用含偶氮基的聚苯乙烯大分子引发剂合成两亲性嵌段共聚物

采用含偶氮基的聚苯乙烯预聚物（ＰＳ ＡＣＰＣ）作为引发剂，合成了苯乙烯（Ｓｔ）分别与甲基丙烯酸（ＭＡＡ）、甲基丙烯酸（β 羟丙酯）（ＨＰＭＡ）的嵌段共聚物，考察了ＰＳ ＡＣＰＣ引发第二单体的聚合反应行为，以及影响第二单体转化率和均聚物含量、共聚物组成的因素．用溶解性、凝胶渗透色谱（ＧＰＣ）、红外光谱（ＩＲ）、核磁共振（ＮＭＲ）、动态接触角（ＤＣＡ）等表征了嵌段共聚物．     

二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵—丙烯酰胺反相乳液聚合的动力学特征研究

采用油酸失水山梨醇酯（ＳＰＡＮ）－壬基酚聚氧化乙烯醚（ＯＰ）复合乳化剂与Ｋ２Ｓ２Ｏ８－Ｎａ２ＳＯ３氧化还原引发剂，进行二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵－丙烯酰胺反相乳液共聚合，测得单体的竞聚率为γＤＡＤＭＡＣ＝０．１４±０．１１，γＡＭ＝５．０５±０．６６；在单体浓度为２５─４５％，引发剂浓度０．０６—０．１％，乳化剂浓度为５—９％，聚合温度３０３Ｋ条件下，得到了共聚反应动力学方程：Ｒｐ＝ｋ［Ｍ］０．６８［Ｉ］１．３１［Ｅ］０．７３，文中对上述结果做了解释．     

氯乙烯/N-苯基马来酰亚胺悬浮共聚合速率的研究

考察了单体配比、温度、引发剂浓度诸因素对氯乙烯（ＶＣ）／Ｎ－苯基马来酰亚胺（ＰＭＩ）悬浮共聚速率的影响．ＶＣ／ＰＭＩ共聚有显著的交叉终止,致使共聚速率降低,测得交叉终止速率常数的函数＝５．７７,ＰＭＩ均聚综合速率常数的倒数值δ２＝５３．６５,共聚表观活化能Ｅａ＝１２７．９ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ,增长活化能Ｅｐ＝６３．７ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ,聚合速率对引发剂浓度的反应级数为０．７８６．并对ＶＣ／Ｎ－环己基马来酰亚胺（ＣＨＭＩ）和ＶＣ／ＰＭＩ两个体系进行了比较     

氯乙烯／N—苯基马来酰亚胺悬浮共聚合速率的研究

考察了单体配比、温度、引发剂浓度诸因素对氯乙烯（ＶＣ）／Ｎ－苯基马来酰亚胺（ＰＭＩ）悬浮共聚速率的影响,ＶＣ／ＰＭＩ共聚有显著的交叉终止,致命共聚速率降低,测得交叉终止速率常数的函数φ＝５．７７,ＰＭＩ均聚综合速率常数的倒数值δ２＝５３．６５,共聚表观活化能Ｅａ＝１２７．９ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ,增长活化能ＥＰ＝６３．７ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ,聚合速率对引发剂浓度的反应级数０．７８６,并对ＶＣ／Ｎ＝环己基马来酰亚胺（     

胺基铪茂催化乙烯/1-辛烯无规共聚合的研究

在亚乙基双（ 茚基） 二胺化茂铪（ｒａｃ Ｃ２Ｈ４（Ｉｎｄ）２Ｈｆ（ＮＭｅ２）２ ,简称１ ,Ｉｎｄ ＝ 茚基,Ｍｅ＝ 甲基） 催化作用下,对乙烯（Ｅ） 与１ 辛烯（Ｏ） 无规共聚合进行了研究．作为比较,利用异亚丙基（ 环戊二烯基）（１ 芴基） 二甲基锆茂催化体系（（ＣＨ３）２Ｃ（Ｆｌｕｏ）（Ｃｐ）ＺｒＭｅ２ ,简称２ ,Ｆｌｕｏ ＝ 芴基,Ｃｐ ＝ 环戊二烯基） 对乙烯／１ 辛烯在相同共聚合条件下进行了共聚合．结果表明,在单体浓度比［Ｏ］／［Ｅ］ 较小时共聚合速率随单体浓度比增加而增加,进一步增加单体浓度比则导致共聚合速率降低．催化体系１／Ａｌ（ｉＢｕ）２Ｈ／［Ｐｈ３Ｃ］［Ｂ（Ｃ６Ｆ５）４］（３） 催化共聚活性比２／ ＭＡＯ高得多．共聚物中辛烯含量随反应单体１ 辛烯含量的增加而增加,两单体竞聚率乘积（ ｒＥ×ｒｏ） 小于１ ,表明聚合物为无规共聚物．相同共聚单体浓度比下１／Ａｌ（ｉＢｕ）２Ｈ／３ 催化共聚物中辛烯含量比２／ ＭＡＯ 共聚物中辛烯含量高,表明前者具有更强的共聚合能力．所得无规共聚物熔点温度、结晶度、本体粘度及密度随共聚物中辛烯含量的增加而显著降低．辛烯含量较高时共聚物呈现明显无结晶行为．差示扫描量热分析显示,同乙烯均聚?     

用双官能团引发剂进行的基团转移嵌段共聚研究

本文用二种双官能团引发剂进行基团转移嵌段共聚研究,得到了一系列实测分子量和理论分子量相近、分子量分布较窄的A-B-A型嵌段共聚物。用GPC、~1H-NMR、DSC等手段对嵌段共聚物进行了表征,证明确是两相嵌段共聚丙烯酸酯。发现位阻较大的单体作为第二单体时不利于聚合。过高的催化剂用量使嵌段共聚的总转化率降低。使用极性较大的溶剂可缩短第一步聚合的诱导期,但不影响第二步聚合的诱导期,即极性较大的溶剂有利于催化剂的离解。单体浓度增大使共聚物的分子量减小,多分散性指数增大。可通过单体投料比改变共聚物的热形变温度。     

单茂钛催化剂的丙烯无规聚合反应及其动力学研究

比较了不同钛化合物／甲基铝氧烷（ＭＡＯ）催化体系的丙烯无规聚合，催化活性次序为ＣｐＴｉ（ＯＲ）３＞ＣｐＴｉ（ＯＰｈ）３＞ＣｐＴｉＣｌ３＞Ｃｐ２ＴｉＣｌ２＞Ｔｉ（ＯＢｕ）４＞ＴｉＣｌ４＞Ｔｉ（ＯＢｕ）２Ｃｌ２，所得聚丙烯用沸庚烷抽提８ｈ，溶解９５％以上，可溶部分经１３Ｃ ＮＭＲ、ＷＡＤＸ、ＦＴＩＲ等分析证明为无规聚丙烯（ａＰＰ），是没有结晶性的弹性体．ＧＰＣ测出其分子量Ｍｗ＝８．０～１０．０×１０４，Ｍｗ／Ｍｎ≈２．０．探索了催化体系ＣｐＴｉ（Ｏ ｎ Ｐｒ）３／ＭＡＯ中钛的浓度、［Ａｌ］／［Ｔｉ］摩尔比，丙烯聚合压力，聚合温度和时间对丙烯聚合反应的影响．研究了该催化体系丙烯聚合反应动力学规律，表观聚合反应速率对催化剂浓度和单体压力（浓度）都呈一级反应关系，表观聚合速率常数ＫＰ＝２９２×１０５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ·ｈ（４０℃）．活化能ΔＥ＝－７．８８×１０３Ｊ·ｍｏｌ－１，碰撞因子Ａ＝１．４１×１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ·ｈ．     

单茂钛催化剂用于苯乙烯-乙烯嵌段共聚物的合成与表征

乙烯（Ｅ）与苯乙烯（Ｓ）的嵌段共聚合用自制的两种催化剂———茂基三呋喃甲氧基钛［ＣｐＴｉ（ＯＣＨ２Ｏ）３］和茂基三苄氧基钛［ＣｐＴｉ（ＯＣＨ２Ｐｈ）３］进行了研究．考察了促进剂三甲基铝（ＴＭＡ）及乙烯的预聚合时间对聚合结果的影响，发现不同的催化体系有不同的［ＴＭＡ］最佳值以及随着乙烯预聚合时间的延长总的催化效率降低．对嵌段共聚合产物用丁酮、四氢呋喃和氯仿连续萃取分离，得到四氢呋喃中的可溶级分即嵌段共聚物ＰＥ ｂ ｓＰＳ，它占总嵌段共聚合产物的４０ｗｔ％～６０ｗｔ％．对嵌段共聚物用ＤＳＣ、ＷＡＸＤ、ＦＴＩＲ和１３Ｃ ＮＭＲ等方法进行了表征．     

2—亚甲基丁二酯酐和甲基丙烯酸甲酯的共聚反应研究

２－亚甲基－丁二酯酐和甲基丙烯酸甲酯在四氢呋喃中以过氧化二苯甲酰作引发剂进行自由基共聚合。由作图法求得这两种单体在６６℃的共聚竞聚率：ｒ１＝４．２２，ｒ２＝０．６４，表明它们趋于嵌均共聚。用粘度法和ＧＰＣ测量了共聚物的分子量和分子量分布。     

新型五甲基茂基三苄氧基钛/甲基铝氧烷催化剂合成苯乙烯-乙烯共聚物及其表征

以五甲基茂基三苄氧基钛［Ｃｐ＊ Ｔｉ（ＯＢｚ）３］ 和甲基铝氧烷（ ＭＡＯ） 组成的催化体用本体法合成出苯乙烯 乙烯共聚物Ｐｏｌｙ（Ｓ ｃｏ Ｅ） ．考察了共聚温度,共聚时间,Ａｌ／Ｔｉ 摩尔比,主催化剂浓度［Ｔｉ］ 等条件对共聚反应的影响．共聚产物经沸丁酮,沸四氢呋喃（ＴＨＦ） 连续抽提分离,发现共聚物主要存在于ＴＨＦ 可溶级分中．可溶级分经ＤＳＣ,１３Ｃ ＮＭＲ,ＷＡＸＤ,ＤＭＡ 等手段分析,证明苯乙烯 乙烯共聚物为具有单一玻璃化转变温度（ Ｔｇ） 无熔融温度的无规共聚物,显示弹性体的粘弹性行为．     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.