生活境脉促体验 实验创新助探究—指向核心素养发展的“铁及其化合物的应用”教学实践

有机融合学生生活中的经验与体验和化学学习中的认知与思维,可优化课堂进程,提高学习效率,让化学知识建构的过程同时成为化学学科核心素养发展提升的过程。在“铁及其化合物的应用”的教学中,以“笔·墨”为情境生成真实问题,在互动、探究、体验中整合物质性质,建构思维模型,并应用模型解决问题,发展科学探究、证据推理、模型认知等化学学科核心素养。     

序言

化学是一门承上启下、渗透于各种新兴交叉领域的中心学科．化学作为一门研究物质相互作用与转化的科学,其目标是认识物质的结构一性能关系,开发新的反应和合成技术,创造新的物质,满足人类不断增长的物质需求．     

迈向元素周期律的第一人:约翰·沃尔夫冈·杜布莱纳

德国化学家约翰·沃尔夫冈·杜布莱纳于1829年提出元素三组律，是探索元素性质与原子量之间关系的第一人，开创了元素周期律研究的先河，同时也在化学的许多其他领域做出了重大贡献。2019年是国际化学元素周期表年，同时也是杜布莱纳逝世170周年，谨以此文纪念这位伟大的学者。     

埃米尔·费歇尔的学术成就和贡献*

赫尔曼·埃米尔·费歇尔(Hermann Emil Fischer)是19世纪德国著名科学家、一代化学大师。他发现了苯肼,对糖、嘌呤、肽、蛋白质、立体化学及其他一些化学领域进行了广泛深入的研究,因其在糖类、嘌呤类有机化合物方面的卓越贡献,获得了1902年诺贝尔化学奖。他的研究领域集中在对有机化学中那些与人类生活、生命有密切关系的有机物质探索,提出了“锁-匙”模型,因而被称为生物化学的奠基人。本文回顾了费歇尔的学术生平与重要成就,希望对医药专业相关学术及研究者有所启迪,也希望能为药学专业开展课程思政建设提供教学资源。     

2MgO·2B2O3·MgCl2·14H2O-7.8%H3BO3-H2O体系多温相关系研究

研究了2MgO·2B2O3·MgCl2·14H20在不同温度下的7.8%H3BO3水溶液中的相转化产物及其溶解度.IR,XRD,TG及化学分析表明,相转化产物在0～22℃范围内为MgO·2B2O3·9H20;22～68℃为MgO·2B2O3·7.5H20;68～95℃为MgO·2B2O3·7H20;95～98.8℃为MgO·2B2O3·5H20;100～110℃为MgO·B2O3·3H20;110～120℃为2MgO·B2O3·2H20;120～170℃为2MgO·B2O3·1.5H20;170～200℃为2MgO·B2O3·H20.提出了相转化反应原理.     

泛素调节的蛋白质降解--2004年诺贝尔化学奖简介

2004年诺贝尔化学奖颁给了3位发现细胞是如何摧毁蛋白质的科学家——阿龙·切哈诺沃、阿夫拉姆·赫什科和欧文·罗斯.本文详细介绍了他们的发现,重点介绍了泛素调节下蛋白质降解所需要的各种物质及其机理.     

化学科学理解的基本视角及其核心观念

物质及其转化是化学科学的基本问题,也是化学学科教学的回归性问题。化学科学认识活动对其基本问题“物质及其转化”的认识有2大基本任务：一是探寻“物质及其转化”的基本规律,一是建构“物质及其转化”的科学理论。元素视角是化学科学认识其基本问题“物质及其转化”规律性的独特视角。微观认识是化学科学理解或解释其基本问题“物质及其转化”规律性的独特思维方式。元素观、能量观、科学本质观是化学科学的核心观念。     

《结构化学》简介

<正>《结构化学》是由中国科学院主管,中国化学会、中国科学院福建物质结构研究所主办的学术性期刊。1982年由我国著名化学家卢嘉锡院士创办并担任主编,现任主编是著名化学家吴新涛院士。《结构化学》主要报道晶体学,量子化学,药物、材料和催化剂等领域物质性能与结构关系的文章。报道的内容涉及有机化学、无机化学、合成化学、结构化学、材料科学、药物化学、晶体学、理论化学等学科中的微观物质结构与性能关系的研究成果或阶段性成果。与此同时本刊也报道用谱学等物理方法解析物质结构、阐述物质结构与性能关系的论文。     

《结构化学》简介

<正>《结构化学》是由中国科学院主管,中国化学会、中国科学院福建物质结构研究所主办的学术性期刊。1982年由我国著名化学家卢嘉锡院士创办并担任主编,现任主编是著名化学家吴新涛院士。《结构化学》主要报道晶体学,量子化学,药物、材料和催化剂等领域物质性能与结构关系的文章。报道的内容涉及有机化学、无机化学、合成化学、结构化学、材料科学、药物化学、晶体学、理论化学等学科中的微观物质结构与性能关系的研究成果或阶段性成果。与此同时本刊也报道用谱学等物理方法解析物质结构、阐述物质结构与性能关系的论文。     

《结构化学》简介

<正>《结构化学》是由中国科学院主管,中国化学会、中国科学院福建物质结构研究所主办的学术性期刊。1982年由我国著名化学家卢嘉锡院士创办并担任主编,现任主编是著名化学家吴新涛院士。《结构化学》主要报道晶体学,量子化学,药物、材料和催化剂等领域物质性能与结构关系的文章。报道的内容涉及有机化学、无机化学、合成化学、结构化学、材料科学、药物化学、晶体学、理论化学等学科中的微观物质结构与性能关系的研究成果或阶段性成果。与此同时本刊也报道用谱学等物理方法解析物质结构、阐述物质结构与性能关系的论文。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.