Structures and optical and electrochemical properties of the Pt(II) and Pd(II) complexes with cyclometallated 2-phenylbenzothiazole and 1,4,7-trithiocyclononane

The distorted square pyramidal structures of the Pt(II) and Pd(II) complexes with cyclometallated 2-phenylbenzothiazole and flexible 1,4,7-trithiocyclononane are shown by X-ray diffraction analysis, IR spectroscopy, and ¹Н, ¹³С{¹H{, and ¹⁹⁵Pt NMR spectroscopy. The axial interaction of the d _Z2 orbital of Pt(II) and Pd(II) with the S atom of 1,4,7-trithiocyclononane results in the temperature quenching of the intraligand phosphorescence of the cyclometallated complexes in a solution and the one-electron ligand- and metal-centered reduction and oxidation of the complexes with the formation of the relatively stable Pd(III) complex (CIF file CCDC no. 1483011).     

Influence of ligand donor-acceptor properties on the structure,optical, and electrochemical characteristics of Ir(III) complexes with cyclometallated 2-phenylbenzotiazole

The cis-C,C-structure of a series of cyclometallated Ir(III) complexes with 2-phenylbenzotiazole was determined by the methods of X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, ¹H, ¹³C, ³¹P NMR, and IR spectroscopy. Long-wave absorption bands, phosphorescence, and processes of electrochemical oxidation and reduction of the complexes were assigned to the transfer of electrons presumably located on d _π and π* orbitals of cyclometallated 2-phenylbenzotiazole. The decrease in donor and acceptor properties of the ligands leads to the blue shift of absorption spectra and phosphorescence and to the anodic shift of oxidation and reduction potentials of the complexes.     

Complexes of Rh(III), Ir(III), and Pt(IV) with metallated 2-(n-tolyl)pyridine,ethylendiamine, acetate,and diethyldithiocarbamate ligands

cis-C,C Isomers of the [M(ptpy)₂(L∧L)](PF₆)_Z complexes [M = Rh(III), Ir(III), Pt(IV); ptpy^? = deprotonated form of 2-(n-tolyl)pyridine, (L∧L) = acetate, trifluoroacetate, or diethyldithiocarbamate anions, or ethylenediamine; z = 0, 1, 2] were prepared and characterized by ¹H and ¹⁹F NMR, IR, electronic absorption and emissions spectroscopy, and by voltammetry methods. The highest occupied and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals were assigned to d _π and π*_ptpy orbitals of the metal and the metallated ligand. Luminescence of the complexes in the visible spectral region was assigned to the spin-forbidden optical transition from the lowest energy state of the mixed nature (π_ptpy-π*_ptpy/d _x -π*_ptpy).     

Novel Emission Color‐Tuning Strategies in Heteroleptic Phosphorescent Ir(III) and Pt(II) Complexes

Color‐tuning for phosphorescent emitters in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) across the entire visible spectrum is prerequisite to fulfil flexible full‐color displays and white solid‐state lighting. Heteroleptic 2‐phenylpyridine‐type (ppy‐type) Ir(III) and Pt(II) complexes as phosphorescent emitters have been well exploited in the electroluminescence (EL) field due to their outstanding EL performance. Furthermore, the photophysical characters of these heteroleptic Ir(III) and Pt(II) complexes are generally dominated by the nature of cyclometalating ppy‐type ligands. Accordingly, either sophisticated modification or judicious combination of different cyclometalating ppy‐type ligands will provide a wonderful platform to tune their emission color. In this personal account, we put a special emphasis on our contributions to the novel color‐tuning strategies in these heteroleptic ppy‐type Ir(III) and Pt(II) complexes. In addition, afforded by our novel color‐tuning strategies, ambipolar character or enhanced electron injection/transport (EI/ET) features can be furnished to bring high EL performances.     

Photophysical and electrochemical properties of heteroleptic tris-cyclometallated Ir(III) complexes

Some new heteroleptic tris-cyclometallated iridium(III) complexes have been synthesized and fully characterized. Among these iridium(III) complexes, bis(1-phenylpyrazolato-N,C^2′)iridium(III)[5-(2′-pyridyl)tetrazolate] (3) and bis(3-methyl-1-phenylpyrazolato-N,C^2′)iridium(III)[5-(2′-pyridyl)tetrazolate] (4) show excellent quantum yields at room temperature, the electron density being perturbed by introducing the pyridyltetrazole ligand, making k_r > k_nr. This destroys the concept of phenylpyrazole based iridium complexes.     

A luminescent multicomponent species made of fullerene and Ir(III) cyclometallated subunits

The first system containing a luminescent Ir(m) cyclometallated species and a functionalized C60 unit has been prepared; triplet-triplet energy transfer from the Ir-based MLCT state to the C60 triplet state occurs, leading to phosphorescence (lifetime, 4.8 ms) of the derivatized-C60 at 77 K.     

Binuclear complexes of Pt(II) with platinated 2-phenylbenzothiazole and bridged derivatives of pyridin- and benzothiazol-2-thiols

Binuclear complexes of Pt(II) cycloplatinated with 2-phenylbenzothiazole and bridging ligands have been shown to contain the Pt-Pt bond. The complexes have been studied by X-ray diffraction, ¹H NMR and electronic absorption spectroscopy, and electrochemical methods. The complexes cis-N_(bt),S-isomers with antisymmetric positions of the cyclometalated and the bridging ligands have been detected in the crystals as well as in the solutions. The low-wavelength absorption and luminescence of the complexes have been assigned to the metal-metal-ligand charge transfer. The two-electron oxidation and reduction waves in the voltamperograms are associated with the metal- and the ligand-centered processes, respectively.     

Half-sandwich Ru(II), Ir(III) and Rh(III) complexes with bridging or chelating N-heterocyclic bis-carbene ligand: Synthesis and characterization

N-heterocyclic bis-carbene ligand (bis-NHC) which was derived from 1,1′-diisopropyl-3,3′-ethylenediimidazolium dibromide (L·2HBr) via silver carbene transfer method, reacted with [(η⁶-p-cymene)RuCl₂]₂ and [Cp^∗MCl₂]₂ (Cp^∗ = η⁵-C₅Me_5, M = Ir, Rh) respectively, afforded complexes [(η⁶-p-cymene)RuCl₂]₂(L) (1), [Cp^∗IrCl₂]₂(L) (2) and [Cp^∗RhCl(L)][Cp^∗RhCl₃] (3). When [Cp^∗IrCl₂]₂ was treated with 2 equiv AgOTf at first, and then reacted with bis-NHC ligand, [Cp^∗IrCl(L)]OTf (4) was obtained. The molecular structures of complexes 1-4 were determined by X-ray single crystal analysis, showing that 1 and 2 adopted bridging coordination mode, 3 and 4 adopted chelating coordination mode. All of these complexes were characterized by ¹H, ¹³C NMR spectroscopy and element analysis.     

Complexes of Pt(II) and Pt(IV) with disubstituted purines

Mixed-ligand complexes of Pt(II) and Pt(IV) with 2,6-diaminopurine and 6-thioguanine were synthesized and characterised. The complexes were prepared in acidic and basic media. The binding of the ligands to the metal ion varies according to the pH of the medium. Thus, in the complexes of 6-thioguanine, the ligand acts as a monodentate ligand coordinating through the neutral C₆-SH group in the acidic medium and in the basic medium as a bidentate ligand binding to the metal ion through C₆S^? and N₇, forming a five-membered chelate ring. In an acidic medium 2,6-diaminopurine forms mononuclear complexes with Pt(II) and Pt(IV) binding through N₇. In a basic medium binuclear hydroxobridged complexes are formed with Pt(IV) and the ligand is monodentate, coordinating through N₇.     

Catalysis by Ir(III), Rh(III) and Pd(II) metal ions in the oxidation of organic compounds with H2O2

Catalytic activities of three transition metals, as iridium (III) chloride, rhodium (III) chloride and palladium (II) chloride, were compared in the oxidation of six aromatic aldehydes (benzaldehyde, p‐chloro benzaldehyde, p‐nitro benzaldehyde, m‐nitro benzaldehyde, p‐methoxy benzaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde), two hydrocarbons (viz. (anthracene and phenanthrene)) and one aromatic and one cyclic alcohol (cyclohexanol and benzyl alcohol) by 50% H₂O₂. The presence of traces (substrate: catalyst ratio equal to 1:62500 to 1:1961) of the chlorides of iridium(III), rhodium(III) and palladium(II) catalyze these oxidations, resulting in good to excellent yields. It was observed that in most of the cases palladium(II) chloride is the most efficient catalyst. Conditions for the highest and most economical yields were obtained. Deviation from the optimum conditions decreases the yields. Oxidation in aromatic aldehydes is selective at the aldehydeic group only and other groups remain unaffected. This new, simple and economical method, which is environmentally safe, also requires less time. Reactive species of catalysts, existing in the reaction mixture are also discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of dichlorodiimine complexes of Au(III) and Pt(II) with 1,4-diazine derivatives of o-phenanthroline

A series of dichlorodiimine complexes [M(N N)Cl₂]^z of Au(III) and Pt(II) with 1,4-derivatives of o-phenanthroline [(N N) = o-phenanthroline (phen), dipyrido[f,h]quinoxaline (dpq), dipyrido[a,c]phenazine (dppz), 6,7-dicyanodipyrido[f,h]quinoxaline (dicnq)] were prepared and characterized by ¹H NMR, electronic absorption, and emission spectroscopy and by cyclic voltammetry. In all the complexes, the ³(π-π*)-type transition is the spin-forbidden transition of the lowest energy, responsible for the luminescence. The longest wave bands in the absorption spectra of the Au(III) and Pd(II) complexes were assigned in accordance with the results of the electrochemical studies to the ¹(d*)-and ¹(d*)-type transitions, respectively.     

Two-dimensional molecular magnets based on [Pt(mnt)2]− ions: Structures and magnetic properties

Two compounds of composition [FBzPy][Pt(mnt)₂] (1) and [FBzPy][Pt(mnt)₂] · 0.25-MeCN (2) ([FBzPy]⁺ = 1-(4′-fluorobenzyl)pyridinium and mnt²⁻ = maleonitriledithiolate) were prepared and their crystal structures were determined. The solvent molecule, MeCN, incorporated into lattice leads the anionic stacking pattern to be distinct between 1 and 2. The regular anionic stacking columns are connected by the anionic dimers to construct into 2D anionic networks in 1, while the anionic fourfold subunit develop into anionic layers though lateral S⋯S interactions in 2. As for two compounds, the magnetic susceptibilities in 2–350 K were measured, and the magnetic exchange schemes were built based on the analyses both crystal structures and extended Hückel molecular orbital calculations. The magnetic coupling model of an alternating AFM Heisenberg chain with an isolated AFM coupling dimer was dealt with 1, while a spin dimer with s = 1/2 with 2, and the magnetic coupling parameters were further gained via simulating the temperature dependent magnetic susceptibility data of two compounds.     

Complexes of Cysteine and Cysteinemethylester with Pd(II) and Pt(II)

The reactions of Cysteine hydrochloride (CysHCl) and Cysteinemethylester hydrochloride (OMeCysHCl) with K₂MX₄ or PdCl₂, where M:Pd(II), Pt(II) and X:Cl, Br have been studied in acidic, neutral and alkaline aqueous solutions. The isolated complexes are of 1:1 and 1:2 metal to ligand ratio as their elemental analyses show. They correspond to the formulae: M(Cy⁻)₂, M(Cys)₂X₂, (MCys⁻X)₂, M(OMeCy⁻)₂, M(OMeCys)₂X₂, [M(OMeCys⁻)X]₂ and (MCys²⁻)_n. Possible structures of the isolated complexes are suggested and discussed with respect to their IR spectra. The results indicate that the coordination sites strongly depend upon the pH of the solutions and the stoichiometry of the metal to ligand ratio.     

新型酰胺功能化铱[III]配合物的光电性能

设计并制备三种具不同官能团的铱[III]邻菲啰啉配合物: [Ir(ppy)₂phen-Br]Cl, [Ir(ppy)₂phen-COOH]Cl, [Ir(ppy)₂phen-Si]Cl,以及对比参照物[Ir(ppy)₂phen-NH₂]Cl.其中, ppy为2-苯基吡啶, phen-Br为2-溴-2甲基-N-(1, 10-菲啰啉-5-基)丙酰胺, phen-COOH为4-[(1, 10-菲啰啉-5-基)氨基]-4-酰基丁烯酸, phen-Si为5-[N, N-二-3-(三乙氧硅)基]酰亚胺-1, 10-菲啰啉, phen-NH₂为5-氨基-邻菲啰啉,并采用核磁共振(NMR)、质谱(MS)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)吸收光谱、荧光(PL)光谱法和循环伏安法(CV)等对上述配合物进行了分析和表征.光物理性能研究结果表明:这些配合物在蓝-紫色可见光区域有较强吸收,可发射出明亮的黄色到橙红色荧光,量子效率达到12%以上.相比较于参照物[Ir(ppy)₂phen-NH₂]Cl (5.78 μs),三种新型配合物在量子效率未明显降低甚至提高的前提下,荧光寿命有了显著的提高(9.18-12.00 μs).其中, [Ir(ppy)₂phen-Br]Cl (1)不但有最高的荧光量子产率(32%)和最长的荧光寿命(12.00 μs),而且也具有最好的氧传感性能, I₀/I (无氧与纯氧条件下的荧光强度比值)可达到10.91.这使得[Ir(ppy)₂phen-Br]Cl有望成为接枝型,较高性能的光学氧传感器的候选氧敏指示剂.除此之外,还通过含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)计算对配合物光电性能进行补充说明,理论计算表明:这些配合物是以铱为中心的近似八面体结构,理论计算结果与实际实验数据相一致.     

Synthesis and photoelectrochemical properties of cyclometallated ruthenium(II) complex

A new ruthenium complex, (4-carboxy-1,10-phenantroline-7-carboxylate)(4,7-dicarboxy-1,10-phenantroline)(2-phenylpyridino-²C,N) ruthenium(II), was obtained for the application as a sensitizer in photoelectrochemical converters (PECC). Electrochemical and spectral characteristics of the compound were studied. It was found that the illumination of PECC with AM 1.5 100 mW/cm² solar spectrum simulator provides short circuit current density of 3.9 mA cm^?2 and broken circuit voltage of 0.47 V. PECC efficiency is 1.4% at fillfactor 76%. The lifetimes of charge carriers (electrons) and their transit time determined by modulation spectroscopy were found to be 28 and 4 ms, respectively.     

Synthesis,Physicochemical and Thermal Analyses of Ru(III), Pt(IV), and Ir(III) Complexes with NO Bidentate Schiff Base Ligand

Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A - The chemical reaction of the 2-[(2,3-dihydroxybenzylidene)amino]benzoic acid (H3L2) Schiff base ligand with Ru(III), Pt(IV) and Ir(III) transition metal...     

Changes in the spectroelectrochemical properties of copper(II) hexacyanoferrate(III) during electrochemical insertion of alkaline ions

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - In this work, the influence of the electrochemical insertion of different alkali ions, e.g., lithium, sodium, and potassium, on the electrochromic...     

Potentiometric titration and differentiation of cyano and nitrito complexes of Ir(III), Pt(II), and Pd(II)

Summary The precipitation titration of the nitrito complexes of Ir(III), Pt(II), and Pd(II) vs. cetylpyridinium chloride is reported. The corresponding cyanide complexes of these precious metals are also precipitated by silver nitrate, which does not react with the nitrito complexes. Differentiation of the 2 types of complexes is, therefore, possible. Sequential estimation of the cyanide complexes and some anions such as bromide, cyanide, and aurocyanide is feasible with silver nitrate.

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Potentiometrische Titration und Differenzierung von Cyano- und Nitrito-Komplexen von Ir(III), Pt(II) und Pd(II)

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Work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract number W-7405-ENG-48