激光诱导金纳米棒图案化光纤SERS探针

研究了激光诱导沉积制备光纤表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)探针,并对探针的SERS性能进行检测。探讨光纤探针制备过程中金纳米棒溶液的浓度对探针灵敏度的影响。结果表明,将不同浓度的金纳米棒溶液进行激光诱导,在光纤端面会形成金纳米棒团簇和分散两种纳米结构。金纳米棒溶液的浓度、激光功率、诱导时间等因素都会对诱导沉积图案产生影响。实验利用功率为5 mW的激光进行诱导,在1.5×10^-9, 1.0×10^-9和7.5×10^-10 mol·L^-1的金纳米棒溶液中,经5 min沉积,制备出不同图案的光纤SERS探针。采用晶种法合成金纳米棒,用透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察金纳米棒形貌,并根据TEM图像分析计算了合成金纳米棒的长径比约为3.8。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察金纳米棒的形貌以及激光诱导沉积后的纤维修饰端形貌,7.5×10^-10 mol·L^-1的金纳米棒溶液进行激光诱导,金纳米棒在光纤端面分布较为分散,而1.5×10^-9和1.0×10^-...     

核酸适配体纳米金共振散射光谱检测血清中钾离子

在pH7.0的Na2HPO4-NaH2PO4缓冲溶液中,纳米金与适配体(aptamer)结合形成较稳定的aptamer-Au复合物,且不被NaCl聚集。在85℃水浴中,K+与aptamer作用后折叠形成稳定的G-四分体结构复合物且释放出纳米金。在高浓度盐作用下,纳米金聚集成较大粒径的纳米金颗粒,导致体系563nm处的共振散射强度增大,其平均粒径为120nm。文章研究了K+ -随机单链DNA1(ssDNA1)-纳米金、K+ -ssD-NA2-纳米金和K+ -aptamer-纳米金体系的共振散射光谱特性,并用圆二色光谱技术证明了核酸适配体结构的变化。考察了pH、NaCl浓度、aptamer浓度、纳米金用量以及Cu2+、Mg2+、Pb2+、Ca2+、Al3+、Zn2+Fe3+等常见重金属离子等对测定K+的影响,结果显示这些离子不干扰测定,该法具有较好的选择性。在选定条件下,K+浓度在0.67～3350μmol·L-1范围与共振散射峰值ΔI呈良好的线性关系,回归方程、相关系数、检出限分别为ΔI=0.167c-0.7,0.9932,0.3μmol·L-1 K+。该法用于血清样品分析,结果与离子选择电极法一致。     

基于比色法和表面增强拉曼光谱双传感系统检测水中的芘

设计了一种基于AgNPs-AuNPs的核-卫星纳米结构检测水样中多环芳烃芘的比色和SERS双通道传感系统。首先将单巯基β-环糊精修饰到纳米金颗粒和纳米银颗粒的表面。受益于氧化态的四甲基联苯胺的触发,当体系中存在多环芳烃芘时,纳米颗粒会自组装形成AgNPs-pyrene-AuNPs的核-卫星结构。芘分子在其中充当分子桥的作用,拉近纳米粒子距离,使得纳米粒子发生一定的聚集。所以芘分子的个数直接影响AgNPs-pyrene-AuNPs的核-卫星结构数量,使溶液颜色发生变化,能够通过目测法建立溶液颜色与芘浓度的关系;组装形成的的核-卫星结构具有非常丰富的“热点”而表现出较强的表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)活性,可通过SERS方法实现芘分子的高灵敏高特异检测。此结构可通过比色法和SERS方法实现水中芘的高灵敏高特异性检测。该方法可以在25 min内快速完成微量芘的检测,比色法对芘的检出限为3.4μmol·L^-1, SERS法的检出限为0.42μmol·L^-1。根据上述原理,基于AgNPs-PAHs-AuNPs核-卫星结构的SERS传感器可用来检测水样中的...     

适配体磁纳米探针-激光诱导荧光特异识别微囊藻毒素-LR

微囊藻毒素-LR(MC-LR)具有强烈的肝毒性、致癌性和发育毒性,亟需严格监测。为实现环境水体中微痕量MC-LR的快速特异灵敏的分析识别,以金属有机框架化合物(MOF)为介导,增强磁纳米粒子比表面积,高效负载纳米金和适配体-cDNA分子杂交荧光探针,研发新型的适配体功能化磁纳米荧光探针(Fe₃O₄@MIL-101-NH₂@Au@aptamer),实现了对MC-LR的适配体特异识别-激光诱导荧光(LIF)超高灵敏分析。论文详细研究了适配体磁纳米探针荧光检测MC-LR的可行性、 MC-LR测定的优化条件及其方法性能。结果表明：MOF修饰的磁纳米颗粒Fe₃O₄@MIL-101-NH₂的Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)比表面积达到114.02 m²·g^-1,比单一Fe₃O₄提高了近5倍,适配体-cDNA杂交荧光探针在磁纳米颗粒表面的修饰率达98%以上,适配...     

三聚氰胺-铜(Ⅱ)配合物抑制AT-双链铜纳米颗粒合成荧光检测三聚氰胺（英文）

基于三聚氰胺与铜离子配位反应并抑制AT-双链铜纳米颗粒合成,构建了一种新型的"turn-off"策略检测三聚氰胺。当三聚氰胺存在时,与铜离子发生配位反应,使得后期合成铜纳米颗粒的铜离子浓度不够,导致铜纳米颗粒荧光减弱。在最优化实验条件下,对三聚氰胺检测的线性范围为1~150μmol·L~(-1),检出限达0.5μmol·L~(-1)。此外,该方法还可以检测牛奶样品中的三聚氰胺,回收率良好。     

适配体纳米金比色分析技术研究进展

核酸适配体作为一种生物识别分子,其本质是一段单链DNA或RNA,折叠形成特定的二级、三级构象后与靶标分子以高亲和力高特异性结合。纳米金具有强烈的粒子间距光学效应,其在分散状态下呈红色,发生凝聚后变为蓝色。适配体可以通过共价偶联或静电吸附与纳米金结合,通过结合靶标来控制纳米金的颜色变化,从而提供了一种简单、快速、灵敏、可以肉眼观察的快速分析技术。综述了适配体纳米金比色分析技术的研究进展,通过对不同方法比较和讨论,提出了未来的研究方向。     

原子吸收光谱法测定粉葛中铜、铅和镉

用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定粉葛中铜的含量,石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定粉葛中铅、镉的含量。在实验条件优化情况下,测定方法铜、铅、镉的检出限分别为:0.03mg·L^-1、0.243μg·L^-1和0.012μg·L^-1,回收率在97.26%—105.60%之间,相对标准偏差均小于5%。实验结果表明,该方法简便、快速、灵敏。所测不同产地粉葛样品中铜、铅和镉3种重金属元素含量均在《药用植物及制剂进出口绿色行业标准》的限量指标内。     

PVDF微孔滤膜负载金纳米粒子用于牛奶中三聚氰胺的SERS快速检测

本文报道了一种利用聚偏二氟乙烯(Polyviny Lidene Fluoride,PVDF)微孔滤膜为载体的三聚氰胺(Melamine,MAM)的简便快速痕量分析技术。通过柠檬酸钠还原法制得平均粒径为30nm的纳米金溶胶,加入不同浓度的三聚氰胺后金纳米粒子快速聚集,这种纳米金聚集体可以通过简便快捷的过滤技术截留在PVDF微孔滤膜表面,进而用于SERS检测,在水溶液中最低检测浓度为0.05mg/L。我们进一步在牛奶样品中进行检测,在牛奶中检测限可以达到1mg/L,满足大部分国家规定的婴儿配方食品中三聚氰胺的限量值为1mg/kg的参考标准。该分析方法制备过程简单、成本低廉、总分析时间短,易于实现现场快速灵敏检测,应用前景广阔。     

我国某地方地表水质的研究

研究了Hg、As、Se、Cu、Pb和大肠菌群等方面含量.分析了地表水现状、特征及其原因。研究结果表明:地表水质各指标的实测数值有些不符合国家地表水标准,污水水质在一定范围内波动:Hg(0—O.012μg·L^-1)、As(0.7—39μg·L^-1)、Se(0.04—0.7μg·L^-1)、Cu(0—0.003mg·L^-1)、Pb(0—0.016mg·L^-1)、粪大肠菌群(0—52000N·L^-1)。地表水污染可能是由工业废水和生活废水的排放情况造成的。研究表明,Hg、As、Se、Cu、Pb基本符合要求,部分大肠菌群超标。     

用适配体修饰纳米金做共振瑞利散射光谱探针检测妥布霉素

用硼氢化钠还原氯金酸制备了金纳米粒子(GN),用妥布霉素适配体(Apt)修饰GN可获得较稳定的Apt-GN探针。在pH 6.8 Na₂HPO₄-NaH₂PO₄(PBS)缓冲液及NaCl存在下,Apt-GN探针稳定而不聚集;当有妥布霉素(Tbc)存在时,它与Apt-GN探针中的Apt特异性结合并释放出纳米金,纳米金在NaCl作用下聚集,导致体系在368 nm处的共振瑞利散射光增强。在选定实验条件下,368 nm处的共振散射峰强度的增大值ΔI与抗生素妥布霉素(Tbc)浓度在1.9～58.3 ng·mL-1范围内呈良好线性关系,其线性回归方程为ΔI=35.3c-23,检出限为0.8 ng·mL-1 妥布霉素。分别对10.0,20.0和30.0 ng·mL-1 Tbc平行测定5次,求得其相对标准偏差分别为6.8%,5.0%和4.4%。考察了共存离子对测定38.9 ng·mL-1 妥布霉素的干扰情况。结果表明,当相对误差在±10%以内,80倍Zn2+;40倍L-谷氨酸,Cu2+,Mg2+,Ca2+;20倍葡萄糖、盐酸土霉素;10倍L-苯丙氨酸、甘氨酸;2倍L-天冬氨酸;6倍HSA和BSA不干扰测定。这说明本方法具有较好的选择性。该法用于分析测定妥布霉素滴眼液中的妥布霉素含量,结果令人满意,相对标准偏差在6.5%～7.6%之间,回收率在95.0%～107%之间。     

Gold Nanoparticles‐Based DNA Logic Gate for miRNA Inputs Analysis Coupling Strand Displacement Reaction and Hybridization Chain Reaction

The molecular level DNA logic gates assisted by nanomaterials hold great promise for disease diagnosis applications. However, designing convenient and sensitive logic gates for molecular diagnostics still remains challenging. In this work, a DNA logic gate platform for miRNA inputs analysis based on the observation of localized surface plasmon resonance variation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is fabricated. As a demonstration, two biomarkers to differentiate indolent and aggressive forms of prostate cancer, miR‐200c and miR‐605, are selected as examples of logical inputs. In addition, five DNA probes are designed according to strand displacement reaction and hybridization chain reaction which are required for DNA logical operation. Since target miRNA inputs are able to trigger DNA structural transformations, which are further used to precisely regulate salt‐induced AuNPs aggregation, miRNA inputs information can be converted to the information of AuNPs states as outputs. This developed system performs amplified detection of low‐abundant target miRNAs without the requirement of any enzymes. In addition, single base‐pair mismatched miRNAs can be effectively differentiated. High‐order logic gates can also be developed with further modifications. Therefore, the DNA AND logic gate is successfully constructed with flexible operations, which has potential in biochemical study and disease diagnosis.     

利用纳米金局域表面等离子体共振散射方法检测痕量汞(Ⅱ)

在Britton-Robinson(BR)(pH为9.0)缓冲介质中,微量Hg(Ⅱ)离子能诱使被巯基乙酸钠包被的AuNPs发生聚集,以此诱发局域表面等离子体共振(localized surface plasmon resonance, LSPR)散射峰的出现,随着Hg(Ⅱ)浓度的不断增加,体系在548 nm的LSPR散射信号显著增强,其散射强度与Hg(Ⅱ)的浓度具有相关性,且在0.08～0.8 μmol·L-1范围内呈现一定的线性关系,由此构建了以Hg(Ⅱ)为目标分析物的LSPR散射分析检测方法,检测限为8 nmol·L-1。研究了体系的LSPR散射光谱以及吸收光谱,利用扫描电镜考察了AuNPs与Hg(Ⅱ)反应前后粒径的变化情况,发现单独的AuNPs呈现良好的分散状态,当加入Hg(Ⅱ)后,AuNPs呈现聚集状态。同时探讨了体系反应机理,结果表明Hg(Ⅱ)的加入与AuNPs表面的羧基发生螯合作用诱导了AuNPs的聚集。考察了体系对金属离子Hg(Ⅱ)的选择性,实验中选择了一系列的金属离子与AuNPs作用,其结果表明Hg(Ⅱ)与AuNPs作用的LSPR散射信号增强效果最为明显,而其余离子即使在浓度较高时其LSPR散射强度依然较弱,说明了实验设计方案对Hg(Ⅱ)具有优异的选择性。此外,研究了体系酸度,离子强度以及稳定剂对体系的影响。实验所建立起来的方法操作简单,分析速度快速,检测灵敏度较高。该方法已经成功用于环境水样中痕量Hg(Ⅱ)的检测。     

基于金纳米粒子比色法检测全氟辛烷磺酸

全氟辛烷磺酸(perfluorooctanesulfonate,PFOS)具有遗传毒性、生物蓄积性和持久性,且难以降解,因此对其进行分析研究具有十分重要的意义。实验发现,PFOS能使巯基乙胺包被的正电金纳米粒子发生聚集,引起体系吸收信号及颜色改变,据此建立了检测PFOS的紫外-可见分光光度法及比色法。线性方程为A=-0.346+0.049c,相关系数为0.992 4,线性范围0.8～8.0 μmol·L-1,检出限为80 nmol·L-1。研究表明：金纳米粒子在524 nm有特征吸收峰,在650 nm处有较宽吸收峰,PFOS的加入会使金纳米粒子524 nm吸收峰降低,650 nm吸收峰增强,随着PFOS浓度增大,体系颜色由酒红色向红紫色变化。表征了体系的扫描电镜显微成像(SEM)及紫外吸收光谱,考察了金纳米粒子的聚集情况,实验缓冲体系选用pH 5.0的HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液。本方法具有简单、快速等特点,可通过肉眼观察颜色变化来实现对环境污染物PFOS的检测。本方法用于实际水样中PFOS的检测,RSD≤4.4％。     

Colorimetric detection of melamine based on <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-chlorobenzenesulfonic acid-modified AuNPs

A highly selective and sensitive method is developed for colorimetric detection of melamine using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized with p-chlorobenzenesulfonic acid. The addition of melamine induced the aggregation of AuNPs, as evidenced from the morphological characterizations and the color changed from red wine to blue, which could also be monitored by the UV–visible spectrometer and even naked eyes. This process caused a significant increase in the absorbance ratio (A_650nm/A_520nm) of p-chlorobenzenesulfonic acid–AuNPs. Under optimized conditions, the system exhibited a linear response to melamine in the range of 6.0 × 10^?7–1.5 × 10^?6 mol L^?1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.997, and the limit of detection can even be 2.3 nM, which was much lower than some other methods and the safe limits (20 μM in both the USA and EU, 8.0 μM for infant formula in China, 1.2 μM in the CAC (Codex Alimentarius Commission) review for melamine in liquid infant formula). More importantly, the developed method presented excellent tolerance to coexisting common metal ions such as Ca²⁺, Zn²⁺, whose concentration is 1000 times of melamine, so that it had been applied to the analysis of melamine in liquid milk and milk powder with the recovery of 97.0–101 % and 100–103 %, respectively, indicating that the proposed method is quite a highly effective means to determine melamine in milk products.     

Reconfigurable all-optical logic gate using four-wave mixing (FWM) in HNLF for NRZ-PolSK signal

We demonstrate a reconfigurable all-optical logic gate for NRZ-PolSK signal based on FWM in a highly nonlinear fiber at 10 Gb/s. Half subtracter, XOR, AB?, āB or XNOR, AND, and NOR logic gates can be implemented simultaneously. The input power for the HNLF is optimized to be as low as about 15.2 dBm and the high Q factors above 8 dB for eye diagrams are achieved. Experimental results show Q factors of AB?, āB, AND, and NOR were higher than those of XOR, and XNOR. Error-free operation is achieved experimentally for 10 Gb/s 2⁷-1 pseudorandom bit sequence (PRBS) data. Power penalties for the logic gate are less than 3 dB. Simulation analysis about the wavelength characteristic for all logic gates is given and it predicts that the reconfigurable logic gate can realize error-free operation when the wavelength separation is less than 5 nm.     

Design of ultra compact all-optical XOR and AND logic gates with low power consumption

We propose a novel ultra-compact all-optical XOR and AND logic gates without using nonlinear optics. In order to realize these devices, we adopt photonic crystal waveguides (PCWs) based on multi-mode interference devices. Numerical results show that the operating bandwidth of the ON to OFF logic-level contrast ratio of not less than 6.79 dB is 35 nm for XOR logic gate and 9 nm for AND logic gate. Proposed logic gates have the potential to be key components for an optical packet switching system due to their small feature sizes and low power consumption.     

Controlled optical photonic crystal AND gate using nematic liquid crystal layers

Two optical AND gates built in 2D photonic crystal (PhC) platform have been proposed and numerically simulated using 2D finite element method (FEM). The suggested logic gates consist of five PhC waveguides and silicon annular ring resonator filled by nematic liquid crystal (NLC) of type E7. The first proposed AND gate can handle two inputs and support two operating wavelengths, λ = 1.5 and 1.55 µm. However, the second proposed AND gate can handle three inputs at λ = 1.5 µm. The reported logic gates offer high and low transmission levels with a threshold of 0.5 and an ultra-high bit rate of not less than 0.3 Tbits/s. Further, the suggested AND gates operation can be switched off by using the NLC layer.     

Realization optical signal processing components using SOA

This paper simulated simultaneously AND and NOT logic gate with frequency converter by using semiconductor optical amplifier. These logic gates and frequency converter are obtained with SOA effects like XGM and FWM of signals. Simulative realization of these logic gates and frequency converter will lead revolution in optical signal processing for high speed operation.     

基于半导体光纤环形腔激光器的新型全光AND门和NOR门

提出了一种新型的基于半导体光纤环形腔激光器(SFRL)中同时发生的四波混频效应和交叉增益调制效应同时实现全光AND门和NOR门方案，并建立了这种全光逻辑门完整的宽带理论模型.通过数值模拟的方法，研究了输入信号光峰值功率及SFRL中两个耦合器的耦合比对这种全光逻辑门输出特性的影响. 关键词： 半导体光纤环形腔激光器 全光逻辑门 四波混频 交叉增益调制     

Design of on-chip optical logic gates in 2D silicon photonic crystal slab

Optical Review - We have demonstrated the design of two types of on-chip optical logic gates in 2D silicon PC slab, which can support AND and XOR logic gate functions at different input...