平台石墨炉原子吸收法直接测定镍基合金中铅和锑

平台石墨炉原子吸收法直接测定镍基合金中铅和锑谢文兵，姚金玉，胡庆兰（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所长春１３００２２）关键词石墨炉原子吸收，镍合金，铅，锑，基体改进剂石墨炉原子吸收法是测定痕量元素最有效的方法之一。但是铅和锑都是易挥发元素，为了增强灰化过...     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定高纯阴极铜,电解铜中的铅,铁,铋及钴矿中的铅

１引言纯铜中铁、铅的测定多采用石墨炉原子吸收法，而铋的测定采用氢化发生－原子荧光光谱法。本文论述了采用镧盐或铅盐作捕集剂，用过量氨水将铁、铅、铋与氢氧化镧或氢氧化锆共沉淀，硝酸或盐酸溶解后，用火焰原子吸收光谱法速测三元素，无需用价格昂贵的石墨炉原子吸收光谱仪和无色散原子荧光光谱仪，也不必去找高纯铜作基体，降低了综合分析的价格。而钻矿微量铅的分析，因共存元素多，分析难度大，本法采用在６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ盐酸介质中，用个甲基戊酮－（２）除去铁及部分其它共存离子，为下一步富集微量铅创造了良好的条件。实验证明，…     

以8-羟基喹啉为化学改进剂石墨炉原子吸收光谱测定水和空气尘粒物中铬的研究

研究了8－羟基喹啉在石墨炉原子吸收光谱法（GFAAS）测定痕量铬中的化学改进作用及其主要影响因素。在优化实验条件下，8－羟基喹啉的存在能显著提高石墨炉原子吸收法测定铬的灵敏度。方法的检出限为0．20ng/mL，精密度为RSD＝2．6％（n＝8，c＝5ng/mL），本法已用于天然水和大气尘粒物中痕量铬的测定。     

原子吸收光谱法测定铅的进展

对近年来国内原子吸收光谱法测定铅的进展进行了评述，内容包括火焰原子吸收光谱法、石墨炉原子吸收光谱法和氢化物发生原子吸收光谱法。     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定豆豉中铅和镉

豆豉样品经微波消解后,采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法快速测定铅、镉。实验优化了石墨炉原子吸收光谱法的测定条件。以磷酸为基体改进剂可提高灰化温度,消除样品中的氯化钠等复杂基体的干扰。该法铅、镉的回收率分别为95.0％、94.6％,精密度（RSD）分别为8.7％和5.1％。结果表明豆豉中铅、镉含量较低。本方法简便、快速、准确,适合于实际的分析工作。     

镍-1-(2-吡啶偶氮)-2-萘酚共沉淀分离富集碱金属盐中痕量铅及铅的原子吸收光谱测定

采用Ｎｉ（Ⅱ）－１－（２－吡啶偶氮）－２－萘酚在ｐＨ ９．７溶液中共沉淀分离富集碱金属盐试剂中的痕量铅，用火焰原子吸收光谱测定，克服了基体干扰，取得了较为满意的结果。同时对共沉淀机理进行了初步的探讨，结果表明其属于吸附共沉淀类型。     

钨丝电沉积石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定食品中不稳定态铅

研究了钨丝电沉积石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定不稳定态铅的条件。结果表明该方法的灵敏度比常规ＣＦＡＡＳ法提高８０倍，检出限为０．０１μｇ．Ｌ－１；变异系数４．５％，在０－２．５μｇ·Ｌ－１范围内线性关系好，抗干扰强。测定了食品中不稳定态铅。     

氢化物发生-原子吸收光谱法测定食盐中微量铅

食盐中铅测定采用萃取-原子吸收光谱法，方法使用有机试剂，操作也复杂。采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法直接测定，氯化钠干扰很大。本文提出氢化物发生-原子吸收光谱法测定食盐中铅。采用WHG-102A2型流动注射氢化物发生器与原子吸收光谱仪配合，载气压力作为自动化能源，流动注射方     

辉光放电,阴极溅射／瞬变原子化原子吸收光谱中阴极材料的研究

辉光放电、阴极溅射／瞬变原子化原子吸收光谱中阴极材料的研究张必成（湖北大学化学系，武汉，４３００６２）关键词辉光放电，阴极溅射，阴极材料辉光放电、阴极溅射／瞬变原子化原子吸收光谱（ＴＡＣＳＧＤ／ＡＡＳ）是近年来出现的高灵敏度痕量分析技术［１］．它是通...     

镍—1—（2—吡啶偶氮）—2—萘酚共沉淀分离富集碱金属盐中痕量铅及铅？…

采用Ｎｉ－１－（２－吡啶偶氮）－２－萘酚在ｐＨ９．７溶液中共沉淀分离富集碱金属盐试剂中的痕量铅，用火焰原子吸收光谱测定，克服了基体干扰，取得了较为满意的结果。同时对共沉淀机理进行了初步的探讨，结果表明其属于吸附共沉淀类型。     

氧化石墨的制备及其有机化处理

Graphite oxide(GO) was successfully prepared by using expandable graphite， which is a new starting material instead of the normally adopted natural graphite. XRD and XPS data indicated that， in the same reaction condition due to the application of expandable graphite， the extent of oxidation for the product， GO， was considerably en-hanced and the period required for oxidation was greatly shortened. In addition， the prepared GO was modified by surfactant， that is the new sample， S-GO， was obtained. As a consequence the extended interlayer space has proved itself to be successfully intercalated by the surfactant.     

石墨氧化过程的XRD/XPS研究

石墨用强氧化剂如硝酸、高氯酸、氯酸钾或高锰酸钾等处理后,在石墨层间形成一种没有化学计量的层间化合物,通常叫做氧化石墨,又称石墨酸犤1犦。氧化石墨的研究历史可追溯到1855年犤2犦,期间,有关氧化石墨的制备及表征的报导获得了广泛的重视。就目前的研究现状而言,普遍认为化学法制备的氧化石墨中存在羟基、环氧官能团和双键结构犤3犦,这一结果已经得到广泛的证实,如FTIR犤4犦结果表明氧化石墨中含有C-OH、-OH、C=O等基团,13CNMR犤5犦也检测到与醚或羟基相联的碳原子,并发现sp2杂化的碳原子,元素分析的结果表明犤6犦,氧化石墨中的C/…     

石墨及石墨/双马来酰亚胺减摩树脂复合材料的XRD研究

利用X射线衍射对鳞片石墨、可膨胀石墨、膨胀石墨和纳米石墨薄片以及石墨 /双马来酰亚胺、纳米石墨薄片 /双马来酰亚胺减摩复合材料进行了研究,探讨它们之间在结构上的关系以及以复合材料中双马来酰亚胺预聚体对石墨层间距的影响.实验结果表明:可膨胀石墨中插层剂的插入除了增大石墨层间距外,还减小相邻插层剂未插入的石墨层间距;膨胀石墨的结构除了保留强度很弱的石墨特征峰外,还有大量强度极其微弱、层间距大小不一的峰;超声波对膨胀石墨的结构有整合、均匀化作用;双马来酰亚胺预聚体不能插入鳞片石墨层间,而能插入纳米石墨薄片的层间.     

可膨胀石墨的制备

本文研究了一种以天然石墨和混酸为原料，高锰酸钾为氧化剂制备高膨胀容积可膨胀石墨的新方法。其最佳参数为：混酸与石墨的重量比为3∶1；高锰酸钾为石墨重量的8%；反应温度25℃；反应时间0.5 h。制得的可膨胀石墨每克可膨胀体积为375毫升，比传统方法制得的可膨胀石墨高出175 ml/g。     

磷酸铵与多聚磷酸铵插层可膨胀石墨的制备

Expandable graphite intercalated by ammonium phosphate (AP) or ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was prepared by direct intercalation and two-step method, respectively. The products from two-step method show higher expansion volume, more weight increase and more weight loss after expansion, suggesting that the two-step method is a favorable method for preparation of APP intercalated EG. XRD provides convincing evidence for successful formation of APP-EG by showing strong diffraction peak at much lower 2θ angle. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) gives more evidence for intercalation of APP in the graphite layers.     

电解氧化法膨胀石墨形成机理研究

采用现代测试方法对电解氧化法制备的膨胀石墨各阶段产物进行了表征 ,对其形成机理作了一些探讨。结果证实 ,在氧化过程中 ,层间表面的石墨被氧化后 ,与嵌入层间的H2 SO4、H2 O等生成层间化合物 ,该化合物瞬间受高热而分解 ,产生的推力使石墨沿C轴方向膨胀 ,而层平面碳 -碳结构未被破坏。     

Electrochemical Characteristics of the Negative Electrode in Lithium-Ion Batteries: Effect of Structure and Surface Properties of the Carbon Material

Dependence of charge-discharge characteristics of the carbon electrode of a lithium-ion battery on crystallographic and macrostructural parameters of the carbon material and the on conditions of a preliminary treatment of this material are studied. The conclusion is drawn that, in order to obtain a carbon material that would be optimum for the negative electrodes of lithium-ion batteries, it is necessary to couple technological expedients of various types that would take into account the opposite, by the results, action of various factors (in the first place, dispersion of carbon and an increase in the temperature of its thermal treatment) on such electrochemical characteristics of electrodes as the rate of a charge-discharge process and value of its coulombic efficiency. Characteristics of carbon materials, obtained on the basis of domestic raw materials, which ensure efficient operation of such electrodes, are presented.     

碳纤维中的单层石墨物相及其对力学性能的影响

依据碳纤维中各种物相的X射线衍射特性, 确认PAN基碳纤维中除了乱层石墨微晶外, 还存在大量的单层六元环C原子层面物相, 建立起两种非完整结晶物相的定量分析方法. 实验结果表明, 随着退火温度由1350 ℃上升到2400 ℃, Tx-3高强型碳纤维中的单层石墨含量由59.6%下降到34.8%, 乱层石墨含量由40.4%上升为65.2%. 与此同时, 碳纤维的拉伸强度则由3.65 GPa下降到2.05 GPa, 而延伸率也由1.04%下降到0.58%. 并对PAN基碳纤维中单层石墨对其力学性能的影响也进行了初步的探讨.     

石墨探针-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定人发中痕量镍

石墨探针原子化技术是一种实现等温原子化和改善灵敏行之有效的方法，采用此方法对痕量镍的测定作了一系列条件试验，峰面积与镍浓度在０－２００ｎｇ／ｍＬ范围内呈线性关系，特征量为５１．８３ｐｇ，检出限为８６．８２ｐｇ，相对标准偏差为３．８６％。     

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of intercalated compounds of fluorinated graphite C2FxBr0.01·yCH3CN

The energy level structure of fluorinated graphite intercalation compounds C₂F_xBr_0.01·yCH₃CN (x = 0.49–0.87, y = 0.084–0.136) has been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy providing the information on the electronic structure of compounds in question. The analysis of variations of the binding energy of core levels C1s, F1s, and O1s opens the possibility to explore the nature of the chemical bond C-F in the fluorographite matrix with a varying degree of fluorination, as well as to model the structure of these compounds. The examination of decomposition results of spectra into components has revealed the occurrence of C-F fragments, carbon atoms not bonded directly to fluorine atoms, and “graphite-like” areas, whose contribution to the overall structure increases with the degree of matrix fluorination decreasing. The presence of oxygen was considered from the viewpoint of surface phenomena characteristic of low-temperature carbon materials.