激光应用 激光医学

R318．51 2005010170 光动力学疗法中光热效应的有限元法=FEM analysis of photo-thermal effect in PDT[刊,中]／李小霞(天津大学精密仪器与光电子工程学院．天津(300072)),范世福…∥光电子·激光．-2004,15(7)．-881-884 有限元法(FEM)由Matlab程序实现。生物热传输模型为经典的Pennes方程,加入了血液灌流项．研究了Nd :YAG激光(1 064 nm)平行光束照射下肝脏组织的温度响应,在轴对称柱坐标下三维温度分布简化为径向、轴向     

2011年《中国激光》“激光制造”专题征稿启事

激光制造技术是国家重点支持和推动的一项高新技术,近年来在涉及国家安全、国防建设、高新技术产业化和科技前沿等领域已取得多项重大研究成果。《中国激光》在成功组织2008年、2009年激光制造专题的基础上,计划在2011年6月正刊(EI核心收录)上推出第三期激光制造专题栏目,现特向国内外广大     

短脉冲激光加工双温方程的优化运算

为研究双温方程中电子热传导项和电子与晶格耦合项对激光辐照物体表面温度场求解的影响,对这两项施加了约束条件。由于飞秒和亚皮秒激光与物质相互作用时间短,电子与晶格来不及耦合,所以对耦合项施加时间约束;根据相分离条件(CPPS),对热传导项施加空间约束。利用有限元方法建立了激光烧蚀金属铜膜表面的有限元模型。通过分析双温方程中热传导项和耦合项对计算结果的影响,发现短脉冲激光与铜金属相互作用过程中电子与晶格耦合项可以忽略,而传导项不可忽略。求解适当激光功率下的双温方程,得到了激光作用中心电子与晶格在不同脉冲宽度激光辐照下的温度变化关系。根据100 fs激光作用后晶格温度场的空间分布情况,研究了激光作用的相分离区域、相爆炸区域以及熔融区域的分布情况。     

γ激光概念研究进展

γ激光的研究目前仍处于论证物理可行性的概念探索阶段。这是一项有重大应用前景而难度又极大的综合性物理－工程课题。简要介绍了这一研究领域的现状、主要困难及今后的发展趋势。     

直视合成孔径激光成像雷达原理

提出了直视合成孔径激光成像雷达(SAIL)概念,发射采用两个正交偏振同轴且相对扫描的空间抛物波差的光束,接收采用自差及相位复数化探测。在交轨向产生与目标点横向位置正比的线性项相位调制,在顺轨向产生以目标点纵向位置为中心的二次项相位历程,成像处理采用傅里叶变换实现交轨向聚焦和采用匹配滤波实现顺轨向聚焦。直视SAIL与侧视SAIL一样能够使用小光学孔径在远距离实现高分辨率二维成像,但具有本质独特性即线性和二次相位项和光学足趾及其相关联的成像分辨率无论在设计和使用时都具有很大的控制调整范围,并克服了存在于侧视SAIL中的许多技术难点。直视SAIL在原理和方法上都属于光学领域。给出了直视SAIL的一般性体系结构,在数学上详细描述了包括目标信息获取和成像处理的基本原理。     

激光加工技术

激光加工技术是一项集光、机电、材料及检测于一体的先进技术.激光具有的四大特性[1]:高的单色性、方向性、相干性和亮度性.应用激光固有的四大特性,将具有高能量密度的,能被聚焦到微小空间的激光用于加工的方法叫激光加工.激光加工主要涉及:激光焊接、激光切割、激光打标、激光雕刻等.     

激光—激光子相互作用蛋白质能量传输模型的数值模拟研究

引入了一个新的模型来描述蛋白质子中Ａｍｉｄｅ－Ⅰ振动能量的贮与传输。这种模型是在Ｄａｖｙｄｏｖ模型的基础上加以改进，引入激子的相互作用项。并用数值模拟的方法说明了该模型可以存在静止和运动的局域模式。     

超窄线宽激光——激光稳频原理及其应用

自从20世纪激光发明以来,激光的应用已经深入到我们生活的各个方面,如光刻机、激光3D打印、激光医疗、大型激光干涉引力波探测等。在科学研究上,激光是一种不可或缺的重要光源,它以其优异的光谱特性被应用于许多研究领域,尤其是超窄线宽的高稳定度激光可以作为一双独特"眼睛",能够用来观察原子分子的微观物理世界。如果以这种高稳定度激光来探测原子或离子的光谱特征,并将激光频率锁定在原子或离子的能级跃迁上,能形成计时无比精准的"光学原子钟"。这种新型的时钟具有前所未有的计时精度,它的累积误差将可以做到从宇宙起源(137亿年前)至今仍小于1秒!获取这种超窄线宽的高稳定度激光是一项关键且非常重要的技术,文章详细介绍了该项技术的发展历程和基本原理,以及它的几项重要的用途和前沿进展。     

脉冲激光沉积动力学研究进展

脉冲激光沉积技术是现代常用的先进薄膜材料制备技术之一.文章在简要介绍脉冲激光沉积技术及其进展的基础上,较全面地介绍了脉冲激光沉积动力学的基本物理图像和动力学构架,深入地探讨了激光烧蚀靶材过程、等离子体膨胀过程和薄膜沉积过程的动力学规律,阐述了我国学者在脉冲激光沉积动力学研究方面的贡献,例如包括脉冲激光沉积三个工艺过程自洽的统一模型,等离子体膨胀的冲击波模型,基于局域能量动量守恒定律的新等离子体演化动力学模型,包括热源项、蒸发项、等离子体屏蔽效应和动态物性参数的烧蚀热传导模型,考虑电子碰撞效应和能带结构变化的修正双温模型,能统一描写从纳秒级到飞秒级脉冲激光烧蚀规律的统一双温模型等.     

无反转激光:增益与饱和

在下能级相干的型三能级系统得到了原子密度矩阵方程的严格解。在强相干情形分析了产生无反转激光的抽运条件，并导出了光强饱和项。 关键词：     

2-W Ho:YAG laser intracavity pumped by a diode-pumped Tm:YAG laser

Efficient room-temperature operation of a Ho:YAG laser, intracavity pumped by a diode-bar-pumped Tm:YAG laser, is reported. At rod mount temperatures of 10 degrees C, for both the Tm:YAG and the Ho:YAG rods, we obtained 2.1 W of output at 2.097mum from the Ho:YAG laser for 9.2 W of diode power incident upon the Tm:YAG rod.     

Influence of Er:YAG laser on surface treatment of aged composite resin to repair restoration

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Er:YAG laser on surface treatment to the bond strength of repaired composite resin after aged. Sixty specimens (n = 10) were made with composite resin (Z250, 3M) and thermocycled with 500 cycles, oscillating between 5 to 55°C. The specimens were randomly separated in six groups which suffered the following superficial treatments: no treatment (GI, control), wearing with diamond bur (GII), sandblasted with aluminum oxide with 27.5 μm particles (GIII) for 10 s, 200 mJ Er:YAG laser (GIV), 300 mJ Er:YAG laser (GV), and 400 mJ Er:YAG laser (GVI), with the last 3 groups under a 10 Hz frequency for 10 s. Restoration repair was done using the same composite. The shear test was done into the Universal testing machine MTS-810. Analyzing the results through ANOVA and Tukey test, no significant differences were found (p-value is 0.5120). Average values analysis showed that superficial treatment with aluminum oxide presented the highest resistance to shear repair interface (8.91MPa) while 400 mJ Er:YAG laser presented the lowest (6.76 MPa). Fracture types analysis revealed that 90% suffered cohesive fractures to GIII. The Er:YAG laser used as superficial treatment of the aged composite resin before the repair showed similar results when used diamond bur and sandblasting with aluminum oxide particles.     

High efficiency diode laser side-pumped Nd:YAG rod laser

High efficiency laser performance of 2 mm diameter and 20 mm long Nd:YAG crystal rod transversely pumped by laser diode array is presented. Using the directly side-coupled geometry enclosed by cylindrical pump cavity plated with gold, we obtained long pulse energy of 4.6 mJ corresponding to optical-to-optical slope efficiency of 37%. The complete solid-state Nd:YAG laser is described to be simple, compact and highly efficient. Q-switching of the laser is also reported.     

High repetition rate, compact micro-pulse all-solid-state laser

A high repetition rate, compact micro-pulse all-solid-state laser is designed. The diffusion bonded crystal of YAG, Nd:YAG, and Cr4+:YAG is taken as a monolithic cavity. The optimized initial transmission,output coupling, and pumping size of Cr4+:YAG are calculated. The experimental results show that the laser satisfies the requirement of a spaceborne laser range finder.     

Application of mid-infrared laser radiation for lithotripsy

The perforation effects of Er:YAG (2940 nm) and Ho:YAG (2100 nm) lasers radiation on human urinary stones model made from compressed plaster and real human samples were compared in vitro. For mid-infrared laser radiation delivery the special COP/Ag hollow glass waveguides were used. From the interaction experiments the perforation rates were derived and compared for both lasers. From the results it can be evaluated that Er:YAG laser radiation is favourable in comparison with Ho:YAG laser in case of artificial samples perforation efficiency.     

High-power high-stability Q-switched green laser with intracavity frequency doubling of diode-pumped composite ceramic Nd:YAG laser

We successfully obtain high-average-power high-stability Q-switched green laser based on diode-side-pumped composite ceramic Nd:YAG in a straight plano-concave cavity. The temperature distribution in composite ceramic Nd:YAG crystal is numerically analyzed and compared with that of conventional Nd:YAG crystal. By use of a composite ceramic Nd:YAG rod and a type-II high gray track resistance KTP (HGTR-KTP) crystal, a green laser with an average output power of 165 W is obtained at a repetition rate of 25 kHz, with a diode-to-green optical conversion of 14.68%, and a pulse width of 162 ns. To the best of our knowledge, both the output power and optical-to-optical efficiency are the highest values for green laser systems with intracavity frequency doubling of this novel composite ceramic Nd:YAG laser to date. The power fluctuation at around 160 W is lower than 0.3% in 2.5 hours.     

Ho:YAG laser intracavity pumped by a diode-pumped Tm:YLF laser

We report a compact Ho:YAG laser that is intracavity pumped by a diode-pumped Tm:YLF laser. Both lasers exhibit pulse mode behavior. Operating both crystals at room temperature (25 degrees C), we obtained 1.6 W of average output at 2.09 microm from the Ho:YAG laser for 15.4 W of diode power incident upon the Tm:YLF rod and a slope efficiency of 21%.     

二极管侧面泵浦薄片激光器泵浦均匀性分析

 建立了二极管侧面泵浦复合薄片激光介质Nd:YAG/YAG的数值模型：二极管阵列的快轴垂直于薄片激光介质表面的排布,二极管对称排列在增益介质的周围,从侧面进行泵浦,通过微柱透镜对二极管的快轴进行准直。模拟并实验研究了激光二极管慢轴方向的远场分布特性,结果发现在近距离时激光二极管慢轴方向上的远场分布近似为高斯分布。对于二极管参量,研究发现泵浦二极管越多,增益介质内泵浦光分布就越理想;增益介质吸收系数越小,泵浦的均匀性就越好,但总的吸收效率下降;二极管与工作物质的距离越近,工作物质靠近中心的区域对泵浦光的吸收就越多,但泵浦的均匀性就越差。选用增益介质为Nd:YAG/YAG的复合薄片介质,当掺杂原子分数以及增益介质的吸收系数不同时,发现0.6%掺杂的增益介质(吸收系数为0.24 cm^-1)的泵浦均匀性比1%掺杂(吸收系数为0.51 mm^-1))有明显改善,实验结果与模拟结果一致。     

Nd：YAG激光器中的自锁模

本文报道在Nd:YAG激光器中首次获得的自锁模脉冲序列.自锁模是由于Nd:YAG棒中的自相位调制引起的.在主被动对撞锁模运转情况下,自锁模对脉冲波形有较大的影响.     

Cr,Tm,Ho∶YAG激光器的理论模拟

为了使CTH∶YAG激光器的设计得到更好的优化，从晶体光谱吸收特性、离子间能量转移过程及准三能级运转方式对CTH∶YAG激光器的工作特性进行了理论分析；依据速率方程理论建立了CTH∶YAG激光器运转的理论模型.模拟能量输出与试验结果较好的吻合，验证了此理论模型描述CTH∶YAG激光器运转规律的合理性.模拟结果表明：CTH∶YAG激光器的激光脉冲输出与泵浦有较长的时间延迟且伴随较强的驰豫振荡，冷却温度对激光输出产生较大的影响.