吉林大学应用化学学科:理工兼备 特色发展

吉林大学应用化学学科始建于1986年,依托吉林大学化学学科深厚理论基础与学术优势,经过几代应用化学学科人的不懈努力,逐渐形成了“理工兼备”的学科特色。在吉林大学化学学科70华诞之际,回顾了应用化学学科的发展历程,着重介绍了应用化学学科在本科教学与专业特色、科学研究与平台建设、人才培养与社会服务等3个方面取得的成绩,以及今后发展的设想。     

南开大学分析化学学科的建设与发展

2021年正值南开大学化学学科创建100周年。作为南开化学的一个重要分支,南开大学分析化学学科始建于1952年。回顾了南开分析学科的历史脉络和发展成就;着重介绍了南开分析学科的发展现状;面向国家重大需求,提出了学科的未来发展方向。谨以此文,敬献给为南开分析学科发展做出贡献的南开人及支持、帮助本学科发展的朋友们！向南开大学化学学科创建100周年致敬！     

吉林大学物理化学学科:笃学致远 润物无声

伴随建系而生的吉林大学物理化学学科是吉大化学学科的重要组成部分,在70年的发展中为整个化学学科的发展建设做出了重要贡献。吉大物化人一直坚持理论与实践并重的教育思想,培养了大批优秀人才。回顾了吉大物理化学学科的历史沿革,展现了吉林大学化学学院物理化学在课程和教材建设、科学研究和人才培养等方面所取得的成绩。在吉大化学70周年华诞之际,谨以此文向为吉大物化学科建设做出贡献的前辈致敬。     

吉林大学物理化学一流课程的建设历程*

依托吉林大学化学学科发展,建设吉林大学物理化学一流课程,培养一流化学学科创新人才。主要简介吉林大学物理化学一流课程的建设,包括课程的发展经历;教学团队建设;课程特色和创新性;物理化学课程的教学改革;教材的建设;教学研究项目及发表教学文章;教学与科研相结合等。     

序言

国家自然科学基金委员会化学部于1993年4月5日至10日在长沙市湖南大学主持召开“分析化学计量学研讨会”,检阅基金委对化学计量学学科基金资助项目的研究进展和成果。应会议要求,本刊在本期特刊出“分析化学计量学论文”专栏,登载该资助学科的部分最新研究成果论文,并请国家自然科学基金委员会化学部分析与环境化学学科为专栏撰写了序言。相信这些论文的发表将对推动分析化学学科的基础理论建设和促进化学计量学这一新兴学科在我国的迅速发展起到良好的作用。     

分析化学

分析化学是化学的一个分支学科,近二百年来化学的发展与分析化学密切相关,分析化学的广泛应用大大促进了化学和其它自然科学的迅速发展。分析化学在18—19世纪主要是定性分析和定量分析,前者找出分析样品(气、液、固)是什么组份,后者定出样品中某组分的含量。20世纪以来由于生产和科学技术的发展一日千里,现代分析化学除了定性和定量外,还要有结构分析,因此过去所用的化学分析方     

全国分析化学学科人才培养与教学建设发展战略研讨会纪要

由国家自然科学基金委员会化学科学部主办,高等学校化学教育研究中心和教育部高等学校化学与化工学科教学指导委员会化学类专业教学指导分委员会联办,厦门大学现代分析科学教育部重点实验室承办的“全国分析化学学科人才培养与教学建设发展战略研讨会”于2008年3月14—17日在厦门大学召开。这次会议旨在探讨在全球分析化学学科新的研究领域不断拓展、     

漫谈分析化学教学改革与课程建设

1 关于分析化学的基础学科定位 分析化学界常用“分析科学”一词作为“分析化学”的同义语,这反映分析化学涉及广泛的多学科协同发展,但这并不改变分析化学是化学一级学科下的学科分支这一基本学科定位。分析化学的学科定位首先是由其研究对象所决定的。不论分析化学使用化学的、物理学的、生物学的或其他学科的原理与方法,其研究对象始终是物质的化学成分与结构,都是为了完成相关的化学定性、定量及结构分析。     

国外无机分析化学的发展概况

一、近代无机分析化学的应用分析化学是化学学科的一个分支,渗透在许多科学领域里。生物学、物理学、地质学、冶金学、考古学、海洋学以及化学学科的其他分支如无机化学、有机化学、物理化学和放射化学的发展,都离不开分析化学。它与国防建设、工农业生产和医疗卫生事业等,都有密切的联系。一些新兴的学科如“环境科学”、“宇宙科学”中也有大量的分析化学问题。近代科学技术促进了分析化学的成长和发展,应用领域愈来愈广。近年来,“公害防治”已引起世界各国的重视,分析化学在其中起了很大作用。空气和水中有害物质的分析推动了痕量和超痕量分析技术的发展。现代超痕量分析技术综合     

国家自然科学基金委员会召开分析化学学科发展战略研讨会

国家自然科学基金委员会化学科学部于 2 0 0 2年 11月 2 4～ 2 6日在北京昌平召开了分析化学学科战略发展研讨会。来自全国各地的 4 2名分析化学学者参加了会议 ,其中院士 10人、杰出青年 17人、特邀代表 15人。国家科技部基础司司长张先恩教授应邀出席了本次会议。　　基金委化学部副主任梁文平研究员首先作了“实施源头创新战略 ,树立化学学科新形象”的报告。认为分析化学是 2 1世纪生命科学和纳米科学发展的关键 ;强调要重新树立化学的新形象 ,核心还是提倡创新性和创造性。基金委要在培养创新文化、营造学术文明中发挥作用 ,倡导良好的…     

Meeting the sustainable development goals in a tropical climate

This article reflects on the Federation of Asian Chemical Societies (FACS) Citation Award Lecture delivered in the Industrial Technology Research Institute Symposium on CO₂ Utilization and Green Technology during the 18th Asian Chemical Congress held in Taipei, December 12, 2019. Malaysia produces sizable amounts of palm oil and palm kernel oil, with palm fronds and tree trunks as the main waste. At the Malaysia Japan International Institute of Technology, the biomass was decomposed to produce fine chemicals, used as substrate for mushroom growth, and converted to bio-coke for heat energy. A notable difference has been found regarding the emission of greenhouse gases from a natural peat forest and those from the oil palm plantation converted from peatlands, where in the palm plantation, water table is lowered and aerobic processes occurs, resulting in more CO₂ being released compared to CH₄. The introduction of fertilizers to the plantation resulted in more N₂O being released. The team has also pioneered a project to plant temperate vegetables. Cooling pipes (16–18°C with circulating water cooled by chiller) were embedded within each thermal conditioning soil plot. Lettuce and radish, the experimental plants, showed good growth in the thermal conditioning soil due to nitrogen-fixing bacteria, which were destroyed at a higher temperature.     

Computational study of the transamination reaction in vinylogous acyls: Paving the way to design vitrimers with controlled exchange kinetics

One of the key points in the design of vitrimers is controlling the associative exchange kinetics. One common chemistry used in vitrimers is based on the dynamic amine exchange reaction of vinylogous acyl compounds in presence of free amine. Understanding the reaction mechanism is essential to assist the optimization of the reaction conditions as well as the molecular structure of the reactant compounds in the pursuit of new materials. In this work, a computational study has been performed to explore different reaction mechanisms in neutral, acidic and in basic conditions or in the presence of Lewis acids, as well as the effect of chemical modifications in the exchange reaction. The results reveal that the formation of hydrogen bonds are a key feature and that the vinylogous urea improves the transamination compared to vinylogous urethane. The esteric hindrance of the amino group in the vinylogous compound also plays an important role. Finally, the nature of the free amine can improve the reactivity by equilibrating two contrary effects: the basicity favors the nucleophilic attack and the conjugated acidity favors the protonation. The findings of this theoretical work shed light in the design of new vitrimers with controlled exchange kinetics by chemical modifications.     

有机化学中新兴领域的积极开拓者——黄耀曾先生

黄耀曾先生(1912-2002),我国著名的有机化学家,中国科学院院士,我国有机氟化学的先驱者,我国金属有机化学的开拓者。曾任中央研究院化学研究所助理研究员,副研究员,上海第一医学院助教,讲师。中国科学院上海有机化学研究所副研究员,研究员,博士生导师;上海有机化学研究所副所长,中国科学院化学部常委,副主任,中国化学会常务理事,《有机化学》主编和国际《杂原子化学》顾问编委。他的研究工作不仅推动了有机化学的发展,而且在我国国防建设和经济建设中也做出了突出贡献。曾获全国科学大会奖,国家科学技术进步一等奖,国防科技事业荣誉证书,国家自然科学三等奖及二等奖,第三世界科学院化学奖,何梁何利基金科学与进步奖等众多奖项。几十年的学术生涯中,黄耀曾先生在国内外著名学术刊物上共发表论文230余篇,著译9本,培养了博士20名,其中有的当选为院士,有的已成为重要的科研骨干和领导,有的是著名的企业家。     

Synthetic and biological polymers--merging the interface

The increasing control that synthetic chemists are able to exert over molecular architecture is allowing the design and preparation of macromolecular and polymeric systems of unprecedented sophistication. In form and function, synthetic polymers are able to mimic many biological polymers, in effect ‘blurring the boundaries’ between the worlds of artificial and natural materials. In this review, some key examples from the merging interface between synthetic and natural polymers are considered, and illustrations of both ‘bio-inspired’ synthetic macromolecular chemistry and new directions in polymer materials are given.     

发现化学之美感悟科学魅力

本文指出化学教学的关键,在于引导学生发现化学之美,感悟科学魅力,激发学生的学习兴趣及创造潜能。全文阐述了化学的外在美、揭示了化学的内在美———化学学科思想 (科学之美 )、崇尚化学家的人生之美及化学教师的人格之美。作者认为：化学教师的人格之美源自“以学生发展为本”的教育理念和对学生及化学教育事业的挚爱。本文旨在倡导广大教师更新教育观念,增强自身素质,升华崇高人格,真正实现化学教学中“教师快乐教学,学生享受学习”。     

Measuring the Stability of Supramolecular Complexes in the Proximity of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

The decoration of SWNTs with supramolecular motifs is a common strategy for their subsequent noncovalent functionalization. However, due to the lack of a standard methodology, there are no quantitative measurements showing the extent to which the supramolecular equilibria are affected by one of the host-guest couple being anchored to the SWNT. Here, we use a method we initially developed to quantify association of small organic molecules to the walls of SWNTs to compare association constants of two host-guest systems, a Hamilton receptor-cyanuric acid derivative and a crown ether-ammonium couple, in solution and when the host is covalently attached to the SWNTs. Our data show that association does occur, but the stability of the complexes is significantly affected, as reflected in a sizable reduction in their association constant, when compared to solution.     

结构化学课程绪论部分的教学设计

对结构化学绪论课的教学内容进行组织和设计,旨在使学生了解结构化学的课程内容,认识结构化学的重要性,激发其学习动力,并讲授结构化学的学习方法以及学习中的注意事项,为后续的课程教学打下良好的基础。     

Enhancing the Activity of Drugs by Conjugation to Organometallic Fragments

Resistance to chemotherapy is a current clinical problem, especially in the treatment of microbial infections and cancer. One strategy to overcome this is to make new derivatives of existing drugs by conjugation to organometallic fragments, either by an appropriate linker, or by direct coordination of the drug to a metal. We illustrate this with examples of conjugated organometallic metallocene sandwich and half-sandwich complexes, Ru^II and Os^II arene, and Rh^III and Ir^III cyclopentadienyl half-sandwich complexes. Ferrocene conjugates are particularly promising. The ferrocene–chloroquine conjugate ferroquine is in clinical trials for malaria treatment, and a ferrocene-tamoxifen derivative (a ferrocifen) seems likely to enter anticancer trails soon. Several other examples illustrate that organometallic conjugation can restore the activity of drugs to which resistance has developed.     

Molecular Dynamics Insights for Screening the Ability of Polymers to Remove Pesticides from Water

The use of pesticides in agriculture is known to have environmental impacts, namely it leads to underground and spring water contamination. Thus, it turns out that nowadays general-endeavor towards the sustainability of farmer production requires novel strategies to capture pesticides from water and soils. We propose a methodology based on molecular dynamics simulations to identify polymers that are potentially featured to be applied for pesticide remediation in water and soils. We have employed cymoxanil (CYM), glufosinate ammonium (GLF), imidacloprid (IMI) and mancozeb (MAN) as pesticides, and have tested polymers with different characteristics as removing agents. Specifically, we have investigated oligomers of polypropylene (PP), poly(acrylic acid) protonated (PAAH) and deprotonated (PAA), and chitosan protonated (CTH) and deprotonated (CT). It has been found that all oligomers show a certain degree of selectivity concerning the interaction with the tested pesticides.