西南印度洋超慢速扩张脊海底热液硫化物中金银矿物的富集特征及富集机制研究

通过电感耦合等离子体光谱仪(ICP-AES)以及扫描电镜等手段对超慢速扩张的西南印度洋中脊热液区的3个硫化物样品的金银含量及其赋存状态进行了研究。通过ICP-AES测定金银含量,结果发现3个样品均有Au和Ag富集的现象。通过能谱-扫描电镜联用(SEM/EDS),在三个样品中发现了大量的金银矿物。其中S27-4中,主要以不规则粒状的银金矿和自然金的形式赋存于硫化物中或者晶粒之间,而S35-22中,则发现了大量的银矿物和部分银金矿。能谱分析表明银矿物中常伴随有一定量的卤族元素,推测以卤化银的形式存在,银金矿除了以粒间金赋存还可以呈乳滴状被吸附在黄铁矿表面或者晶棱上,推测与黄铁矿表面缺陷有关。S35-17样品中银金矿是唯一被发现的矿物相,以包体金、吸附金和间隙金形式赋存。由于不同样品中,银金矿的摩尔比有所不同,指示形成环境有所不同。研究结果表明,S27-4的成矿流体中,Ag主要以AgCl-₂络合物迁移,Au经历了以AuCl-₂络合物到AuHS0络合物为主的转变,指示了其温度从中高温到中低温的变化过程,说明了传导冷却在这个变化过程中有重要作用。S35-22中金银矿物的形成也具有类似的富集机制,但S35-22中卤化银的形成显示了早期高温高氯度的流体环境。而黑烟囱样品S35-17中银金矿的形成则与热液流体与海水的混合作用有密切关系。     

Precision Measurement of the Charged Pion Mass by High Resolution X-Ray Spectroscopy

A new experiment for a high-precision measurement of the pion mass at a 1 ppm level is presented. It combines an improved cyclotron trap that produces pionic and muonic atoms in a small volume with a doubly focusing crystal spectrometer to measure the corresponding exotic X-ray transitions with high accuracy and a novel type of CCD detector. The muonic X-rays lines serve as highly accurate calibration lines. The measurement has been accomplished recently. A detailed analysis of the data is on the way. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

稀土配合物掺杂凝胶的原位光声光谱研究及其共发光效应

采用溶胶-凝胶方法,制备了Ln(Sal)₃·H₂O(Ln3+∶La3+, Nd3+, Tb3+; Sal: 水杨酸) 稀土配合物掺杂的二氧化硅凝胶样品。首次采用光声光谱对稀土配合物在凝胶中的形成进行研究。结果表明,经110 ℃热处理后,Tb3+, La3+和Nd3+配合物掺杂的凝胶样品在配体吸收处的光声强度依次明显增强;而对仅在室温陈化、干燥的湿凝胶样品,其配体吸收处的光声强度几乎完全相同。研究发现,未经适当的热处理过程凝胶样品中稀土配合物尚不能形成。结合荧光光谱,分析了凝胶中稀土离子配位环境的变化和稀土配合物的形成。首次发现了稀土芳香羧酸配合物掺杂凝胶的共发光效应,考察Tb_0.8Gd_0.2(Sal)₃·H₂O和Tb_0.8Nd_0.2(Sal)₃·H₂O配合物掺杂的凝胶样品,发现Gd3+离子的引入了增强了凝胶样品中Tb3+的发光效率,而Nd3+离子的引入明显减弱了凝胶中Tb3+的发光,并对共发光效应可能的机理进行了讨论。     

紫外-可见光谱法研究细胞色素C活性中心金属离子与硫酸铜的相互作用

应用紫外－可见吸收光谱法研究细胞色素C（Fecyt-C)活性中心铁离在pH7.1的磷酸缓冲液中与无机CuSO4的直接相互作用。结果发现：CuSO4中的Cu（Ⅱ）与Fecyt-C中的Fe(Ⅱ）有交换作用，形成部分的Cucyt-C，并且随着外加CuSO4量的增加，这种相互作用增强，首次证实了细胞色素C这种直接相互作用的存在。     

紫外-可见吸收光谱法研究细胞色素C活性中心铁离子与微量元素的相互作用

应用紫外－可见吸收光谱法研究细胞细色素C（Fecty-C)活性中心铁离子在pH7．1的磷酸缓冲液中与4种微量元素M（Ⅱ）的直接相互作用。结果表明,细胞色素C（Fecyt-C)活性中心Fe(Ⅱ）离子可被微量元素M（Ⅱ）部分取代,形成部分的细胞色素C衍生物（Mcyt-C),溶液的吸收光谱的Soret带最大吸收峰发生蓝移,且α带与β带最大吸收峰相对峰强减弱。     

时间分辨与偏振红外光谱研究电场诱导下手性反铁电液晶的 …

手性反铁电液晶分子中的各个不同片段、不同基团在电场诱导下展现不同的取向与取向分布。在交变电场的作用下,分子中各个部分的翻转动力学行为也表现的不同。     

The two annual northward jumps of the West Pacific Subtropical High and their relationship with summer rainfall in Eastern China under global warming

The two northward jumps of summer West Pacific Subtropical High （WPSH） are defined based on the pentad-scale ridge data of the WPSH ridge in 1951 to 2012. The times of the northward jumps are found to have obvious inter-annual and decadal characteristics, i.e., the occurrence of the first northward jump of WPSH shows a ＂consistently early-consistently late＂ decadal pattern, with the transition around 1980; the occurrence of the second northward jump of WPSH shows a ＂consistently late-consistently early-consistently late＂ decadal pattern, with the transitions about 1955 and 1978, respec- tively, which is consistent with global warming. In the meantime, the times of the two northward jumps not only have a good correspondence to the beginning and ending dates of the rainy season, but also greatly influence the position of the main rain belt in Eastern China. When the first northward jump occurs early, the main rain belt is located from just north of 30~ N to the south of North China, while the opposite situation appears when the first jump occurs late. When the second jump occurs early, more rain falls over North China and South China, but less falls in the Yangtze River region, while the opposite situation appears when the second jump occurs late. In the four cases when abnormalities occur in the same year as early or late northward jumps, the position of the main rain belt can be considered as a superposition of isolated abnormal effects of the two northward jumps. Moreover, the prophase and synchronous forces of the sea surface temperature in the Pacific has great influence on the times of the northward jumps, and the driving forces of the two jumps differ.     

差分吸收光谱法测量大气痕量气体浓度误差分析及改善方法

差分吸收光谱技术(DOAS)中采用线性最小二乘拟合方法,用痕量气体标准差分吸收截面对测量得到的差分吸收光谱进行拟合,得出大气中痕量气体的浓度.计算结果的准确性不仅取决于光谱的测量精度,而且受标准差分吸收截面以及仪器函数和温度等诸多因素的影响.详细地分析了计算误差的产生原因,提出了用高浓度样品池得到标准吸收截面的方法,针对光谱固有结构,以及温度对标准吸收截面的影响,改进了浓度反演算法.大量的实验表明,综合运用上述方法,即便对低浓度的样气,相对测量误差也能降低到10%以下.     

Simultaneous Measurement of Wind and Aerosol Backscattering in the Troposphere by High Spectral Resolution Lidar with Iodine Filter

We propose a high spectral resolution lidar system which is capable of measuring aerosol backscattering and line-of-sight wind velocity in the troposphere. An iodine vapor filter is used to separate the aerosol and Rayleigh scattering components as well as to discriminate the Doppler shift frequency. The performance of the lidar system is estimated with reasonable parameters. The error of horizontal wind velocity below an altitude of 6 km is less than 0.5 m/s, and accuracy of the aerosol backscattering coefficient is better than 40% below 10 km. This system is particularly suitable for the study of aerosol transportation in the troposphere.     

磷烷1 950～2 480和3 280～3 580 cm-1波段FTIR吸收光谱强度研究

磷烷分子的基频和低泛频吸收谱线强度在对该分子定量检测应用以及天文观测中是基本的参考数据。文章探讨了高分辨傅里叶变换光谱方法研究气体样品吸收线型的基本原理,并通过实验测量以及程序拟合谱线线型,得到了磷烷分子在1950~2480cm-1波段的5个吸收带以及3280~3580cm-1波段的4个吸收带中的1760条谱线线强度,经分析其结果误差在±6%左右。     

采用深度刻蚀与XPS能谱研究缓蚀膜/镀铜层/铁基体界面成分

为了探索焦磷酸盐镀铜层与铁基体结合强度差的原因,采用波谱技术,分析了纵向界面各种元素的成分变化,讨论了金属基体表面粗糙度对元素分布的影响.根据刻蚀时间可将膜层分为三部分:N,O量迅速减少的表面层,有基本固定组成的中间层和占一半厚度的出现基体元素的混合干扰层.通过对后期混合层中氧含量的分析,可得出镀铜层/铁基体界面含氧层的存在是影响电镀层与基体结合强度的主要原因的结论.