高校实验教学隐性课程开发探索

结合西南石油大学化学化工国家级实验教学示范中心实践经验,以培养学生创新能力为基础,从优化实验环境、完善各种规章制度、丰富实验活动、挖掘实验显性课程中的隐性资源4个方面探讨了实验教学隐性课程的开发。     

加强实验教学环境内涵建设 提高环境育人质量

在实验室里的实验教学过程涉及到教书育人、管理育人、服务育人和环境育人。一个良好的实验环境不仅能够对学生起到潜移默化的教育作用,而且对教书育人、管理育人和服务育人工作的开展和实施也能起到推动和促进作用。本文主要介绍厦门大学化学国家级实验教学示范中心"以学生为中心",在强化实验教学环境内涵建设、提高实验环境育人质量方面的一些做法和体会,以期更好地为实验教学"思政"提供可复制、可推广的建设方案。     

加强精细化管理 促进实验教学质量提高

实验室的日常管理水平直接反映了高校实验室管理的水平,也潜移默化地影响着实验教学的质量。为做好化学国家级实验教学示范中心的可持续性发展,详细介绍了吉林大学化学国家级实验教学示范中心在人员、设备、材料、环境和操作规程等精细化管理过程中所做的有别于其他学校的工作以及取得的良好效果,为实验室管理细节创新和促进实验教学质量提高积累了宝贵的经验。     

化学化工专业“学、研、创”实验教学模式的研究与实践

围绕学校创新性应用型人才培养目标,依托国家级高等学校实验教学示范中心等教学科研平台,对实验教学模式进行改革创新和实践,构建了以"学、研、创"为核心的化学化工实验教学新模式,完善了实验教学保障机制,着力培养学生的应用能力、创新能力和创业能力。     

高校实验教学质量提升的思考与路径探讨*

实验教学是高校多类专业本科教育和人才培养的重要实践环节之一,实验教学质量关系着本科教育的成效,是一个系统化的工程。实验教学必须坚持践行“学生中心、产出导向、持续改进”三大质量建设理念。基于此,高校应进行全方位审视,明确影响实验教学质量的因素及其提升路径,制定和落实可行的改革举措,着力加强实验教学质量标准化建设,更精、更细、更实地做好实验教学质量管理的各项工作,提高高校人才培养的产出和效能,为培养满足新时代社会主义现代化建设需求的高层次专业人才做出应有贡献。基于近几年海南师范大学化学国家级实验教学示范中心的教学实践,就实验教学质量提升问题做了多视角的深入思考与探讨,提出的改进路径可供同行们参考。     

科学做好基础化学实验的细化准备

科学做好基础化学实验的细化准备,为实验教学提供更高效的服务,是实验室建设与管理内涵建设的内容之一。本文介绍了厦门大学化学国家级实验教学示范中心无机及化学分析实验教学准备工作的一些具体做法和经验,以期为高校基础化学实验的准备工作提供适用的参考与借鉴。     

基于创新能力培养的化学专业本科实验教学新体系的构建与实践

课程体系是人才培养的载体。为了更好地培养拔尖创新人才,南京大学化学国家级实验教学示范中心依据化学学科的特点和发展趋势,以科学内容的内在联系和研究规律为主线构建了“化学实验基础?化学合成与表征+化学原理与测量?化学功能分子实验+化学生物学综合实验+基于项目的研究实验”实验课程新体系,按照一流课程建设要求(高阶性、创新性和挑战度)对实验教学内容进行了优化,并建立起与之相适应的实验教学平台。新课程体系综合考虑了化学一级学科的整体性和关联学科的交叉性,在南京大学化学化工学院“拔尖计划”和“强基计划”学生中实施,教学效果显著。     

“三三制”人才培养模式下化学实验教学改革的探索与实践

南京大学国家级化学实验教学示范中心基于"三三制"本科人才培养理念,对化学实验教学进行了改革,完善了"专业学术类"人才培养的实验课程,加强了"交叉复合类"实验课程建设,探索了"就业创业类"人才培养的实验课程及平台建设,取得了显著的建设成效。     

二维码在实验教学和实验仪器管理以及学术报告中的灵活应用

二维码作为万物互联的重要载体,极大地方便了人们的生活。本文介绍了厦门大学化学国家级实验教学示范中心将二维码灵活应用于实验教学、实验仪器管理和学术报告中的一些具体做法和经验,以期为国内高校实验教学和实验仪器管理等提供可借鉴的经验。     

基于创新性应用型人才培养的实验教学模式研究与实践

为培养创新性应用型人才,构建了"一中心、两渗透、三提升、四结合"的实验教学模式。总结了该教学模式在高分子化学实验教学中的应用情况,提出了该实验教学模式顺利实施的必要条件。研究表明,通过加强教师队伍、教学资源和交流环境建设,保障了该实验教学模式的顺利实施。该模式应用于高分子化学实验教学实践,有效培养了学生的创新精神和实践应用能力,加快创新性应用型人才培养的步伐。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。