2021年79卷10期封面及中英文目录

. 2021年79卷10期封面及中英文目录[J]. 化学学报, 2021, 79(10): 0-0.     

2021年79卷5期封面及中英文目录

. 2021年79卷5期封面及中英文目录[J]. 化学学报, 2021, 79(5): 0-0.     

2021年79卷3期封面及中英文目录

. 2021年79卷3期封面及中英文目录[J]. 化学学报, 2021, 79(3): 0-0.     

2021年79卷8期封面及中英文目录

. 2021年79卷8期封面及中英文目录[J]. 化学学报, 2021, 79(8): 0-0.     

2021年79卷12期封面及中英文目录

. 2021年79卷12期封面及中英文目录[J]. 化学学报, 2021, 79(12): 0-0.     

2021年79卷4期封面及中英文目录

. 2021年79卷4期封面及中英文目录[J]. 化学学报, 2021, 79(4): 0-0.     

2021年79卷6期封面及中英文目录

. 2021年79卷6期封面及中英文目录[J]. 化学学报, 2021, 79(6): 0-0.     

2021年79卷7期封面及中英文目录

. 2021年79卷7期封面及中英文目录[J]. 化学学报, 2021, 79(7): 0-0.     

2021年79卷11期封面及中英文目录

. 2021年79卷11期封面及中英文目录[J]. 化学学报, 2021, 79(11): 0-0.     

基于滴定分析测定可逆反应的平衡常数*——2021年北京学业水平等级性考试化学卷第16题

以2021年北京学业水平等级性考试化学卷第16题所涉及的“Fe²⁺+Ag⁺Fe³⁺+Ag”体系为例,结合热力学理论分析和滴定分析实验,提出了一种在中学化学阶段可操作的测定化学平衡常数的实验方法,为高中化学平衡常数的概念教学提供重要的例证。     

全国高考Ⅰ卷中化学与传统文化题的分析

以全国高考I卷为例,从考查方式、考查途径和命题理念等3个角度分析了化学与传统文化题的特点;从文言文水平、文字学、信息提取能力、古代化学特点及物质名称角度分析了试题对学生能力和素养的要求;从物质性质、实验基本操作及综合应用角度自创试题,举例说明复习备考思路。     

从1986—1988年化学高考试题结构看高考命题的变化和发展

我们根据1986-1988年高考试题,对比几年来试题结构,综合我县化学教学情况及对学生在高考中失分原因分析的基础上,写出的从高考试题结构看命题的变化和发展。本文共分三部分:1986-1988年高考试题结构对比：学生在高考中失分的原因分析：教学建议。     

2004年理科综合能力测试(山西)试卷分析与试题评价报告依托基础考查能力结合实际定制试题

自1999年开始的3+X高考改革,已进入第6个年头,其中做为高考改革中人们极为关注的高考科目改革,即现在绝大多数省市区采用的3+文科综合/理科综合模式,已进行了5年7次.回顾5年理综试题的状况,特别是2004年理综试题的特点、分布、难度、区分度,结合课程改革的进展,会对我们有不少的启示.     

1989年高考化学试题对中学化学教学改革的启示

高考是为了选拔继续深造的人才,它既要考察学生知识技能的水平,也要考察学生对知识的的分析、综合,判断的能力,因此对我们的教学改革是有启发的。今年高考化学试题与中学化学教学大纲与教材是比较贴切的,数量也比去年略少些,但是学生感觉难度还是不低的,教师觉得试题的主流是好的,只是过去的教学、复习与学生的学习还不适应考题的要求,感到教学亟待改革。     

Development of Paper Actuators Based on Carbon-Nanotube-Composite Paper

We propose a unique soft actuator—a paper actuator—based on carbon-nanotube-composite paper (CNT-composite paper), which is a composite of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and paper. CNT-composite paper has highly efficient properties because of the contained CNTs, such as high electrical conductivity and semiconducting properties. We are considering using CNT-composite paper for various devices. In this study, we successfully developed a paper actuator. We determined the structure of the paper actuator by referencing that of bucky-gel actuators. The actuator operates using the force generated by the movement of ions. In addition to making the paper actuator, we also attempted to improve its performance, using pressure as an index and an electronic scale to measure the pressure. We investigated the optimal dispersant for use in paper actuators, expecting the residual dispersant on the CNT-composite paper to affect the performance differently depending on the type of dispersant. Referring to research on bucky-gel actuators, we also found that the addition of carbon powder to the electrode layers is effective in improving the pressure for paper actuators. We believe that the paper actuator could be used in various situations due to its ease of processing.     

Target‐Induced and Equipment‐Free DNA Amplification with a Simple Paper Device

We report on a paper device capable of carrying out target‐induced rolling circle amplification (RCA) to produce massive DNA amplicons that can be easily visualized. Interestingly, we observed that RCA was more proficient on paper than in solution, which we attribute to a significantly higher localized concentration of immobilized DNA. Furthermore, we have successfully engineered a fully functional paper device for sensitive DNA or microRNA detection via printing of all RCA‐enabling molecules within a polymeric sugar film formed from pullulan, which was integrated with the paper device. This encapsulation not only stabilizes the entrapped reagents at room temperature but also enables colorimetric bioassays with minimal steps.     

对适应性高考试题中“真实性实验问题”的探讨及教学建议*

节选了部分适应性高考题中的“真实性实验问题”进行分析和探讨,解释了相关实验现象,运用“数学关系式”对相关图像的数据进行了比较分析,并提出了相关的教学建议。“真实性实验问题”是“真实情境”试题的来源之一,针对试题、教材、教学中的“真实性实验问题”进行定位和比较,为落实以“化学学科核心素养”为命题原则的新高考做好铺垫和引导作用。     

An Ionophore‐Based Anion‐Selective Optode Printed on Cellulose Paper

A general anion‐sensing platform is reported based on a portable and cost‐effective ion‐selective optode and a smartphone detector equipped with a color analysis app. In contrast to traditional anion‐selective optodes using a hydrophobic polymer and/or plasticizer to dissolve hydrophobic sensing elements, the new optode relies on hydrophilic cellulose paper. The anion ionophore and a lipophilic pH indicator are inkjet‐printed and adsorbed on paper and form a “dry” hydrophobic sensing layer. Porous cellulose sheets also allow the sensing site to be modified with dried buffer that prevents any sample pH dependence of the observed color change. A highly selective fluoride optode using an Al^III‐porphyrin ionophore is examined as an initial example of this new anion sensing platform for measurements of fluoride levels in drinking water samples. Apart from Lewis acid–base recognition, hydrogen bonding recognition is also compatible with this sensing platform.     

Synthetic Paper

Synthetic paper can be made either by forming a web from synthetic fibers or by extruding a film from thermoplastic polymers. With suitable starting materials and appropriate treatment it is possible to equal the properties of conventional cellulose paper; in some respects, as in wet strength and dimensional stability, the synthetic papers are clearly superior.     

A DNAzyme‐Based Colorimetric Paper Sensor for Helicobacter pylori

The reliable detection of pathogenic bacteria in complex biological samples using simple assays or devices remains a major challenge. Herein, we report a simple colorimetric paper device capable of providing specific and sensitive detection of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a pathogen strongly linked to gastric carcinoma, gastric ulcers, and duodenal ulcers, in stool samples. The sensor molecule, an RNA‐cleaving DNAzyme obtained through in vitro selection, is activated by a protein biomarker from H. pylori. The colorimetric paper sensor, designed on the basis of the RNA‐cleaving property of the DNAzyme, is capable of sensitive detection of H. pylori in human stool samples with minimal sample processing and provides results in minutes. It remains fully functional under storage at ambient temperature for at least 130 days. This work lays a foundation for developing DNAzyme‐enabled paper‐based point‐of‐care diagnostic devices for monitoring pathogens in complex samples.