融入统筹理念的分析化学实验教学

基于一流创新人才培养的要求和分析化学实验课程的特点,介绍了如何在分析化学实验教学中融入统筹学理念,旨在培养学生的统筹能力,拓展化学实验课程的育人功能,实现知识技能传授和综合能力培养并重的教学目的,将创新人才培养的教学理念落到实处。     

《无机及分析化学实验》中物质的制备专题设计

在《无机及分析化学实验》物质的制备专题编写中,以制备实验的一般思路和原则为导向,对"方法引导"和"实验过程"进行了创新设计。旨在通过几个典型的无机化合物的制备实验,使学生在学习不同类型物质制备方法的基础上,熟悉制备物质的一般思路,掌握实验方案设计的基本原则,着重培养学生的基本化学实验素养和整体实验能力。     

探究式教学模式在分析化学综合实验教学中的实践

介绍了中国科学技术大学分析化学实验教学模式的探索和实践。在掌握基本的定量分析操作的基础上,如何提升学生自主探究实验的能力及自主设计实验的高阶创新实验能力是分析化学实验需要达成的教学目标。探究学习是一种以学生基于问题而展开的学习方式,教学中我们采用这样的教学模式能充分调动学生学习的积极性,通过实施这样的教学模式,学生在探究中不断提升了发现问题、分析问题、解决问题的能力,从而达到培养学生创新能力的目的。     

草酸亚铁制备及组分测定综合实验之更新探索

在实验教学中,增加综合性实验内容,开设研究性、探索性和创新性综合实验是化学专业人才培养的重要组成部分。改革更新"草酸亚铁制备及组成测定"的实验方法,并以此创新综合实验为例,引导学生综合运用所学理论知识设计并优选实验方案。通过综合实验的训练,加深学生对实验及科研方法的理解,提高其实验技能及合作交流的能力。     

核酸酶酶解-高效液相色谱法分析DNA碱基组成——介绍一个综合化学实验

介绍一个分析化学与生物化学交叉的综合化学教学实验及其教学方案的设计思路。该实验以高效液相色谱和核酸酶为工具,分析DNA的碱基组成。通过改革实验教学设计,加深学生对各个知识点的理解与运用,培养学生分析问题和解决问题的能力。     

氢氧化镍薄膜制备及析氧电催化活性评价的综合实验设计

设计一个包括氢氧化镍薄膜制备、铁掺杂以及析氧电催化活性评价的系统性应用化学综合实验。通过开展本实验,学生能够(1)学习利用电化学沉积方法制备电催化剂薄膜的技术;(2)初步掌握利用循环伏安、塔菲尔曲线等电化学测试技术对析氧电催化剂的活性进行评价的方法;(3)认识到痕量的杂质元素(铁)将对物质性能(析氧电催化活性)产生显著影响的客观事实。本实验将引导学生关注绿色可再生能源的开发及应用,有利于学生化学应用能力的培养。     

液质联用仪器分析实验的开发和教学实践

把科研成果引入到仪器分析实验教学中,以二硫甲脒盐酸盐的水解反应为例,介绍了液质联用(HPLC-MS)仪器分析实验的开发。将分离与鉴定结合,通过数据分析与理论结合,使学生运用分析化学的手段解决化学中的问题,不仅培养了学生的综合分析实验能力,同时也激发了学生对科学研究的兴趣。     

矿物基环境修复材料制备及应用的综合性实验设计

为促进“研学结合”,增强学生实际操作能力,依托于化学实验平台设计了“矿物基环境修复材料制备及应用”的化学综合实验。实验内容包括改性沸石材料的制备、表征和应用探索。实验由教师科研成果转化而成,已在本校环境化学综合实验课中进行教学实践,该实验可以使学生掌握文献调研、材料制备与表征、性能分析、数据处理等重要技能,锻炼学生综合实验设计和思维创新的能力,激发了学生探索环境修复材料前沿知识的兴趣。     

无机及分析化学实验课程中学生创新能力培养探索

无机及分析化学实验课程是化学本科生的必修实验课,在本科生科研能力和创新能力培养中有着极其重要的作用。通过对课程内容、教学形式和开放模式进行改革探索,除加强基本操作和基本技能训练外,通过综合性基础实验和开放实验模式,启迪学生的创新思维,激发学生的创新激情,培养学生的科学素养和探索精神。     

模拟计算软件在分析化学教学中的应用

以教学实例解析模拟计算软件在分析化学教学中的优势和方法。模拟计算软件联用现代教育技术使分析化学抽象概念形象化,既活跃课堂气氛、激发学生学习兴趣,又能培养学生综合素质、提高教学质量,为分析化学教学提供了新的思路。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。