用SymApps与Weblab-ViewerPro研究分子的对称性

介绍了使用化学软件SymApps与Weblab-ViewerPro研究分子对称性的方法。给出了研究分子点群和分子手性，并快速制作对称操作三维动画的实例。     

分子的模糊对称性

将模糊数学方法引入对分子对称点群的研究,建立描述具有不完整分子对称性的模糊点对称群(集合).建立具有模糊对称性分子轨道的模糊表示及其模糊特征标(模糊广义宇称).通过对典型的线状分子、平面分子以及非平面的立体分子等进行分析,展示了一个新的理论化学园地.初步探讨了具有模糊对称性的动态反应体系.从模糊对称性出发,探讨了分子轨道对称守恒原理的半定量特征.     

群论在化学中的应用

正分子对称性是化学的一项基本概念,它可以解释或预测分子的很多化学性质。在无机化学、结构化学、量子化学中都有关于分子对称性的介绍。分子对称性的研究是利用了数学上的群论。本书围绕分子对称性,介绍了基本的对称性与对称操作,各种常见的分子点群,     

POV-Ray软件在分子对称性中的应用

以交错式乙烷为例,详细地介绍了如何使用POV-Ray软件制作展示分子对称元素的精美视频动画,可以帮助学生直观形象地分析分子结构,很好地掌握分子对称性的相关教学内容,切实提高课程的教学效果。     

超分子化学课程建设与教学实践

超分子化学的教学在吉林大学已经开展了20多年,与超分子结构与材料国家重点实验室的科研工作相辅相成。通过对吉林大学超分子化学课程的开设目的、教学内容设计及参考书和教学方法及模式这3个方面的介绍,展现了超分子化学课程在吉林大学化学学院的建设与教学实践。这门课程的开设,使学生了解了超分子化学的历史,掌握了超分子化学的基本概念和主要研究方向。同时,介绍科学研究的目的和思维方法,培养了学生对于科学研究的兴趣。     

综合型化学工具软件KnowItAll介绍

简要介绍化学工具软件KnowItAll在绘制分子结构式、形成化学专业文档、三维分子模型显示、分子对称性分析、波谱分析方面的功能与特点。并介绍该软件在计算机辅助有机化学、立体化学和有机波谱学教学方面的应用。     

介绍一种关于四重映轴S4及四重反轴I4独立性的简洁推导

分子点群与晶体学点群是结构化学教学重要内容之一,同时也是教学的一个难点。学生经常提出“为何只有S₄轴及I₄轴是独立的,而其余映轴及反轴均是非独立的;在描述分子对称性时为何选用映轴,而描述晶体对称性时则选用反轴”等问题。本文从循环群的生成元出发,得到映轴群S_n及反轴群I_n的对称操作群元素。根据映轴是否可以用其他对称元素代替,或对称操作群是否可以表示为两个子群的直积的性质,推导出当n≤6时只有S₄及I₄是独立的结论。这种推导方式避免了图形说明繁琐和抽象,有利于学生从定义推导上理解对称元素的独立性,便于教学中推广。     

PBL教学法在结构化学休克尔分子轨道理论教学中的应用

休克尔分子轨道理论是结构化学课程中的重要内容,可预测或解释共轭分子性质、电子光谱等问题。其与势箱中粒子运动模型、分子轨道理论、分子对称性等知识点关联密切,综合性强。在该理论教学过程中运用问题式教学法(Problem-Based Learning,PBL),以典型问题引导学生自主学习,在循序渐进的问题中,学生的思考意识逐步增强,知识综合能力可得到有效提升。     

用一种新式的串珠分子模型来介绍分子的点群

利用生活中常见的串珠编制分子模型,得到了一系列属于不同点群的C84同分异构体的串珠分子模型。这些模型可作为可视化教具,帮助学生理解抽象的分子点群的相关知识,也可以作为科普产品向大家介绍与对称性相关的知识。     

环型硫分子的从头算及其应用

通过对环型硫分子S6～S20同素异构体的实验结构分析,用从头算(ab initio)RHF/6-311G*(包括BLYP/6-311G* 和MP4/6-311G*)方法进行基态几何结构优化,获得了与实验结构相吻合的新的理论稳定构型.其中S18的两种变体S18(α)和S18(β)的能量相近,都是相互稳定的分子构型.通过计算,从理论上推测S20有D4点群的物相.还就对称性、偶极矩和红外振动光谱与分子构象的相互关系,以及环分子结构与化学活性之间的关系进行了讨论,获得了具有实验意义的结论.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.