课程思政背景下大学基础有机化学实验教学探索与实践*

从大学基础有机化学实验“课程思政”建设背景出发,讨论了课程思政的育人目标、实验教学中如何融入课程思政、课程思政的建设策略以及课程思政实施与考核评价方式等方面。结合实验教学过程探讨了基础有机化学实验教学中融入课程思政的教学探索和实践。     

大学有机化学实验课程中的思政案例设计

为充分挖掘有机化学实验课程中的思政元素,发挥专业课程在立德树人方面的重要作用,我们对部分有机化学教学实验的教学理念和教学内容进行了改革和探索。构建了以有机化学实验知识为主体,以中华传统文化、有机化学中的励志故事、日常生活中的有机化学等人文素材为主导的有机化学实验课程的思政教学体系,本文主要对课程思政的设计理念和具体案例进行了介绍。     

化学专业概论教学中的课程思政探索与实践*——以华中科技大学“一院一品”化学专业概论课为例

课程思政是高校落实立德树人根本任务的重要举措,是完善“三全育人”的重要抓手。化学是我国科学研究的重要基础,对提升原始创新能力具有重要意义。化学专业教学中融入思想政治教育的前提是建设好一门课程。针对当前专业课教学中存在的课程思政体系不完善、思政元素与专业课程融合程度低、教师思政教学水平有待提高等问题,以华中科技大学化学与化工学院专业概论课为试点,完善课程设计与教学方法,探索化学专业教学中的课程思政建设。通过剖析化学课程思政的意义与难点,构建专业概论课实施方案,形成一套行之有效的化学课程思政建设体系。     

大学有机化学课程思政教学的探索与实践

为适应西部地区对化学类高素质人才的迫切需求，提高教学质量，以满足新时代教育的不断发展，实现课程专业育人与思政育人的同向同行、互融互促，广西师范大学在有机化学教学中不断深化教育教学改革，在提升课程教学水平的同时深化对思政教育的探索与实践。课程教学以“育人为本、德育为先”为理念，通过构建思政资源库、现代信息技术与思政教学深度融合、开展专题活动等多种形式将思政教育与有机化学教学相融合，在教授课程专业知识的全过程中渗透思想品德教育，帮助学生树立正确的人生观、价值观，培养学生的爱国情怀、社会责任感、创新精神、实践能力等。     

有机化学课程思政教学实践*

结合课程思政教学情况的现状,梳理了有机化学课程思政开展的过程实践,解释了有机化学课程思政教学目标的创设思路,列举了有机化学课程思政元素案例,阐述了有机化学课程思政教学的4个措施,并进行了有机化学课程思政教学效果的初步评价。     

分析化学理论教学中课程思政的实践与探索

以分析化学理论教学中的课程思政为主题,概述了分析化学课程思政建设的研究现状;从思政目标的建立、课程思政的教学探索、教师素养三方面对专业课程思政进行了实践探索;通过精准备课、优化课堂互动、构建反馈渠道等方式,实现知行合一的课程思政教学目标。     

"PBL"模式下有机化学实验的教与学

结合化学实践教学特点,分析有机化学实验教学中存在的问题,讨论如何将"PBL"教学模式应用到"有机化学实验"教学中,形成"学生为主,教师为辅"的新型教学模式;同时探索思政教育融入有机化学实验课程的实践途径,提出在实践教学过程中,通过典型案例融入思政元素的具体方法,以"立德树人"为理念形成融会贯通、持续创新的新工科教育体系,加强学生的思想教育建设,系统推进大学组织模式、学科专业结构、人才培养机制和教师评价机制等方面的综合改革,构建一流卓越人才培养体系。     

化工原理课程思政教学改革与实践

介绍了化工原理课程思政的育人目标,据此构建课程内容与育人元素的支撑矩阵;融入绿色工程理念,确定课程对绿色工程十二项原则指标点的支撑;深度融合信息技术,基于原有慕课建设专门的课程思政慕课;以精馏章节为例,分享化工原理课程思政教学案例设计思路和方案。同时,对学生测评和学习成果、育人点、重要性及切入自然性进行调研评价,说明通过课程思政教学实践,在潜移默化中培养学生树立正确的世界观、人生观和价值观。为化工类专业课程思政教学提供参考和借鉴。     

高职药物分析课程思政的教学探索与实践

对高职院校药物分析课程进行了课程思政的教学探索与实践。首先基于重构后项目和任务式的课程教学内容,确定课程思政总目标和思政教学主线。然后梳理思政元素,建立课程思政资源库,创新思政教学方式方法,把课程思政教学与知识技能教学相统一,形式多样,生动有趣。最后通过构建思政素养考核机制,使课程思政育人效果可评可测。通过以上探索与实践,有效发挥了专业课程育人的功能,达到良好的教学效果。     

有机化学课程思政教育的现状与应对策略

对理工科来说,有机化学作为一门基础主干课,是高等学校课程思政教育的一块重要阵地。本文详细分析了有机化学课程思政教育的现状,并针对性提出了若干应对策略,尝试为高校专业课程的思政教育提供有益的参考。     

Ab initio studies of the conformations of ethynyl formate, cyano formate and related ethynyl and cyano compounds

The optimized geometries, relative free energies and related thermodynamic properties, harmonic frequencies, and dipole moments have been calculated at the HF and MP2 levels for ethynyl formate (1a), ethynyl acetate (1b), cyano formate, HCO₂CN (1c), cyano acetate (1d), S-ethynyl thioformate (2a), S-ethynyl thioacetate (2b), S-cyano thioformate (2c), S-cyano thioacetate (2d), N-ethynylformamide (3a), N-ethynylacetamide (3b), N-cyanoformamide (3c), and N-cyanoacetamide (3d) with the gaussian 98 program. For ethynyl formate, the calculation for 25 °C at the MP2/6-311++G(df,pd) level predicts that the Z isomer is more stable by 1.23 kcal/mol. For S-ethynyl thioformate, calculations at the MP2/6-311++G(2d,2p) level predict that the E isomer is favored by 0.71 kcal/mol at 25 °C. The E isomers of N-ethynylformamide and N-ethynylacetamide were found at all levels to be more stable than the Z isomers at 25 °C. For cyano formate and cyano acetate, calculations at the MP2/6-311++G(df,pd) level predict that the Z isomers are more stable at 25 °C by 1.50 and 2.72 kcal/mol, respectively. At this level and temperature, the Z isomers of 2c, 2d, 3c, and 3d are predicted to have free energies of 0.46, −0.07, 1.22, and 2.28 kcal/mol, respectively, relative to the E conformations. Z to E free-energy barriers at 25 °C of 8.63, 10.64, 17.63, 7.39, and 14.03 kcal/mol were calculated for 1a, 2a, 3a, 1c, and 3c at the HF/6-311G(d,p) level, and at the HF/6-311+G(d,p) level, the free-energy barrier for 2c was 7.08 kcal/mol.     

Alpha and gamma spectrometry for determination of natural and artificial radionuclides in tea, herbal tea and camomile marketed in Italy

Several kinds of tea, camomile and herbal tea were analysed to determine natural and artificial radioactivity. The radionuclides were determined by alpha (²¹⁰Po) and gamma (²²⁸Ac, ²¹⁴Pb, ²¹⁴Bi, ²¹⁰Pb, ⁴⁰K and ¹³⁷Cs) spectrometry. ²²⁸Ac ranged between 0.6 and 9.0 Bq kg⁻¹_dry; ²¹⁰Po between 1.90 and 36.1 Bq kg⁻¹_dry; ²¹⁴Pb and ²¹⁴Bi between 0.7 and 4.9 Bq kg⁻¹_dry; ²¹⁰Pb between < 10.0 and 58.9 Bq kg⁻¹_dry; ⁴⁰K between 463 and 936 Bq kg⁻¹_dry; ¹³⁷Cs between < 0.3 and 2.6 Bq kg⁻¹_dry. The percentage of ²¹⁰Po extraction in infusion was also determined; the arithmetical mean value of percentage of ²¹⁰Po extraction resulted 20.7 ± 7.50.     

元素医学防治心脑血管病研究和应用

从心脑血管疾病的流行率、心脑血管疾病的元素病因、心脑血管疾病的元素诊断和心脑血管疾病的元素治疗等4个方面讨论了元素医学防治心脑血管疾病的临床意义。     

Determination of low level nitrite and nitrate in biological, food and environmental samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (LC-FL) methods have been proposed for the determination of low level nitrite and nitrate in biological, food and environmental samples. The methods include derivatization of aqueous nitrite with 2,3-diaminonaphthalene (DAN), enzymatic reduction of nitrate to nitrite, extraction with toluene and chromatographic analyses of highly fluorescent 2,3-naphthotriazole (NAT) derivative of nitrite by using GC-MS in selected-ion-monitoring (SIM) mode and LC-FL. Nitrite and nitrate ions in solid samples were extracted with 0.5 M aqueous NaOH by sonication. The recoveries of nitrite and nitrate ions based on GC-MS and LC-FL results were 98.40% and 98.10% and the precision of these methods, as indicated by the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 1.00% for nitrite and 1.20% for nitrate, respectively. The limits of detection of the GC-MS in SIM mode and LC-FL methods based on S/N = 3 were 0.02 and 0.29 pg/ml for nitrite and 0.03 and 0.30 pg/ml for nitrate, respectively.     

软硬酸碱规则与体内微量元素

阐述了ＳＨＡＢ规则,分类,酸碱软硬度的定量标度和理论解释。根据ＳＨＡＢ规则把体内微量元素分为Ｌｅｗｉｓ硬酸,软酸与交界酸和硬碱,软碱与交界碱,体内不同体液和器官含有丰富的软硬配体,与各类软硬酸（金属离子）结合成不同稳定性的配合物,发挥其生物活性作用。     

Elucidation of activity of copper and copper oxide nanomaterials for electrocatalytic and photoelectrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide

Copper- and copper oxide–based materials are, in principle, promising components (supports, reactive sites, and visible light–absorbing semiconductors) of electrocatalysts and photocathodes for reduction of carbon dioxide. Electrochemical and photoelectrochemical approaches are generally suitable for the low-temperature CO₂-conversion to carbon-based simple organic fuels or utility chemicals.Different concepts of utilization, including nanostructuring, doping, admixing, preconditioning, modification, or functionalization of various copper- and copper oxide–based systems for catalytic electroreduction and photoelectrochemical reduction of CO₂ are elucidated, as well as important strategies to enhance the systems' overall activity and stability are discussed.     

Potentiometric and thermodynamic studies of 2-mercapto-5-(2-hydroxynaphthylideamino)-1,3,4-thiadiazole and its metal complexes

Summary Proton-ligand dissociation constant of 2-mercapto-5-(2-hydroxynaphthylideamino)-1,3,4-thiadiazole (MHT) and the stepwise stability constants of its metal complexes were determined potentiometrically in 40 mass/mass% ethanol-water mixture containing 0.1 M KCl. The stabilities of the complexes follow the order: Cu²⁺>Ni²⁺>Co²⁺>Mn²⁺. The dissociation constant (pK^H) of MHT and the stability constants (logK) of its metal complexes were determined at different temperatures and the corresponding thermodynamic parameters were calculated and discussed. The proton dissociation process is non-spontaneous, endothermic and entropically unfavoured. The formation of the metal complexes was found to be spontaneous, endothermic and entropically favoured.     

Synthesis and Structure of 1- and 2-Isomers of (Trimethoxysilylmethyl) and (Silatranylmethyl)benzotriazole

We have synthesized 1- and 2-(trimethylsilylmethyl)- and 1- and 2-(trimethoxysilylmethyl)benzotriazoles by reaction of 1,2,3-benzotriazolylsodium with trimethyl- or trimethoxy(chloromethyl)silane. We obtained 1- and 2-(silatranylmethyl)benzotriazoles by transesterification of the latter with triethanolamine.     

Studies of some monocyclic and bicyclic arylacetonitriles

The high-resolution (1)H, (13)C, (1)H-(1)H COSY and (1)H-(13)C COSY NMR spectra have been recorded in CDCl(3) for arylacetonitriles 1-12 and analyzed. The arylacetonitriles 3-7 exist in two isomeric forms E (methyl group is anti to cyano group) and Z (the methyl group is syn to cyano group) in solution. Normal chair conformation with equatorial orientations of phenyl rings at C-2 and C-6 for monocyclic nitriles 1 and 2, epimeric chair structure EC (axial configuration of methyl group at C-3) for both the E and Z isomers of arylacetonitrile derivatives (3-7) and a distorted boat form, B(3), for the N-acylacetonitrile derivatives (8-10) have been proposed based on NMR data. The bicyclic nitriles 11 and 12 exist in twin chair conformations in solution. DFT calculations and chemical shifts also support these conformations. Geometry optimizations for 1-12 were carried out according to density functional theory using B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) basis set and for 1 and 8 the theoretical geometrical parameters have been compared with those of single crystal measurements.     

Dynamic mechanical and gas transport properties of blends and random copolymers of bisphenol-A polycarbonate and tetramethyl bisphenol-A polycarbonate

Dynamic mechanical and gas transport properties for homogeneous homopolymer blends and random copolymers of bisphenol-A and tetramethyl bisphenol-A polycarbonates (PC-TMPC) were determined. The gas transport measurements were performed at 35°C for the gases He, H₂, O₂, Ar, N₂, CH₄, and CO₂. The results show that the copolymers have lower permeability, apparent diffusion, and solubility coefficients than the blends. Permeability coefficients for blends follow a semilogarithmic ideal mixing rule while copolymers exhibit negative deviations from this. Specific volume measurements show that the free volume available for gas transport is slightly larger in copolymers than in blends of the same composition. These apparently contradictory results may relate to the differences in local mode chain motions observed for the copolymer and blend series. The γ relaxation processes in PC and TMPC seem to operate independently in the blends (no intermolecular coupling) while there is clear evidence for intramolecular coupling in the copolymers. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.