原子数精确的金属纳米团簇在电催化领域的应用研究进展

金属纳米团簇(MNCs)是由几个到数百个金属原子组成,其尺寸一般小于2nm.金属纳米团簇在许多催化反应中表现出高的催化活性和选择性,这与金属纳米团簇具有高的比表面积、较多暴露的活性原子,以及与金属纳米粒子(MNPs)不同的电子结构有关.金属纳米团簇确定的组成和结构使其成为一种新型模型催化剂,对纳米团簇的催化性能研究有利...     

金团簇的荧光性质及其生物应用

金纳米团簇作为一类新型纳米材料具有独特的光学特性。当金纳米团簇颗粒的尺寸小到与电子的费米波长（〈1nm）相当时,由于量子尺寸效应,金颗粒会受激发射出荧光。作为一种新型荧光材料,金纳米团簇具有发光颜色随团簇尺寸可调、荧光不易猝灭等许多优势。本文主要综述了金纳米团簇的荧光性质及其在生物标记、生物成像以及生物检测等方面的应用...     

基于DNA模板制备的金属纳米簇及其在分析检测中应用进展

金属纳米簇(Metal Nano-Clusters,MNCs)是一种新型的荧光纳米材料,而DNA具有良好的生物相容性、多样的二级结构,能与阳离子结合,可有效阻止MNCs团聚成为更大的颗粒,因此常被用于制备MNCs的模板。MNCs具有超小尺寸、光化学性质稳定、荧光光谱可调、生物相容性良好等优点。本文总结了以DNA为模板的MNCs(DNA-MNCs)合成方法及光学性质,重点介绍了DNA-MNCs在分析检测中的应用,并展望了其发展趋势。     

贵金属纳米团簇的制备及在生物检测中的应用

介绍了贵金属纳米团簇(noble metallic nanoclusters, NMNCs)的研究现状及其作为一种新型荧光标记纳米材料在生物检测中的重要作用。重点总结了贵金属纳米团簇的优异性质、三种常用的制备方法(模板法、单分子层保护法和蚀刻法)及其近年来在生物传感器、生物探针、细胞标记及成像等领域的应用进展。简要评述和展望了贵金属纳米团簇的发展方向和应用前景。     

银纳米簇在生物成像及生物检测中的研究进展

由于银纳米簇的尺寸接近电子的费米能级,其能级不连续而发生能带分裂。通过与光的相互作用,能级之间发生不连续的电子跃迁,使银纳米簇表现出强烈的荧光性质。银纳米簇凭借其易合成、荧光量子产率高、可调荧光发射波长(从可见光区到近红外区)、光稳定性和生物相容性良好等优势在生物成像及生物检测等领域引起了越来越多的关注。本文结合近年来关于银纳米簇的研究,详述了其在这两方面的以下几个部分的应用研究进展:DNA调控或标记的银纳米簇的生物成像、有其他金属掺杂的银纳米簇的生物成像、以蛋白为模板合成的银纳米簇的生物成像、利用银纳米簇的荧光特性对生物酶、蛋白、肽、氨基酸、基因、DNA、腺苷、细菌以及抗菌活性等的检测,并对银纳米簇的应用所面临的挑战和发展趋势进行了展望。     

Au25纳米团簇合成与应用研究进展

综述了新型金属纳米材料Au25纳米团簇的合成机理和合成工艺改进,结合Au纳米团簇荧光作用机理说明其特有的荧光特性,利用Au纳米团簇荧光性质在离子检测、生物小分子检测、蛋白质检测和生物成像方面的应用,为Au纳米团簇的研究提供参考。     

基于乙醇和铝离子聚集诱导的铜纳米团簇（英文）

金属纳米团簇(MNCs)作为一种新型的纳米材料,具有合成方法简单、光稳定性强、毒性低、生物相容性好以及发光效率高等优点。在本研究中,使用"一锅法"合成谷胱甘肽保护的铜纳米团簇。在激发波长为370 nm时,GS@CuNCs的荧光发射波长在610 nm左右。铜纳米团簇可以通过有溶剂诱导和阳离子诱导两种方法聚集诱导增强其荧光强度。通过测定在不同溶剂(乙醇、甲醇、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺)中铜纳米团簇的荧光强度,探究了溶剂极性对聚集的影响。研究结果表明:在水溶液中铜纳米团簇只发射弱的荧光,随着乙醇含量从0%到85%,其荧光强度逐渐增强。此外,我们开发了一种新的选择性好、灵敏性高的检测铝离子的荧光探针。线性范围为2-20μmol·L-1,且检测限(LOD)为33 nmol·L-1。进一步探究可得,乙醇和铝离子能使GS@CuNCs荧光强度显著增加的机理为聚集诱导荧光增强。     

金属纳米团簇在农药检测中的应用研究进展

农药对提高农作物质量和产量具有重要作用,然而,过量以及不合理使用农药导致的残留和污染对人类健康及环境均具有严重危害,因此对农药及其残留的检测尤为重要。金属纳米团簇（Metal nanoclusters,MNCs）作为一种新型纳米材料,具有尺寸小、稳定性高、易制备和生物相容性好等优点,在分析传感领域备受关注。MNCs在农药检测方面也展现出巨大的应用潜力。本文综述了近年来基于MNCs的检测方法以及在有机磷农药、有机氮农药和有机氯农药等常见农药检测中的研究进展,并对其在农药检测方面的发展前景进行了展望。     

基于金属纳米簇的电化学发光分析应用研究进展

近年来,基于金属纳米簇结构的电化学发光(Electrochemiluminescence,ECL)特性发展新型分析检测方法已成为分析化学领域的研究热点.金属纳米簇作为一类介于分子和常规纳米颗粒之间的材料,其发光特性备受关注.本文对近年来基于金属纳米簇ECL分析的研究进展进行了评述,按配体分类简要介绍了与ECL相关的纳米簇的制备方法,以及纳米簇ECL研究的机制与应用,针对提高纳米簇ECL性能问题,重点讨论ECL增强和生物信号放大方法这两个主要的策略.此外,本文还对纳米簇在ECL体系中作为能量转移受体的应用进行了评述.     

基于乙醇和铝离子聚集诱导的铜纳米团簇

金属纳米团簇(MNCs)作为一种新型的纳米材料,具有合成方法简单、光稳定性强、毒性低、生物相容性好以及发光效率高等优点。在本研究中,使用“一锅法”合成谷胱甘肽保护的铜纳米团簇。在激发波长为370 nm时,GS@CuNCs的荧光发射波长在610 nm左右。铜纳米团簇可以通过有溶剂诱导和阳离子诱导两种方法聚集诱导增强其荧光强度。通过测定在不同溶剂(乙醇、甲醇、N, N-二甲基甲酰胺)中铜纳米团簇的荧光强度,探究了溶剂极性对聚集的影响。研究结果表明：在水溶液中铜纳米团簇只发射弱的荧光,随着乙醇含量从0%到85%,其荧光强度逐渐增强。此外,我们开发了一种新的选择性好、灵敏性高的检测铝离子的荧光探针。线性范围为2–20 μmol·L^-1,且检测限(LOD)为33 nmol·L^-1。进一步探究可得,乙醇和铝离子能使GS@CuNCs荧光强度显著增加的机理为聚集诱导荧光增强。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.