Smooth functional derivatives in Feynman path integrals by time slicing approximation

We give a fairly general class of functionals on a path space so that Feynman path integral has a mathematically rigorous meaning. More precisely, for any functional belonging to our class, the time slicing approximation of Feynman path integral converges uniformly on compact subsets of the configuration space. Our class of functionals is closed under addition, multiplication, functional differentiation, translation and real linear transformation. The integration by parts and Taylor's expansion formula with respect to functional differentiation holds in Feynman path integral. Feynman path integral is invariant under translation and orthogonal transformation. The interchange of the order with Riemann-Stieltjes integrals, the interchange of the order with a limit, the semiclassical approximation and the fundamental theorem of calculus in Feynman path integral stay valid as well as N. Kumano-go [Bull. Sci. Math. 128 (3) (2004) 197-251].     

Feynman path integrals as analysis on path space by time slicing approximation

Using the time slicing approximation, we give a mathematically rigorous definition of Feynman path integrals for a general class of functionals on the path space. As an application, we prove the interchange with Riemann-Stieltjes integrals, the interchange with a limit, the perturbation expansion formula, the semiclassical approximation, and the fundamental theorem of calculus in Feynman path integral.     

Path integrals as analysis on path space by time slicing approximation

This is a survey of our papers [3, 4]. We give a fairly general class of functionals on a path space so that Feynman path integral has a mathematically rigorous meaning. More precisely, for any functional belonging to our class, the time slicing approximation of Feynman path integral converges uniformly on compact subsets of the configuration space. Our class of functionals is closed under addition, multiplication, translation, real linear transformation and functional differentiation. The invariance under translation and orthogonal transformation, the interchange of the order with Riemann-Stieltjes integrals and some limits, the semiclassical approximation, the integration by parts and the Taylor expansion formula with respect to functional differentiation, and the fundamental theorem of calculus hold in Feynman path integral. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Path Integrals in Noncommutative Quantum Mechanics

We consider an extension of the Feynman path integral to the quantum mechanics of noncommuting spatial coordinates and formulate the corresponding formalism for noncommutative classical dynamics related to quadratic Lagrangians (Hamiltonians). The basis of our approach is that a quantum mechanical system with a noncommutative configuration space can be regarded as another effective system with commuting spatial coordinates. Because the path integral for quadratic Lagrangians is exactly solvable and a general formula for the probability amplitude exists, we restrict our research to this class of Lagrangians. We find a general relation between quadratic Lagrangians in their commutative and noncommutative regimes and present the corresponding noncommutative path integral. This method is illustrated with two quantum mechanical systems in the noncommutative plane: a particle in a constant field and a harmonic oscillator.     

Hyperbolic integro-differential equations of convolution type

Making use of the theory of Wiener-Hopf operators in the scale of abstract Krein spaces, we prove existence and uniqueness of unbounded solutions for the linear hyperbolic integrodifferential equation (P_o). We extend herewith results obtained in [8] for hyperbolic evolution equations, where the convolution integral was absent. The method utilizes Dunford's functional calculus and permits thus a constructive existence proof for solutions exhibiting an exponential growth rate when time increases. Our approach bases upon the fundamental hypothesis that the spectrum of the time-independent mapping -A shows a parabolic condensation along the negative real axis. This condition completely determines the admissible geometry of the spectral set of the convolution integral operator, and a fortiori the magnitude of the exponential growth rate. The theory works in arbitrary reflexive Banach spaces.     

Non-differentiable variational principles

We develop a calculus of variations for functionals which are defined on a set of non-differentiable curves. We first extend the classical differential calculus in a quantum calculus, which allows us to define a complex operator, called the scale derivative, which is the non-differentiable analogue of the classical derivative. We then define the notion of extremals for our functionals and obtain a characterization in term of a generalized Euler-Lagrange equation. We finally prove that solutions of the Schrödinger equation can be obtained as extremals of a non-differentiable variational principle, leading to an extended Hamilton's principle of least action for quantum mechanics. We compare this approach with the scale relativity theory of Nottale, which assumes a fractal structure of space-time.     

Integral Kernel Operators on Fock Space – Generalizations and Applications to Quantum Dynamics

A general theory of operators on Boson Fock space is discussed in terms of the white noise distribution theory on Gaussian space (white noise calculus). An integral kernel operator is generalized from two aspects: (i) The use of an operator-valued distribution as an integral kernel leads us to the Fubini type theorem which allows an iterated integration in an integral kernel operator. As an application a white noise approach to quantum stochastic integrals is discussed and a quantum Hitsuda–Skorokhod integral is introduced. (ii) The use of pointwise derivatives of annihilation and creation operators assures the partial integration in an integral kernel operator. In particular, the particle flux density becomes a distribution with values in continuous operators on white noise functions and yields a representation of a Lie algebra of vector fields by means of such operators.     

Explicit Green operators for quantum mechanical Hamiltonians. I. The hydrogen atom

We study a new approach to determine the asymptotic behaviour of quantum many-particle systems near coalescence points of particles which interact via singular Coulomb potentials. This problem is of fundamental interest in electronic structure theory in order to establish accurate and efficient models for numerical simulations. Within our approach, coalescence points of particles are treated as embedded geometric singularities in the configuration space of electrons. Based on a general singular pseudo-differential calculus, we provide a recursive scheme for the calculation of the parametrix and corresponding Green operator of a nonrelativistic Hamiltonian. In our singular calculus, the Green operator encodes all the asymptotic information of the eigenfunctions. Explicit calculations and an asymptotic representation for the Green operator of the hydrogen atom and isoelectronic ions are presented.     

Complex Measures on Path Space: An Introduction to the Feynman Integral Applied to the Schro¨dinger Equation

A simple general approach to the construction of measures on path space is developed. It is used for the path integral representation of evolutionary equations including Feller processes, the Schro¨dinger equation, and dissipative Schro¨dinger equations. At the end of the paper we give a short guide to the immense literature on path integration sketching the main known approaches to the construction of the Feynman integral and indicating possible generalizations.     

Fractional differential and integral operations via cumulative approach

In this study, a fractal operator model of cumulative processes is described. Accordingly, differential and integral operators of the fractional calculus are derived by the fractal operator model of a cumulative process. In order to exhibit the relation between our cumulative approach and fractional calculus, vertical motion of a body is handled within these frameworks. Thereby, regard to our assessments, the underlying physical mechanism of the success of the fractional differintegral operators in describing stochastic complex systems is uncovered to some extent.     

On solvability of differential equations with the Riesz fractional derivative

We consider the solvability of fractional differential equations involving the Riesz fractional derivative. Our approach basically relies on the reduction of the problem considered to the equivalent nonlinear mixed Volterra and Cauchy-type singular integral equation and on the theory of fractional calculus. By establishing a compactness property of the Riemann–Liouville fractional integral operator on Lebesgue spaces and using the well-known Krasnoselskii's fixed point theorem, an existence of at least one solution is gleaned. An example is finally included to show the applicability of the theory.     

Existence of the Global Smooth Solution to the Period Boundary Value Problem of Fractional Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation

It is well known that Feynman and Hibbs[1] used path integrals over Brownian paths to derive the standard(nonfractional) Schrodinger equation. Recently, Laskin[5, 6] showed that the path integral over the Lévy-like quantum mechanical paths allows to develop the generalization of the quantum mechanics. Namely, if the path integral over Brownian trajectories leads to the well known Schrodinger equation, then the path integral over Lévy trajectories leads to the fractional Schrodinger equation. Laskin[7] showed the Hermiticity of the fractional Hamilton operator and established the parity conservation law. Xiaoyi Guo and Mingyu Xu[4] studied some physical applications of the fractional Schrodinger equation.     

Integration with respect to Fractal Functions and Stochastic Calculus II

The link between fractional and stochastic calculus established in part I of this paper is investigated in more detail.We study a fractional integral operator extending the Lebesgue – Stieltjes integral and introduce a related concept of stochastic integral which is similar to the so – called forward integral in stochastic integration theory.The results are applied to ODE driven by fractal functions and to anticipative SDE whose noise processes possess absolutely continuous generalized covariation processes.A survey on this approach may be found in [21].     

Transformations of Feynman integrals under nonlinear transformations of the phase space

The Feynman measure is defined as a linear continuous functional on a test-function space (introduced in the paper). The functional is given by means of its Fourier transform. Not only a positive-definite correlation operator but also one without fixed sign is considered (the latter case corresponds to the so-called symplectic, or Hamiltonian, Feynman measure). The Feynman integral is the value of the Feynman measure on a function (in the test-function space). The effect on the Feynman measure of nonlinear transformations of the phase space in the form of shifts along vector fields or along integral curves of vector fields is described. Analogs of the well-known Cameron—Martin, Girsanov—Maruyama, and Ramer formulas in the theory of Gaussian measures are obtained. The results of the paper can be regarded as formulas for a change of variable in Feynman integrals.Moscow State University. Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 100, No. 1, pp. 3–13, July, 1994.     

Existence of positive almost automorphic solutions to nonlinear delay integral equations

This paper is concerned with the existence of positive almost automorphic solutions to some nonlinear delay integral equations. We first establish a new fixed point theorem for mixed monotone operator in a cone, and then, with its help, we obtain existence theorems of positive almost automorphic solutions. Some examples are given to illustrate our results. As one will see, even in the case of almost periodicity, our theorems extend some earlier results, and moreover, the approach dealing with the integral equation arising in an epidemic problem in this paper is also new.     

A representation of the Belavkin equation via Feynman path integrals

 The Belavkin equation, describing the continuous measurement of the position of a quantum particle, is studied. A rigorous representation of its solution by means of an infinite dimensional oscillatory integral (Feynman path integral) defined on the complex Cameron-Martin space is given. Received: 7 January 2002 / Revised version: 20 June 2002 / Published online: 19 December 2002 Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 81, 81S40, 60H15 Key words or phrases: Belavkin equation – Continuous measurement – Quantum theory – Oscillatory integrals – Feynman path integrals     

The effective conductivity of a randomly inhomogeneous medium

Using a representation of the solution to the diffusion equation in a randomly inhomogeneous medium in the form of a Feynman path integral an explicit expression is obtained for the effective conductivity in a space of arbitrary dimension. A calculation of the path integral only turns out to be possible in the case of a large-scale limit. In particular, it is shown that in the three-dimensional case the expression for the effective conductivity does not admit of an expansion in terms of the conductivity variance. This indicates that the use of standard perturbation theory in the form of an expansion in terms of the conductivity fluctuations is incorrect.     

Some relationships for the double modified generalized analytic function space Fourier–Feynman transform and its applications

In this paper we first introduce the concept of a double modified analytic function space Fourier–Feynman transform using the double modified analytic function space integral. We then proceed to establish the existence of the modified analytic function space Fourier–Feynman transform for all functionals in the Banach algebra. Finally we use this double modified analytic function space transform to explain various physical phenomenon.     

Realization of frobenius manifolds as submanifolds in pseudo-Euclidean spaces

We obtain Feynman formulas in the momentum space and Feynman-Kac formulas in the momentum and phase spaces for a p-adic analog of the heat equation in which the role of the Laplace operator is played by the Vladimirov operator. We also present the Feynman and Feynman-Kac formulas in the configuration space that have been proved in our previous papers under additional constraints. In all these formulas, integration is performed with respect to countably additive measures. The technique developed in the paper is fundamentally different from that used by the authors when studying path integrals in configuration spaces. In particular, the paper extensively uses the infinite-dimensional Fourier transform.     

Method of steepest descent for path integrals

To estimate a Feynman path integral for a nonrelativistic particle with one degree of freedom in an arbitrary potentialV(x), it is proposed to use a functional method of steepest descent, the analog of the method for finite-dimensional integrals, without going over to the Euclidean form of the theory. The concepts of functional Cauchy—Riemann conditions and Cauchy theorem in a complex function space are introduced and used essentially. After the choice in this space of a contour of steepest descent, the original Feynman integral is reduced to a functional integral of a decreasing exponential. In principle, the obtained result can serve as a basis for constructing the measure of Feynman path integrals.State University, Petrozavodsk. Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 102, No. 2, pp. 210–216, February, 1995