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以“暖宝宝”为情境素材,以实验探究和小组讨论为主要活动方式,设计并实施了“金属的电化学腐蚀与防护”的探究教学.在教学设计中,详述了2个核心探究: “暖宝宝”发热原理的探究和金属电化学防护原理的探究,分析了核心探究活动在培养学生高级思维和创新能力方面的功能价值,反思了教学素材的选取和整合、情境创设的全程性及哲学思想的渗透对激发学生学习兴趣、培养学生的创新动机情感和创造力等方面的重要意义. 相似文献
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1设计思想"金属的电化学腐蚀"在苏教版教材体系中分别出现在初中教材、《化学2》、《化学反应原理》、《化学与生活》、《化学与技术》5本教材上,化学课程标准对金属的腐蚀在各个板块的教学要求各有侧重,见表1. 相似文献
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金属电化学腐蚀的实验探究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
金属的电化学腐蚀是高二化学新教材(人教版)“原电池原理及其应用”一节的教学难点,教师按照传统的教学方法向学生讲清楚钢铁在潮湿空气里形成原电池时正、负极发生的反应并不容易。笔者在教学实践中采用实验探究式教学,把课堂教学与研究性学习结合起来,引导学生通过自主活动来探究金属电化学腐蚀的一些规律,既有助于理解、巩固化学知识,又能培养学生的实践能力和探究精神。 相似文献
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以"钢铁电化学腐蚀原理的再认识"为项目,教师用"项目式教学"的方式引导学生深入地认识钢铁电化学腐蚀原理。详细介绍了教师如何确立项目,如何规划项目,如何实施项目。学生在原有金属腐蚀原理的基础上,又学习了氧浓差电池腐蚀,对原电池的原理有了更加深入的理解。根据氧浓差电池腐蚀的特点,学生提炼了一个合理的简易判据来判断氧浓差电池腐蚀。项目结束之后,学生利用思维导图重新构建了金属腐蚀和防护的知识结构。 相似文献
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腐蚀金属电极的电化学频域测量研究进展──金属腐蚀与防护研究所电化学研究介绍之一 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
腐蚀金属电极的电化学频域测量研究进展──金属腐蚀与防护研究所电化学研究介绍之一曹楚南(金属腐蚀与防护国家重点实验室,金属腐蚀与防护研究所,沈阳110015)腐蚀电化学是研究与腐蚀有关的电化学问题,具体的研究对象为腐蚀金属电极。虽然电化学中的基本原理和... 相似文献
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选择"铁、铜性质主题式复习"为案例,以铁器和铜器文物为主题背景,将铁、铜性质的复习与文物知识的介绍结合起来,使学生在学习过程中主动建构知识,在复习化学知识的同时,接触了一些文物知识,拓宽了视野,激发了学习兴趣。 相似文献
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Evaluation of thermodynamic and kinetic stability of CuAlO<Subscript>2</Subscript> and CuGaO<Subscript>2</Subscript> 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yuh Kumekawa Motohiro Hirai Yuhki Kobayashi Satoshi Endoh Eri Oikawa Takuya Hashimoto 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2010,100(1):57-63
Thermodynamic and kinetic stabilities of CuAlO2 and CuGaO2 have been evaluated by using thermogravimetry and thermodynamic calculations. It has been revealed that CuAlO2 and CuGaO2 are not thermodynamically stable in air below 800 °C and 1,200 °C, respectively, and that the oxidation reaction, 4CuMO2 + O2 → 2CuO + 2CuM2O4 (M = Al, Ga), should occur if the reaction kinetics are high enough. However, rate constants and activation energies indicated
slow kinetics of the oxidation reaction, showing kinetic stability of CuMO2 even under some thermodynamically unstable temperatures and atmospheres. It was also concluded that CuAlO2 showed higher thermodynamic and kinetic stability than CuGaO2. 相似文献
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Nikolina L. Petrova Dimitar S. Todorovsky Veselinka G. Vasileva 《Central European Journal of Chemistry》2005,3(2):263-278
Mn-, LaMn- and LaCaMn-citrates were synthesized at 60–120°C in ethylene glycol medium using chlorides or nitrates as metal
sources. Their composition, IR spectra and thermal decomposition were studied. Equimolar La/Mn ratio has been established
in the complex, prepared from chloride solution with the same initial composition of the metals. In the isolated three-metallic
complex the molar ratio of the metals deviates from the composition in the initial solution. The final products of the heating
of Mn- and mixed-metal LaMn-citrates at 1000°C are phase-homogeneous Mn3O4 (hausmannite) and LaMnO3 respectively. Parasitic phase(s) are observed in LaxCa1−xMnyO3, produced from LaCaMn-citrate. 相似文献
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DB Hassine M Abderrabba Y Yvon A Lebrihi F Mathieu F Couderc J Bouajila 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2012,17(8):9540-9558
In this study, essential oil and various extracts (hexane, petroleum ether, acetone, ethanol, methanol and water) of Eucalyptus gilii were screened for their chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The essential oil chemical composition was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID), respectively. Thirty four compounds were identified, corresponding to 99.5% of the total essential oil. Tannins [104.9-251.3 g catechin equivalent (CE)/Kg dry mass], flavonoids [3.3-34.3 g quercetin equivalent (QE)/Kg dry mass], phenolics [4.7-216.6 g gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/Kg dry mass] and anthocyannins [1.2-45.3 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalent (C3GE)/Kg dry mass] of various extracts were investigated. Free radical scavenging capacity of all samples was determinedt. In the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, the IC50 of essential oil was 163.5 ± 10.7 mg/L and in the 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate (ABTS) assay, it was 94.7 ± 7.1 mg/L. Among the various extracts, the water extract showed the best result (IC50 = 11.4 ± 0.6 mg/L) in the DPPH assay which was comparable to vitamin C (IC50 = 4.4 ± 0.2 mg/L). The antimicrobial activities were evaluated against different bacterial and fungal strains. Gram positive bacteria were found to be more sensitive to the essential oil and extracts than Gram negative ones. Anthocyanins seem to have a major effect on the growth of Bacillus subtilis (R2 = 0.79). A significant antifungal activity was observed against the yeast and fungi. Correlations between chemical composition and antioxidant activities were studied and R2 values were about 0.96 for the effect of phenolics on the DPPH assay. 相似文献
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M. Donaldson Rebecca Stevens B. E. Lang Juliana Boerio-Goates B. F. Woodfielda R. L. Putnam Alexandra Navrotsky 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2005,81(3):617-625
Summary As part of a larger study of the physical properties of potential ceramic hosts for nuclear wastes, we report the molar heat capacity of brannerite (UTi2O6) and its cerium analog (CeTi2O6) from 10 to 400 K using an adiabatic calorimeter. At 298.15 K the standard molar heat capacities are (179.46±0.18) J K-1 mol-1 for UTi2O6 and (172.78±0.17) J K-1 mol-1 for CeTi2O6. Entropies were calculated from smooth fits of the experimental data and were found to be (175.56±0.35) J K-1 mol-1 and (171.63±0.34) J K-1 mol-1 for UTi2O6 and CeTi2O6, respectively. Using these entropies and enthalpy of formation data reported in the literature, Gibb’s free energies of formation from the elements and constituent oxides were calculated. Standard free energies of formation from the elements are (-2814.7±5.6) kJ mol-1 for UTi2O6 and (-2786.3±5.6) kJ mol-1 for CeTi2O6. The free energy of formation from the oxides at T=298.15 K are (-5.31±0.01) kJ mol-1 and (15.88±0.03) kJ mol-1 for UTi2O6 and CeTi2O6, respectively. 相似文献
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V. P. Gubskaya L. N. Islamova G. M. Fazleeva Sh. K. Latypov A. F. Saifina A. T. Gubaidullin D. R. Sharafutdinova I. A. Nuretdinov O. G. Sinyashin 《Russian Chemical Bulletin》2016,65(6):1556-1565
New chromatographically pure monoand hexamethanofullerenes C60 and C70 containing active allylic groups were synthesized by Bingel—Hirsch reaction. These compounds are promising for the studies of biological activity, as well as for obtaining on their basis new fullerenecontaining materials. The purity and composition of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and HPLC, their structure was established by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. 相似文献
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Separation and purification of <Superscript>249</Superscript>Cf and <Superscript>245</Superscript>Cm
There is a need to provide radioactivity standards of the higher actinides in support of both decommissioning and remediation
activities as well as routine environmental analysis. In the case 249Cf, this will provide a useful calibration nuclide for both α-and γ-spectrometry as well as improving knowledge of the decay
scheme for this nuclide. There is anecdotal evidence to suggest that the chemical yield of americium and curium may differ
in radiochemical analysis. Thus, a chemical yield tracer of 245Cm may help to resolve this issue and will be suitable for both, suitable for use as a chemical yield tracer for both α-particle
spectrometry and mass spectrometry. An aged source of 249Cf was used as the source material for the separation of these two nuclides by cation-exchange, using 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propanoic
acid at controlled pH as an eluant, 249Cf being eluted before the 245Cm daughter. The purity of both nuclides was measured by γ-ray spectrometry. 相似文献
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Burkhard Ziemer Annegrit Rabis Hans‐Uwe Steinberger 《Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry》2000,56(2):e58-e59
New triclinic polymorphs of triphenylphosphine, (I), and triphenylphosphine sulfide, (II), were crystallized. For the structure of (I), it is obvious that the highest peaks in the final difference electron‐density map are located at the `lone‐pair regions' of P atoms. We have observed this effect in two further phosphorous‐containing structures. 相似文献
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A. N. Enyashin V. V. Ivanovskaya I. R. Shein Yu. N. Makurin N. I. Medvedeva A. A. Sofronov A. L. Ivanovskii 《Journal of Structural Chemistry》2004,45(4):547-556
Atomic models of achiral NbSe2 nanotubes are suggested. Band structure calculations have been performed to investigate the electronic structure and determine the parameters of interatomic interactions. The distribution of the density of states and pair bond occupancies of NbSe2 nanotubes are analyzed in relation to the type of the atomic configuration and the tube diameter; the results are compared with the band structure of the 2H-NbSe2 crystal. Calculations have been carried out on hypothetical superstoichiometric nanotubes with a formal composition Nb1.25Se2 as possible quasi-one-dimensional nanoforms of autointercalated niobium diselenide.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by A. N. Enyashin, V. V. Ivanovskaya, I. R. Shein, Yu. N. Makurin, N. I. Medvedeva, A. A. Sofronov, and A. L. IvanovskiiTranslated from Zhurnal Strukturnoi Khimii, Vol. 45, No. 4, pp. 579–588, July–August, 2004.This revised version was published online in April 2005 with a corrected cover date. 相似文献
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科学史奠基者乔治·萨顿在《科学史导论》第二卷的第一部分对我国宋代酿酒著作《北山酒经》予以了简要描述,出现了“spirits”“distillation”等字样;而《北山酒经》被众多学者认为其描述对象是发酵酒(黄酒)。本文从东西方蒸馏技术和相关著作的文本分析对《科学史导论》中提及的蒸馏技术和蒸馏酒存在的可能性提出了质疑。 相似文献