Calculation of middle-dense fluid viscosity

The fluid viscosity equation is obtained with help of earlier equations for viscosity and thermodynamic system internal energy; it allows us to calculate viscosity in a wide range of state variables within the experimental accuracy.     

温度对液体黏度影响的实验研究

利用自主开发的多光电门可变温式液体黏度测试仪研究了液体黏度随温度变化的关系,得到了实验曲线,显示了不同温度区段的变化特性.     

高温金属熔体黏度突变探索

高温金属熔体的黏度是衡量液态金属动力学性质的一个重要指标,是高温金属熔体的基本物理性能之一.熔体的黏度在表征脆性系数、金属玻璃形成能力的大小和液-液相变现象方面起关键性作用.本文在介绍高温金属熔体黏度测量方法的基础上,综合评述了单质、二元和多元合金黏度随温度的变化规律和黏度突变特征,分析了黏度突变研究的物理意义,并指出高温金属熔体黏度今后研究的发展方向。     

Density expansion of viscosity coefficient

The formalism developed earlier has been extended to obtain the density expansion of viscosity coefficient. The important role played by the Hartree average energy in obtaining an explicit temperature dependence for the density coefficients of the viscosity is demonstrated. The results obtained are compared with the available experimental data for the first density coefficient. A satisfactory agreement between theory and experiment is found.     

毛细管法测量液体黏度实验再设计

设计了简单的毛细管法测量液体黏度的实验装置,通过测量液面高度与时间的变化,拟合实验数据得到液体的黏度,省去了传统的恒压液槽的设计.通过毛细管外加恒温管的方法,可较准确地测量不同温度下液体黏度的变化.通过实验给出泊肃叶公式中液体流速与毛细管长度、内径以及两端压强差的关系.     

The effect of bulk viscosity on single bubble dynamics and sonoluminescence

In our previous paper, we derived a new single bubble model including the effect of bulk viscosity. To confront it to experiments, single bubble dynamics was measured here in 30% (v/v) glycerol-water mixture under different acoustic amplitudes and compared to models including or not the effect of bulk viscosity. The results showed that calculated bubble dynamics were not significantly affected by the bulk viscosity within the experimental conditions used in this study. However, there was a noticeable delay for the first rebound when bulk viscosity was considered. The corresponding sonoluminescence intensities were collected and compared with theoretical predictions. The results did not allow to discriminate between the two models (one includes the effect of bulk viscosity, the other does not), confirming the negligible effect of bulk viscosity in this condition (30% (v/v) glycerol-water mixture). Due to the instability of a single bubble in higher viscosity solutions, we could not implement experiments that can discriminate between the two models.     

Inflation driven by energy and curvature dependent bulk viscosity

We study the relative rates of expansion in cosmologies admitting curvature dependent and energy dependent bulk viscosity. It is conjectured that curvature dependant bulk viscosity may be a phenomenological way of representing gravitational vacuum polarization around the time of the Planck era.     

Modeling effective viscosity reduction behaviour of solid suspensions

Under a simple shearing flow, the effective viscosity of solid suspensions can be reduced by controlling the inclusion particle size or the number of inclusion particles in a unit volume. Based on the Stokes equation, the transformation field method is used to model the reduction behaviour of effective viscosity of solid suspensions theoretically by enlarging the particle size at a given high concentration of particles. With a lot of samples of random cubic particles in a unit cell, our statistical results show that at the same higher concentration, the effective viscosity of solid suspensions can be reduced by increasing the particle size or reducing the number of inclusion particles in a unit volume. This work discloses the viscosity reduction mechanism of increasing particle size, which is observed experimentally.     

Effective eddy viscosity in stratified turbulence

This paper investigates the effective eddy viscosity inferred from direct numerical simulations of decaying stratified and non-stratified turbulence. It is shown that stratification affects the horizontal eddy viscosity dramatically, by increasing non-local energy transfer between large and small horizontal scales. This non-local horizontal energy transfer is around 20% of the local horizontal energy transfer at the cutoff wavenumber k_c = 40. The non-local horizontal energy transfer occurs at large vertical wavenumbers, which may be larger than the buoyancy wavenumber k_b = N/u_rms, where N is the buoyancy frequency and u_rms is the root-mean-square velocity. By increasing the value of the test cutoff wavenumber k_c from large scales to the dissipation range, the non-local horizontal eddy viscosity decreases and the local eddy viscosity is dominant. Overall, the presence of stratification can significantly change the features of subgrid-scale (SGS) motions. Current SGS models should, therefore, be modified for use in large-eddy simulation of stratified turbulence.     

A green function approach to shear viscosity coefficient

Modified transport equations are derived from Kadanoff and Baym kinetic equations, suitable for the study of thermal transport coefficients. These equations include the Hartree average energy term which has been ignored in the previous studies of thermal transport coefficients. They are linearised and the successive perturbation method is employed to solve them. The solutions are applied to shear viscosity coefficient of gases and the results are compared with the recent experimental measurements for several complex and simple gases. The potential assumed is a hard core one with a perturbation tail. The agreements are particularly good for gases with low molecular weight and in the high temperature range. For complex molecules even in the low temperature range, the agreement is better than the previous calculations. The formula derived yields the explicit temperature dependence of the viscosity coefficient.     

Coefficients of viscosity of a gaseous plasma

We present here an order of magnitude calculation for the coefficients of viscosity with the assumption that the drift velocity introduces asymmetry both in the single-particle distribution functionf ₁ and the correlation functionP(1, 2). These asymmetric parts have been estimated considering the self-relaxation of the system when the cause of drift velocity is suddenly removed. Using these, the kinetic part of the coefficient of electron viscosity has been calculated and the result fairly agrees with similar studies by others. The potential part of shear viscosity coefficient is found to be zero while both parts of the coefficient of bulk viscosity are non-zero.     

A neutrino universe with viscosity

A solution of the Einstein field equation corresponding to a distribution of fluid with equation of stateρ = 3p but with a nonvanishing shear viscosity is presented. The solution is spherical symmetric and the flow lines are geodetic.     

Discrete hydrodynamics: Numerical results for the soft-sphere viscosity

Numerical calculations have been done of the viscosity of the soft-sphere liquid, using a new molecular dynamics technique. It is based on a formulation of hydrodynamics which is discrete in space and time, and exactly renormalizable. The present data turn out to be sufficient to estimate the viscosity, but determination of the full equations of motion (and therefore renormalization) requires further calculations using a smaller discrete time interval; these are presently under way. The present results indicate that this method is more than 100 times more efficient than previous (Green-Kubo or nonequilibrium molecular dynamics) methods. This suggests that the discrete formulation is the most natural way to approach hydrodynamics.     

Bulk viscosity of hot dense Quark matter in the PNJL model

Starting from the Kubo formula and the QCD low energy theorem, we study the the bulk viscosity of hot dense quark matter in the PNJL model from the equation of state. We show that the bulk viscosity has a sharp peak near the chiral phase transition, and that the ratio of bulk viscosity over entropy rises dramatically in the vicinity of the phase transition. These results agree with those from the lattice and other model calculations. In addition, we show that the increase of chemical potential raises the bulk viscosity.     

On the measurement of magnetic viscosity

This work is an investigation of the experimental method used for measuring the magnetic viscosity in a hard ferromagnetic material, i.e. the recording of the magnetization under constant applied field and temperature, after the material has been magnetically saturated. It investigates how the experimental results are affected by the initial conditions of the method (saturation field, field change rate and field oscillation prior to its stabilization), and by minor variations of field and temperature during the recording. Based on the arising conclusions and the use of a more complex fitting function of measurements, the accuracy and repeatability of experimental results is improved.     

Effect of magnetic field-dependent viscosity on revolving ferrofluid

The effect of magnetic field-dependent viscosity on the revolving axi-symmetric steady flow of ferrofluid in a disc is investigated by solving the boundary layer equations using Neuringer-Rosenweig model. Besides numerically calculating the velocity components and pressure for different values of magnetic field-dependent viscosity with variation in dimensionless parameter α (Karman’s parameter), we also have calculated the thickness of the boundary layer and the total volume flowing outward the z-axis. Here, the solutions of non-linear differential equations are obtained in the form of asymptotic series.     

Dilute gas viscosity of n-alkanes represented by rigid Lennard-Jones chains

ABSTRACT

The shear viscosity in the dilute gas limit has been calculated by means of the classical trajectory method for a gas consisting of chain-like molecules. The molecules were modelled as rigid chains made up of spherical segments that interact through a combination of site–site Lennard-Jones 12-6 potentials. Results are reported for chains consisting of 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 16 segments in the reduced temperature range of 0.3–50 for site–site separations of 0.25σ, 0.333σ, 0.40σ, 0.60σ and 0.80σ, where σ is the Lennard-Jones length scaling parameter. The results were used to determine the shear viscosity of n-alkanes in the zero-density limit by representing an n-alkane molecule as a rigid linear chain consisting of n_c ? 1?spherical segments, where n_c?is the number of carbon atoms. We show that for a given n-alkane molecule, the scaling parameters ? and σ are not unique and not transferable from one molecule to another. The commonly used site–site Lennard-Jones 12-6 potential in combination with a rigid-chain molecular representation can only accurately mimic the viscosity if the scaling parameters are fitted. If the scaling parameters are estimated from the scaling parameters of other n-alkanes, the predicted viscosity values have an unacceptably high uncertainty.     

转筒法测液体黏度关系式比较研究

对文献中转筒法测液体黏度的几个关系式进行了比较研究,指出了其中的问题.     

A framework for developing a mimetic tensor artificial viscosity for Lagrangian hydrocodes on arbitrary polygonal meshes

We construct a new mimetic tensor artificial viscosity on general polygonal meshes. The tensor artificial viscosity is based on discretization of coordinate invariant operators, divergence of a tensor and gradient of a vector. The focus of this paper is on the non-symmetric form, div(μ∇u), of the tensor artificial viscosity. The discretizations of this operator is derived for the case of a full tensor coefficient μ. However, in the numerical experiments, we only use scalar μ. We prove that the new tensor viscosity preserves spatial symmetry on special meshes. We demonstrate performance of the new viscosity for the Noh implosion, Sedov explosion and Saltzman piston problems on a set of various polygonal meshes in both Cartesian and axisymmetric coordinate systems.