成着色剂的方法。用四氢呋喃(THF)、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)和甲醇对样品进行分步超声辅助萃取、离心净化后,在Eclipse XDB-C₁₈(150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm)色谱柱上分离。用乙腈-0.02 mol/L乙酸铵溶液(用乙酸调pH至4.60)作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,二极管阵列检测器(DAD)检测。在0.5~20.0 mg/L范围内,10种着色剂的峰面积与质量浓度呈线性关系,相关系数(r)大于0.999;定量限(LOQ)为10~20 mg/kg。在3个添加水平的回收率均在92.9%~108.8%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.5%~6.1%(n=6)。该方法简便、快速、灵敏,适合油状、粉状和膏状化妆品中禁限用着色剂的定量检测。     

高效液相色谱法同时检测化妆品中38种限用着色剂

建立了高效液相色谱法同时测定化妆品中颜料红4等38种限用着色剂的检测方法。样品经四氢呋喃、甲醇、乙酸铵水溶液混合溶剂超声提取后,经离心、氮吹和复溶,于Agilent zorbax SB-Aq色谱柱(150 mm×3.0 mm, 3.5 μm)上进行反相液相色谱分离,以乙腈和含0.075%(v/v)甲酸的30 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。选择254、416、484、514、590和620 nm作为检测波长进行定量分析。结果表明:在1~10 mg/L的质量浓度范围内,38种限用着色剂的色谱峰面积与质量浓度呈线性相关,相关系数(r)大于0.999, LOQ值为5~50 μg/g。在100 μg/g和500 μg/g两个加标水平下,各目标化合物回收率均在93.2%~107.6%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于10%(n=6)。该方法简便、快速、灵敏度高、重现性好,适合于化妆品中限用着色剂的定性与定量检测。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定化妆品中的9种水溶性着色剂

建立了用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器(HPLC-DAD)同时检测化妆品中9种水溶性着色剂（溶剂绿7、食品黄3、食品红17、酸性黄1、酸性红33、食品红4、食品红1、橙黄I、酸性橙7）的检测方法。不同种类的化妆品采用不同的样品前处理方法提取后,用Diamonsil C18色谱柱分离,以乙腈-磷酸二氢钾缓冲溶液(pH 6)为流动相进行梯度洗脱,检测波长为240 nm,15 min内可对9种目标物同时进行检测,且各化合物都达到基线分离。经测定,该方法的平均回收率(n = 9)为85.33%～100.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.68%～8.20%,检出限为0.01～0.1 mg/L。方法简单、快速,能有效地提取、分离和测定化妆品中9种水溶性着色剂。将该方法用于实际化妆品的检测,结果令人满意。     

Simultaneous determination of Amaranth and Sunset Yellow by ratio derivative voltammetry

A ratio derivative voltammetric method for resolving overlapping voltammograms without a pre-separation is described. The method is based on the use of the first derivative of ratios of the voltammograms of binary mixtures. The voltammogram of the mixture is obtained and the amplitudes of the current at appropriate potentials are divided by the corresponding amplitudes in the voltammogram of a standard solution of the components, and the first derivative of the ratio voltammogram is obtained. The concentration of the other component is then determined from a calibration graph. The method has been successfully applied for resolving binary mixtures of Amaranth and Sunset Yellow, which have overlapped adsorptive voltammograms in pH 6.0 McIlvane buffers.     

High-performance capillary electrophoretic analysis of synthetic food colorants

Summary A high-performance capillary electrophoresis method with diode-array detection has been developed for analysis of synthetic food colorants. The influence of buffer composition on the separation of the food colorants was examined, as were the effects of α-, β- and γ-c-yclodextrins on analyte migration behavior. Eight food colorants were completely separated within 10 min using pH 9.5 borax—NaOH buffer containing 5 mM β-cyclodextrin. Experimental results indicate that the relative standard deviations of analyte migration times were<0.88% under the optimized separation condition. Correlation coefficients of the linear calibration plots of the analytes exceeded 0.998. The method was suitable for determination of the quantities of synthetic food colorantsi in ice cream bars and fruit soda drinks.     

Synthesis and characterization of a novel molecularly imprinted polymer for simultaneous extraction and determination of water-soluble and fat-soluble synthetic colorants in chilli products by solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography

A sorbent was synthesized and investigated for molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction (MISPE). Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) were synthesized via precipitation polymerization procedure, where 4-vinyl pyridine (4-VP) was used as functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) as cross-linking agent. The imprinting effect of the MISPE was evaluated by elution experiments. The resulting MISPE showed high extraction selectivity to water-soluble and fat-soluble synthetic colorants. The determination of multi-residue for three kinds of water-soluble and six kinds of fat-soluble synthetic colorants in chilli products was also investigated by HPLC coupled with MISPE. The mean recoveries calculated by solvent calibration curve for water-soluble and fat-soluble synthetic colorants were from 72.1% to 95.6% for chilli spice and 72.1% to 92.3% for chilli powder. The decision limit (CCα) and the detection capability (CCβ) obtained for water-soluble and fat-soluble synthetic colorants were in the range of 1.2–1.6 and 1.9–2.4 μg kg⁻¹ in chilli spice and chilli powder. The resulting MISPE was successfully used off-line for the determination of nine kinds of synthetic colorants in chilli products.     

Simultaneous determination of neutral nitrogen compounds in gasoline and diesel by differential pulse voltammetry

The presence of trace neutral organonitrogen compounds as carbazole and indole in derivative petroleum fuels plays an important role in the car's engine maintenance. In addition, these substances contribute to the environmental contamination and their control is necessary because most of them are potentially carcinogenic and mutagenic. For those reasons, a reliable and sensitive method was proposed for the determination of neutral nitrogen compounds in fuel samples, such as gasoline and diesel using preconcentration with modified silica gel (Merck 70-230 mesh ASTM) followed by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique on a glassy carbon electrode. The electrochemical behavior of carbazole and indole studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) suggests that their reduction occurs via a reversible electron transfer followed by an irreversible chemical reaction. Very well resolved diffusion controlled voltammetric peaks were obtained in dimethylformamide (DMF) with tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TBAF₄ 0.1 mol L⁻¹) for indole (−2.27 V) and carbazole (−2.67 V) versus Ag|AgCl|KCl_sat reference electrode. The proposed DPV method showed a good linear response range from 0.10 to 300 mg L⁻¹ and a limit of detection (L.O.D) of 7.48 and 2.66 μg L⁻¹ for indole and carbazole, respectively. The results showed that simultaneous determination of indole and carbazole presents in spiked gasoline samples were 15.8 ± 0.3 and 64.6 ± 0.9 mg L⁻¹ and in spiked diesel samples were 9.29 ± 1 and 142 ± 1 mg L⁻¹, respectively. The recovery was evaluated and the results shown the values of 88.9 ± 0.4 and 90.2 ± 0.8% for carbazole and indole in fuel determinations. The proposed method was also compared with UV-vis spectrophotometric measures and the results obtained for the two methods were in good agreement according to the F and t Student's tests.     

Simultaneous determination of three 5-nitroimidazoles in foodstuffs by differential pulse voltammetry and chemometrics

The voltammetric behaviour of three 5-nitroimidazoles,metronidazole,tinidazole and ornidazole,was investigated,and a method was developed for the simultaneous determination of these compounds,based on their reduction at a hanging mercury drop electrode(HMDE) in pH 8.95 buffer with differential pulse voltammetric(DPV) approach.Well defined voltammetric waves with peak potentials of -692,-640 and -652 mV were observed for these compounds,respectively.It is difficult to determine them individually from their mixtures without preseparation,for their voltammetric peaks overlapped seriously,so the chemometrics were used to resolve the overlapped voltammogram and quantify the mixtures.The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of three 5-nitroimidazoles in milk and honey samples.     

Development of a green chromatographic method for determination of colorants in food samples

A green chromatographic analytical method for determination of Tartrazine, Brilliant Blue and Sunset Yellow in food samples is proposed. The method is based on the modification of a C18 column with a 0.25% (v/v) Triton X-100 aqueous solution at pH 7 and in the usage of the same surfactant solution as mobile phase without the presence of any organic solvent modifier. After the separation process on the chromatographic column, the colorants are detected at 430, 630 and 480 nm, respectively. The chromatographic procedure yielded precise results and is able to run one sample in only 8 min, consuming 15.0 mg of Triton X-100 and 38.8 mg of phosphate. When the flow rate of the mobile phase is 1 ml min⁻¹ the retention times are 2.1, 3.6 and 7.0 min for Tartrazine, Brilliant Blue and Sunset Yellow, respectively; and all peak resolutions are ca. 2. The analytical curves present the following linear equations: area = 7.44 10⁵ + 2.71 10⁵ [Tartrazine] (R = 0.998, n = 7); area = 1.09 10⁵ + 3.75 10⁵ [Brilliant] (R = 0.9995, n = 7) and area = −7.34 10⁴ + 2.33 10⁵ [Sunset] (R = 0.998), n = 7) and, the limits of detection for Tartrazine, Brilliant Blue and Sunset Yellow were estimated as 0.125, 0.080 and 0.143 mg l⁻¹. When the proposed method is applied to food samples analysis, precise results are obtained (R.S.D. < 5%, n = 3) and in agreement with those obtained by using the classical spectrophotometric method. The traditional usage of organic solvent as mobile phase in HPLC is not used here, which permits to classify the present method as green.