退休计划中整合消费、投资和年金的最优决策研究

在人口老龄化和人口长寿背景下,退休者如何配置其在工作期间积累的总财富,才能规避风险并获得较高收益和最大终身福利,是人们关注的重要问题。本文针对达到退休年龄的人群,考虑其退休后的消费、投资和年金配置问题,首先将利率风险和股票风险引入退休者的生命周期模型,得到更加全面的金融市场模型。然后基于Epstein-Zin效用模型,综合考虑退休者的消费效用和遗产需求,求解随机环境下退休者的消费、债券投资、股票投资和购买年金的决策问题。最后,本文展示了在不同的参数设置下退休者如何通过一系列决策实现期望效用的最大化。结果表明:实现效用最大化要求退休者在退休早期配置大量年金;当金融市场(利率,股票)参数变化时,退休者仍需配置大量的年金来提高效用;购买年金能够显著提高退休者的消费水平;遗产动机的增大会减少购买年金的份额;另外,退休者对未来预期寿命的主观低估会降低年金的购买份额;最后,退休者的跨期替代弹性和风险厌恶水平会对各种选择行为产生重要影响。     

带有下方风险控制的退休后最优投资决策

退休后最优投资决策经常采取目标定位模型.然而,传统的目标定位模型无法很好地控制下方风险,即事件“在未来时刻购买年金提供的消费水平低于在退休时刻购买年金提供的消费水平”发生概率较高.文章在传统的目标定位模型里引入安全第一准则,大大降低了下方风险发生概率.利用拉格朗日乘子法、动态规划方法和嵌入法得到了最优策略的半解析解.通过数值算例对比分析了传统目标定位模型和文章模型的下方风险发生概率、终身累计消费均值和破产事件发生次数的性质.     

Heston随机方差模型下确定缴费型养老金的最优投资

本文对确定缴费计划养老金的最终财富期望指数效用最大的最优投资组合进行研究.假设养老金计划的基金可以投资于无风险资产和风险资产,并且风险资产的方差服从Heston模型,得到最优投资和最大期望指数效用的明确表达式.此外,通过数值计算还得到最优投资与各个参数之间的关系.     

考虑红利支付与提前退休的最优投资组合

研究了在经济代理人通过不可逆退休时间选择来调整劳动时间框架下的最优消费和投资问题,主要考虑风险资产派发红利的情形.运用随机控制方法,求解使得消费-闲暇预期效用最大化的最优策略.最优投资组合及最优退休时刻表明,代理人在为提前退休积累财富的同时,也能最佳享受消费和闲暇所带来的快乐.     

Knight不确定下考虑保险和退休的最优消费-投资和遗产问题研究

研究在Knight不确定环境下,考虑投资者遗产和保险,在三种不同借款约束下的最优消费与投资问题.借助于倒向随机微分方程（BsDE）理论求出了投资者最优消费和投资策略的显式表达式.最后结合数值分析,给出含糊与含糊态度对最优消费和投资决策的影响.     

模型不确定和极端事件冲击下带通胀的最优投资组合选择问题研究

本文研究了投资者在极端事件冲击下带通胀的最优投资组合选择问题, 其中投资者不仅对损失风险是厌恶的而且对模型不确定也是厌恶的. 投资者在风险资产和无风险资产中进行投资. 首先, 利用Ito公式推导考虑通胀的消费篮子价格动力学方程, 其次由通胀折现的终端财富预期效用最大化, 对含糊厌恶投资者的最优期望效用进行刻画. 利用动态规划原理, 建立最优消费和投资策略所满足的HJB方程. 再次, 利用市场分解的方法解出HJB方程, 获得投资者最优消费和投资策略的显式解. 最后, 通过数值模拟, 分析了含糊厌恶、风险厌恶、跳和通胀因素对投资者最优资产配置策略的影响.     

基于基准过程的动态均值-方差最优投资组合选择

利用动态规划方法研究了基于基准过程的动态均值-方差最优投资组合问题,证明了识别定理,得到了剩余过程的均方最优投资策略和有效前沿.     

Ornstein-Uhlenbeck模型下DC养老金计划的最优投资策略

本文研究了Ornstein-Uhlenbeck模型下确定缴费型养老金计划(简称DC计划)的最优投资策略,其中以最大化DC计划参与者终端财富(退休时其账户金额)的CRRA效用为目标.假定投资者可投资于无风险资产和一种风险资产,风险资产的瞬时收益率由Ornstein-Uhlenbeck过程驱动,该过程能反映市场所处的状态.利用随机控制理论,给出了相应的HJB方程与验证定理;并通过求解相应的HJB方程,得到了最优投资策略和最优值函数的解析式.最后分析了瞬时收益率对最优投资策略的影响,发现当市场向良性状态发展时,投资在风险资产上的财富比例呈上升趋势;当初始财富足够大且市场状态不变时,投资在风险资产上的财富比例几乎不受时间的影响.     

基于通货膨胀和最低保障的DC养老金最优投资

主要研究了通货膨胀和最低保障下的DC养老金的最优投资问题。 首先, 应用伊藤公式得到通胀折现后真实股票价格的微分方程。 然后, 在DC养老金终端财富外部保障约束下, 引入欧式看涨期权, 考虑随机通胀环境下的退休时刻终端财富期望效用最大化问题, 应用鞅方法推导退休时刻以及退休前任意时刻DC养老金最优投资策略的显式解。 最后, 应用蒙特卡洛方法对结果进行数值分析, 分析最低保障对DC养老金最优投资策略的影响。     

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??In this paper, we investigate a robust optimal portfolio and reinsurance problem under inflation risk for an ambiguity-averse insurer (AAI), who worries about uncertainty in model parameters. We assume that the AAI is allowed to purchase proportional reinsurance and invest his/her wealth in a financial market which consists of a risk-free asset and a risky asset. The objective of the AAI is to maximize the minimal expected power utility of terminal wealth. By using techniques of stochastic control theory, closed-form expressions for the value function and optimal strategies are obtained.     

风险分散与通胀保护视角下商品期货的组合投资价值分析

本文基于风险分散与通胀保护视角,通过构建DCC-MVGARCH模型与通胀保护回归模型,对我国铜、铝、豆粕和天然橡胶等四种商品期货的组合投资价值进行了实证检验。结果显示:测度商品期货风险分散功能的条件相关系数具有时变性,除豆粕外,铜、铝、天然橡胶等商品期货与股票的相关性出现了系统性的上升,而四种商品期货与债券则始终保持着低相关性;在通胀保护层面,四种商品期货均能提供通胀保护,但人民币汇率因素干扰了铝、铜和天然橡胶对未预期通胀的反映。研究结果为揭示商品期货的风险特质以及呈现商品期货收益率与宏观经济因素的关系提供了新的研究线索。     

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??Under inflation influence, this paper investigate a stochastic differential game with reinsurance and investment. Insurance company chose a strategy to minimizing the variance of the final wealth, and the financial markets as a game ``virtual hand' chosen a probability measure represents the economic ``environment' to maximize the variance of the final wealth. Through this double game between the insurance companies and the financial markets, get optimal portfolio strategies. When investing, we consider inflation, the method of dealing with inflation is: Firstly, the inflation is converted to the risky assets, and then constructs the wealth process. Through change the original based on the mean-variance criteria stochastic differential game into unrestricted cases, then application linear-quadratic control theory obtain optimal reinsurance strategy and investment strategy and optimal market strategy as well as the closed form expression of efficient frontier are obtained; finally get reinsurance strategy and optimal investment strategy and optimal market strategy as well as the closed form expression of efficient frontier for the original stochastic differential game.     

Optimal investment for the defined-contribution pension with stochastic salary under a CEV model

In this paper, we study the optimal investment strategy of defined-contribution pension with the stochastic salary. The investor is allowed to invest in a risk-free asset and a risky asset whose price process follows a constant elasticity of variance model. The stochastic salary follows a stochastic differential equation, whose instantaneous volatility changes with the risky asset price all the time. The HJB equation associated with the optimal investment problem is established, and the explicit solution of the corresponding optimization problem for the CARA utility function is obtained by applying power transform and variable change technique. Finally, we present a numerical analysis.     

激励机制和VaR约束下的DC养老金计划的最优投资

研究了DC养老金经理在单一管理费以及混合收费(同时收取管理费与绩效费)这两种不同的薪酬机制和损失厌恶下的最优投资组合问题。利用凹化方法得到了存在终端财富约束下的最优财富过程和最优投资策略的解析表达式。数值结果表明损失厌恶,VaR约束和薪酬机制会极大地影响最优终端财富的分布。特别地,在决策参照点较高时,损失厌恶会导致混合薪酬机制下最优终端财富的尾部风险较低。     

Optimal portfolio‐consumption choice under stochastic inflation with nominal and indexed bonds

This research solves the intertemporal portfolio choice problems with and without interim consumption under stochastic inflation. We assume a one‐factor nominal interest rate and a one‐factor expected inflation rate, implying a two‐factor real interest rate in the economy. In contrast to other related research which adopts the one‐factor real interest rate model, the inflation‐indexed bond is not a redundant asset class even in a complete market. The infinitely risk‐averse investor would prefer to invest all her wealth in inflation‐indexed bonds maturing at the investment horizon. We also show that, with the two‐factor real interest rate model, the consumption‐wealth ratio is not determined by the real interest rate alone. The investor's consumption–wealth ratio is also affected by the nominal interest rate and expected inflation rate levels. The capital market is calibrated to U.S. stocks, bonds, and inflation data. The optimal weights show that aggressive investors hold more nominal bonds in order to earn the inflation risk premiums, while conservative investors concentrate on indexed bonds to hedge against the inflation risk. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Optimal management of DC pension plan under loss aversion and Value-at-Risk constraints

This paper studies the risk management in a defined contribution (DC)pension plan. The financial market consists of cash, bond and stock. The interest rate in our model is assumed to follow an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process while the contribution rate follows a geometric Brownian Motion. Thus, the pension manager has to hedge the risks of interest rate, stock and contribution rate. Different from most works in DC pension plan, the pension manger has to obtain the optimal allocations under loss aversion and Value-at-Risk(VaR) constraints. The loss aversion pension manager is sensitive to losses while the VaR pension manager has to ensure the quality of wealth at retirement. Since these problems are not standard concave optimization problems, martingale method is applied to derive the optimal investment strategies. Explicit solutions are obtained under these two optimization criterions. Moreover, sensitivity analysis is presented in the end to show the economic behaviors under these two criterions.