一维PSD非线性修正的共轭梯度算法

分析了一维光电位置敏感器件(positionsensitivedetector,PSD)的非线性的原因,并根据PSD的非线性特点,提出了用神经网络的共轭梯度算法对PSD的非线性进行补偿,从而使PSD的非线性区获得了与线性区近似的线性度。因此,在不增加复杂测量设备的情况下,扩大了测量范围,提高了非线性区的测量准确度和数据的置信度。     

产生旁瓣的激光波前功率谱密度与焦斑性能分析

 讨论了在放置与不放置焦斑形态控制器件KPP的两种情况下,采用功率谱密度模拟分析有旁瓣焦斑的激光束波前分布的特点,并由此探讨高功率激光驱动器在无旁瓣的聚焦情形下,对入射到打靶透镜的激光束波前畸变量的控制要求。     

Modified hollow Gaussian beam and its paraxial propagation

A model named modified hollow Gaussian beam (HGB) is proposed to describe a dark hollow beam with adjustable beam spot size, central dark size and darkness factor. In this modified model, both the beam spot size and the central dark size will be convergent to finite constants as the beam order approaches infinity, which are much different from that of the previous unmodified model, where the beam spot size and the central dark size will not be convergent as the beam order approaches infinity. The dependences of the propagation factor of modified and unmodified HGBs on the beam order are found to be the same. Based on the Collins integral, analytical formulas for the modified HGB propagating through aligned and misaligned optical system are derived. Some numerical examples are given.     

Determination of Particle Size Distribution by Par-Tec® 100: Modeling and Experimental Results

Some particle size analyzers, such as the Par-Tec® 100 (Laser Sensor Technology, Redmond, WA, USA), measure the so-called cord length distribution (CLD) as the laser beam emitted from the sensor randomly crosses two edges of a particle (a cord length). The objectives of this study were to develop a model that can predict the response of the Par-Tec® 100 in measuring the CLD of a suspension for spherical and ellipsoidal particles and to infer the actual particle size distribution (PSD) using the measured CLD output. The model showed that the measured CLD is reasonably accurate for the spherical particles. However, this measurement progressively deteriorates as the shape of particles changes from spherical to ellipsoidal with large ratios of major to minor diameters. Experimental results obtained with spherical particles having a normal and a non-normal PSD indicated that the Par-Tec® 100 measurements deteriorate as the PSD deviates from a normal distribution. The information obtained from these experiments also showed that the model can reasonably predict the Par-Tec® response. Use of the inferred PSD rather than the measured CLD made a major improvement in estimating the actual PSD. Mean particle size analysis revealed that the Par-Tec® 100 volume-weighted mean particle size is closest to the unweighted mean particle size measured by sieve analysis.     

四边型位置敏感探测器位置公式的改进

四边形位置敏感探测器（PSD）的传统位置计算公式不能正确反映实际光斑位置,存在严重的枕形失真,需要进行复杂的修正.基于Lucovsky方程的解析解,提出了改进型的PSD计算公式,结果表明,采用改进型公式可以使用少量数据完成对PSD的非线性修正,极大地提高PSD中央大部区域的线性度.对于1×1 cm2的PSD,在60%光敏面的区域内均方根误差小于3 μm,非线性度小于0.05%,该公式适用于所有的四边形PSD,对于PSD的实际应用具有重要意义.     

产生旁瓣的激光波前功率谱密度与焦斑性能分析

讨论了在放置与不放置焦斑形态控制器件 KPP的两种情况下 ,采用功率谱密度模拟分析有旁瓣焦斑的激光束波前分布的特点 ,并由此探讨高功率激光驱动器在无旁瓣的聚焦情形下 ,对入射到打靶透镜的激光束波前畸变量的控制要求。     

Modeling Focused Beam Reflectance Measurement and its Application to Sizing of Particles of Variable Shape

A model for particle detection in focused beam reflectance measurement is presented in the general case of particles of any convex shape. Shape dependent convolution relationships between measured chord length distribution (CLD), particle size distribution (PSD) and particle mass distribution (PMD) are derived and an explicit formula for the weighting characteristic length is given in terms of particle shape. Based on the derived convolution relationships, equations relating moments of the CLD, PSD and PMD are obtained. Issues related to the definition of particle size of non spherical objects and its connection to the particle sizing technique are discussed. Based on the moment relationships, particle size is defined for focused beam reflectance measurement measurements in terms of a CLD equivalent sphere. CLD and characteristic length for a thin cylinder are obtained analytically and used as simple model in order to illustrate issues in sizing particles of variable shape. General conclusions regarding the role of the weighting characteristic length on the behavior of the measured CLD are drawn.     

大功率条形激光二极管阵列光束整形方法研究

为改善条形大功率LD阵列的光束质量,提高其输出功率密度,使其更利于应用,提出了一种基于非成像光学的光束分割重排的光束整形方案,详细讨论了方案的工作原理和设计方法。对整个方案用Zemax进行了仿真优化并通过计算比较整形前后光束的光束参数乘积分析了光束质量的改善情况。首先采用抛物面反射镜对光束进行准直,并配合反射镜实现按发光区对光束的分割,进一步利用平行六面体棱镜对光束的平移效果完成光束重排,最后在输出端得到了光占空比为1的高亮度的矩形光斑。仿真计算结果表明,整形后光束的快慢轴尺寸相近,光束参数乘积比接近于1,质量均衡;整个光束的能量集中,平均功率明显提高。     

Dynamics of quadruple laser pulses in under‐dense plasmas

An analysis of dynamics of a quadruple laser pulse propagating through an under‐dense plasma is presented. The Drude model is used to derive the dielectric function of the plasma for relativistic non‐linearity in the electron mass. An approximate numerical solution of the nonlinear Schrödinger wave equation for the field of the laser beam is obtained with the help of the moment theory approach in the Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) approximation. Particular emphases are placed on the variations of spot size, pulse width, and longitudinal phase delay with the distance of propagation through the plasma. Self‐trapping of the laser pulse is also investigated.     

应用Multisim研究不同结构二维PSD的线性度

应用电路模拟软件Multisim对四边形结构、方形结构、直角形结构、双面结构位置敏感探测器的线性度进行仿真实验研究,得到了相应的线性网格图,并进行了分析.综合比较这几种不同结构二维位置敏感探测器的线性度.结果表明：四边形电极结构位置敏感探测器的位置误差最大,中央40％光敏区的位置误差约为10.05％,直角型电极结构位置敏感探测器,双面型电极结构位置敏感探测器以及带电阻边框的方形电极结构位置敏感探测器在相应区域的位置误差的误差分别为3.70％,0.29％,0.12％.对计算结果与试验结果进行了比较,表明该方法具有简单直观,参量变化多样性,结果可靠的优点.     

Surface statistical characteristics and smoothing analysis of continuous phase plate

According to the random characteristics of surface distribution of continuous phase plate (CPP), the characteristics of such random surface are analyzed from a statistical point of view. Based on the continuous phase plate with Gaussian distribution, the ergodic theorem is introduced to describe the statistical characteristics of CPP, and the qualification that fulfills the ergodic theorem is proved. The CPP which fulfills the ergodic theorem is proved to have better beam smoothing properties in both spatial and frequency domain by numerical simulation. The results show that after smoothing, the focal spot of random distortion beam is well controlled. The average PSD value of distortion wavefront is decreased by 50% or more.     

高能多脉冲辐射照相的复合靶物理分析

 介绍了电子束与钽靶相互作用的能量沉积解析理论和（钽-碳）复合靶的设计。单靶的某个区域内形成的高温等离子体沿轴的2个方向(±z)溅射而使单靶穿孔,大焦斑束形成较小的孔,小焦斑下靶孔较大而相对光滑。复合靶或修正复合靶可以经受2~3个束脉冲的连续照射。蒙卡模拟计算表明,复合靶或修正复合靶的焦斑尺寸与单靶相同,可用于多脉冲闪光照相。     

一维位置敏感探测器位置准确度和线性度的改进

在常规的条状一维位置敏感探测器（PSD）中,光敏区和位置电阻区是结合在一起的,器件的欧姆接触电极难以做得比较理想,因此器件的位置准确度和线性度也受到了不利的影响。而在梳状一维位置敏感探测器中,光敏区和位置电阻区被分成了梳齿区和梳脊区两部分,并且位置电阻区被设计成很窄的长条,即使掺杂浓度比较高,位置电阻也能做得相当大。这样条状一维位置敏感探测器接触电极上的缺陷就可消除。用两种不同的一维位置敏感探测器所测量的位置特性曲线证实了理论分析的正确性。测量结果还表明,梳状一维位置敏感探测器的位置准确度和线性度比条状一维位置敏感探测器有了显著的提高,梳状一维位置敏感探测器的平均位置误差从条状一维位置敏感探测器的55μm减小到了26μm,梳状一维位置敏感探测器的均方根非线性度从条状一维位置敏感探测器的0．94％减小到了0．09％。     

Compton散射强光子流在等离子体通道中的传输特性

给出了冷等离子体中高阶相对论下多光下非线性Compton散射的光子流在等离子体通道中的传输方程,研究了高阶相对论效应对散射光子流传输的影响。在近轴近似下,散射强光子流依然有较浅的“势阱”方程。当散射强光子流强度较大时,高阶相对论效应变得更加重要：它减小了散射光束宽的振荡幅度,同时加快了散射光束宽的振荡速度。当散射强光子流功率大于或等于相对论临界功率时,高阶相对论效应避免了散射强光子流强度随传输距离出现无限大的奇异性。给出了散射强光子流的平衡解存在的条件。     

Fractional Fourier transform of Airy beams

An analytical expression of an Airy beam passing through a fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) system is presented. The effective beam size of the Airy beam in the FRFT plane is also derived. The influences of the order of FRFT, the modulation parameter, and the transverse scale on the normalized intensity distribution and the effective beam size of an Airy beam in the FRFT plane are examined. The order of FRFT controls the effective beam size and the orientation of the beam spot. The modulation parameter affects the effective beam size and the number of lateral side lobes. The normalized intensity distribution and the effective beam size are both proportional to the transverse scale.     

低噪音光折变体全息存储

光折变全息存储中,透过晶体的散射光会影响再现象的信噪比,本文基于两波耦合理论,对光折变存储中的散射噪音随光斑尺寸的变化作了简化计算和分析,结果表明减小辐照在晶体上的光斑尺寸能降低散射噪音,提高衍射效率和信噪比,采用球面参考波小光斑尺寸入射,在KNSBN光折变晶体中存储了傅里叶全息图,并得到了低噪音的再现象.     

基于数字微镜的快速轴向扫描系统

为解决双光子荧光显微成像系统轴向扫描问题,提出一种基于数字微镜(DMD)的快速轴向扫描系统。该系统采用DMD选择光路,不同光路放置不同焦距的透镜组对光束发散角产生不同的改变,经物镜聚焦后得到不同深度的轴上扫描点。对该系统的轴向扫描距离、扫描点位置及衍射效率进行了理论计算仿真,结果表明:扫描系统采用4个模块以及5个模块时其轴向扫描距离均可达到1 mm,4模块系统中透镜的焦距为297.3 mm,5模块系统中透镜焦距为361.47 mm。轴向扫描点除边缘点外线性分布, 轴向扫描频率达到几十kHz,满足脑神经成像的要求。     

螺线管场下强流相对论电子束焦斑尺寸的限制

 分析了螺线管场下影响强流相对论电子束聚焦的主要因素,并给出了各影响因素所限制的最小焦斑。计算结果表明,当发射度和能散度的值分别控制在0.397mm× rad和1%以内, 单个螺线管磁轴的偏心不大于0.54mrad,初始注入束偏心不大于1mrad时,对于20MeV、3kA的电子束和15MeV、2.5kA的电子束,最终打靶束焦斑均可小于1.5mm。     

二维光电位置敏感器件的非线性修正

根据二维光电位置敏感器件 (PSD)的工作原理 ,分析了影响PSD线性度的主要因素 ,提出了一种用神经网络对PSD进行非线性修正的方法。以PSD的输入输出数据对作为样本训练的神经网络 ,利用神经网络所具有地能够以任意精度逼近非线性函数的能力 ,实现PSD的输出与实际光点位置之间的映射 ,在神经网络的输出端得到线性响应。该方法的优点是不需要很大的数据存储量即可得到很好的修正效果。结果表明 ,修正后的PSD能在较宽的位置范围内输出高线性度的信号     

Detection sensitivity of the optical beam deflection method characterized with the optical spot size on the detector

Here we describe the effect of the incident optical spot size upon the quadrant photodetector on the displacement detection sensitivity of the optical beam deflection method. By varying the size of the beam spot reaching the photodetector and measuring the optical responsivity, we have determined the optical detection sensitivity as a function of the optical spot size on the photodetector. Also, we have calculated the numerical value of the detection sensitivity with the Gaussian optical spot profile and compared with the experimental data. Both experimental and analytic studies show that the optical displacement detection sensitivity increases with the decrease in the width of the Gaussian optical spot. The study presented here will be beneficial in developing the nanomechanical displacement detection techniques based on the beam deflection method with a position-sensitive detector.