有机化学实验教学内容改革与实践

从丰富实验内容、改进基本操作实验,改善实验条件、完善实验内容和将有机化学学科发展前沿研究成果用于有机化学实验教学3方面介绍了有机化学实验教学内容改革的方法。教学实践表明这些方法有利于拓宽学生视野,激发学习兴趣,提高创新能力。     

高等林业院校有机化学实验教学改革初探

通过改革基础有机化学实验课教学内容,本科生有机化学实验技能的强化训练,开设综合性实验──有机化学大实验的实施与实践,对高等林业院校有机化学实验教学改革进行了初步探索。     

建设有机化学实验教学新体系的探索与实践

针对传统有机化学实验教材和教学中存在的问题,对有机化学实验教学体系进行了重新设计,构建了循序渐进的“基础、综合和设计”三层次实验教学模式,并在教学过程中积极引入最新研究成果,渗透绿色化学思想。突出培养了学生的创新能力和综合素质,增强了学生的环保意识,提高了有机化学实验的教学质量。     

“线上线下-虚实结合”在有机化学实验教学中的应用探索——以正溴丁烷的制备实验为例

为应对新冠疫情对有机化学实验教学的影响,分析并讨论了传统有机化学实验教学中存在的局限性,并以正溴丁烷的制备实验为例,针对性地提出了一种"线上线下-虚实结合"的有机化学实验教学新模式:联合应用"腾讯会议→MLabs→实验室→微信群"等工具或场所建立了有机化学实验课程"教师课前线上导学→学生利用虚拟仿真平台预习和练习→师生实验室讨论与操作→课后综合考评与答疑"的教学新模式。经初步实践,发现对培养和提高学生的实践能力和创新能力有良好的效果,为"金课"背景下有机化学实验教学改革提供了参考。     

设计性实验是培养学生综合能力的重要途径

有机化学实验是我校化工工艺、环境工程和工业分析3个专业的一门基础实验,为加强实践教学,我们将有机化学实验单独设课、单独考核并开设了设计性实验。实践告诉我们,设计性实验是提高实验教学质量,开拓学生智力和创造力,培养学生综合能力的重要途径。一、进行设计性实验的必要性职业大学要培养既懂理论又有较强动手能力、能适应社会需要的合格的应用型人才,必须采取有效措施,努力加强学生实验技能的培养。有机化学是实践性很强的学科,在工科有机化学总学时中,实验课占40％,可见其重要地位。然而,过去的有机化学实验教学多属于注…     

课程思政背景下大学基础有机化学实验教学探索与实践*

从大学基础有机化学实验“课程思政”建设背景出发,讨论了课程思政的育人目标、实验教学中如何融入课程思政、课程思政的建设策略以及课程思政实施与考核评价方式等方面。结合实验教学过程探讨了基础有机化学实验教学中融入课程思政的教学探索和实践。     

有机化学实验课程在线测试与学习平台的开发与实践

通过设计开发有机化学实验课程在线测试与学习平台改进有机化学实验教学。平台基于开源考试系统设计开发,可自适应多种终端和操作系统,无需单独安装客户端。构建符合有机化学实验教学目标和需求的实验能力评测指标体系,并在此基础上搭建平台、建设标准化试题库和教学资源库。平台除了具备考试系统的基本功能外,还可以根据测试结果推送相关学习资源,实现个性化精准教学。实践证明,平台可以帮助学生掌握实验知识,帮助教师了解教学效果。     

实施全程实验教学 培养学生良好素质

本文介绍了高师有机化学实验教学过程中进行实验前、实验中、实验后全程教育的实践与体会.     

有机化学知识在高分子材料合成创新实验中的运用——分享几个实例

针对目前教学中存在的理论课程之间、实验课程与理论课程之间关联不够紧密等问题,探索了通过"知识关联"将有机化学基本知识运用到高分子材料合成创新实验中的教学思路。以新试剂合成及应用、荧光聚酯合成、聚酰胺合成、聚酯水解等为例,介绍了如何将有机化学新理论、新方法、新试剂应用于本科高分子化学和高分子材料实验教学,以及如何将有机化学的理论知识和实验手段应用于高分子材料合成教学中。实践表明:通过"知识关联",将有机化学基础理论知识和实验技能应用于高分子合成实验中可以提高学生对所学知识的理解和运用能力,增强学生的实验探索兴趣,有效改进了高分子材料合成实验教学的课堂气氛。     

基于RAMP安全原则的有机化学实验安全教育探索

安全教育是实验教学中的一个重要内容,本文立足RAMP安全原则,编制有机化学实验安全讲义,将安全教育有效整合到有机化学实验教学方案中,锻炼学生正确识别评估教学实验项目中的具体危险、合理减控风险及应急处置能力,有利于提高学生的安全意识和防控能力,加强实验教学全过程管理,并有效保障了实验室安全。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.