氯柱硼镁石的合成及其在20℃水中的溶解相转化动力学研究

报道了合成氯柱硼镁石的快捷方法及该复盐在20℃水中的溶解和相转化过程.结果表明:该复盐在水中呈现不同步溶解,首先溶脱掉MgCl2·6H2O,生成中间产物MgO·B2O2·4H2O,随后发生转化,最终转化产物是2MgO·3B2O2·15H2O.拟合出了溶解转化结晶动力学方程,提出了溶解转化结晶反应机制.     

氯柱硼镁石在87 ℃水中的溶解及相转化动力学

对氯柱硼镁石(2MgO•2B2O3•MgCl2•14H2O)在87 ℃水中的溶解转化进行了动力学考察.通过对不同时间取出液样的化学分析和不同阶段分离的固相IR和XRD鉴定表明：其高温区溶解转化不同于低温,氯柱硼镁石很快溶脱掉MgCl2,形成晶形的MgO•B2O3•4H2O中间产物,最终转化产物柱硼镁石（MgO•B2O3•3H2O）,是由MgO•B2O3•4H2O脱水后从溶液中大量析出的.提出了溶解及相转化机理,拟合出转化结晶动力学方程.     

2MgO·2B2O3·MgCl2·14H2O在60℃水中的溶解及相转化动？…

用动力学方法研究了２ＭｇＯ·２Ｂ２Ｏ３·ＭｇＣｌ２·１４Ｈ２Ｏ在６０℃水中的溶解及相转化过程通过对不同时间取出液相的化学分析及不同阶段分离出固相所作鉴定结果表明,该复盐呈不同步溶解,中间产物是ＭｇＯ·Ｂ２Ｏ２·４Ｈ２Ｏ和Ｍｇ（ＯＨ）２,最终转化产物是柱硼镁石（ＭｇＯ·Ｂ２Ｏ３·３Ｈ２Ｏ）,提出了溶解及相转化机理,给出了溶解和转化结晶动力学方程。     

游离氧化钙,氧化镁连续测定的电导法研究

研究了乙二醇对氧化钙，氧化镁的提取条件，利用乙二醇提取氧化钙后在催化剂存在下继续提取氧化镁，建立了电导法连续测定ＣａＯ，ＭｇＯ分析方法，可用于水泥熟料中游离氧化钙，氧化镁的测定。     

偶氮氯膦Ⅰ光度法测定稀土镁硅铁合金中氧化镁

采用重铬酸钾分离氧化镁体系,试验了大量重铬酸钾存在下,镁(Ⅱ)与偶氮氯膦Ⅰ的显色条件,研究了制样条件对测定氧化镁的影响。试验结果表明,测定误差主要来源于取样、制样及氧化镁的分离。建立了稀土镁硅铁合金中氧化镁的偶氮氯膦Ⅰ光度测定法。方法的RSD为6．67％。     

氯碳酸镁盐的溶解、转化机制及动力学研究

采用ＮＨ４ＨＣＯ３溶液逐滴加入浓的ＭｇＣｌ２水溶液中，经回流沸腾制得氯碳酸镁盐的晶体２ＭｇＣＯ３．Ｍｇ（ＯＨ）２．ＭｇＣｌ２．６Ｈ２Ｏ。     

硼酸溶液中氯柱硼镁石的溶解及相转化动力学

对氯柱硼镁石（2MgO•2B2O3•MgCl2•14H2O）在4.5％H3BO3水溶液40 ℃的溶解及相转化过程进行了动力学研究.对不同时间取出的液相的化学分析及不同阶段分离固相的鉴定结果表明,该复盐在溶解阶段出现与前所报导不同的同步溶解，最终产物是库水硼镁石（2MgO•3B2O3•15H2O）.提出了库水硼镁石的形成条件和溶解及相转化动力学机理，利用单纯形优化法配合Runge-Kutta微分方程组数值解法对实验数据进行处理，给出了转化结晶动力学方程.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

氯柱硼镁石在50℃ 4.5%的硼酸溶液中溶解及相转化动力学

我国青藏高原分布有众多盐湖,至今在盐湖沉积矿中已发现多种硼酸盐矿物,库水硼镁石(2MgO·3B2O3·15H2O)和多水硼镁石是其中的两种。但通常库水硼镁石难以形成。前文[1]报导氯柱硼镁石 硼酸 水体系30℃的相平衡,其中硼酸的质量分数为2 5～5%范围内,得到了库水硼镁石。为了探索库水硼镁石的形成过程以及温度对其形成的影响,本文研究了氯柱硼镁石在50℃4 5%硼酸水溶液中的溶解及相转化的动力学过程。旨在对盐湖演化过程中不同时期镁硼酸盐的形成以及成盐元素的地球化学进行理论解释和预测,探索镁硼酸盐在卤水中不同蒸发阶段的存在形式,…     

钾光卤石溶解动力学

研究了钾光卤石在不同分解液及不同温度的溶解机制，建立了溶解及结晶动力学方程     

紫杉醇在二甲基亚砜中的溶解行为

用微热量热仪测量紫杉醇在二甲亚砜中的溶解焓。 得到了微分溶解热（Δ_difH_m）和积分溶解热（Δ_solH_m）,建立了热量与溶质的量之间的关系式。 并得到了紫杉醇在二甲亚砜中溶解过程的动力学方程：da/dt=2.92×10^-4×(1-a)^1.00,半衰期t_1/2=50.43 min,Δ_solH_m=32.67 kJ/mol以及Δ_solS_m=-204.93 J/(mol·K)。结果表明,利用微热量热法可以为药物半衰期的测定提供一种简便的方法,并可为紫杉醇的临床应用提供理论参考。     

奥氏体不锈钢中氮的溶解行为

本文测定不同温度、氮分压和化学组成时奥氏体不锈钢中氮的溶解行为,为含氮奥氏体不锈钢生产过程中的氮含量控制提供了理论依据.     

Dissolution kinetics of MgO in aqueous,acidic media

The method of the rotating disc was used to study the kinetics of MgO dissolution. Single crystals of MgO with the orientation {100}, {101}, and {111} were dissolved in N₂-saturated HClO₄-NaClO₄ solutions of constant ionic strength (I=1.0 mol kg^–1). Chemical, mixed and diffusional control of the reaction leading to dissolution has been found between 25 to 90°C and 0.5<pH<3. The dissolution at 90°C andpH3 occurred diffusionally controlled with respect to H⁺ ions. Independent measurements of the limiting current densities for the cathodic reduction of H⁺ ions were carried out in solutions of the same composition and confirmed this kind of control. In the chemical control region the dissolution rates were proportional to the Mg²⁺ ion densities of the single crystal surfaces investigated. The dissolution rates relative to {111}, at 40°C andpH=1, were found to be: 1.0±0.1 (1.0) {111}; 1.3±0.2 (1.2) {101} and 1.7±0.2 (1.7) {100}. Figures in parentheses refer to the relative Mg²⁺ ion densities of the surface. Reproducible results of high quality can only be obtained when fresh dislocations are removed by chemical polishing.In a limitedpH range these results were formally consistent with the complex formation model of metal oxide dissolution. For substances with large surfaces this model applies frequently. However, for single crystals no methods are known which allow the independent determination of the amount of surface OH-groups and the surface complex formation constants. Although the overall dissolution behaviour of MgO, which is relevant for industrial applications, is now rather well known, not enough information for unambiguous mechanistic conclusions is available.Herrn O. Univ.-Prof. Dr.K. Komarek zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

醇/水混合溶剂中碱性聚合物电解质独特的溶解行为

Self-aggregated quaternary ammonium polysulfone (aQAPS) is a high-performance alkaline polymer electrolyte that has been applied in alkaline polymer electrolyte fuel cells (APEFCs). For a long time, N, N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) has been considered the best solvent to dissolve aQAPS, but the high boiling point of DMF makes it hard to remove from the electrodes, which potentially poisons the electrocatalysts. Our recent experiments have shown that although aQAPS is unable to dissolve in ethanol, n-propanol, or water, it can dissolve in the mixture of these alcohols and water. This peculiar dissolution behavior significantly facilitates the fabrication of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) for APEFCs, even though it has not been understood. In this work, atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to study the dissolution behavior of aQAPS in different solvents, including water, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, DMF, and the mixture of these non-aqueous solvents and water. The conformation of the aQAPS chain in pure solvents agreed well with the dissolution behavior observed in the experiments, even though in the water-containing mixed solvents, the aQAPS chain tended to be in a more contracted state. The simulations further revealed that the water component in the mixed solvents played dual roles. On one hand, the hydrocarbon chain of aQAPS was compressed to a contracted state upon the addition of water, because of the hydrophobic effect. On the other hand, water can drive the dissociation of the counterion (Cl^{–­ ­ ­} ), which led to an enhancement in the solute-solvent interaction energy and thus facilitated the dissolution of aQAPS. In most mixed solvents, the compensation of these two interactions resulted in a general increase in the total solute-solvent interaction energy; therefore, the addition of water was energetically favorable for the dissolution of aQAPS. This study not only furthers our fundamental understanding of the dissolution behavior of polyelectrolytes but also is technologically significant for the development of better APEFCs.     

Dissolution Thermodynamics of 1,2,3-Triazole Nitrate in Water

The enthalpies of dissolution of 1,2,3-triazole nitrate in water were measured using a RD496-2000 Calvet microcalorimeter at four different temperatures under atmospheric pressure. Differential enthalpies (Δ_dif H) and molar enthalpies (Δ_diss H) of dissolution were determined. The corresponding kinetic equations that describe the dissolution rate at the four experimental temperatures are \fracdadt / s ^{- 1} = 10 ^{- 3.75}( 1 - a)^0.96\frac{d\alpha}{dt} / \mathrm{s}^{ - 1} =10^{ - 3.75}( 1 - \alpha)^{0.96} (T=298.15 K), \fracdadt /s ^{- 1} = 10 ^{- 3.73}( 1 - a)^1.00\frac{d\alpha}{dt} /\mathrm{s}^{ - 1} = 10^{ - 3.73}( 1 - \alpha)^{1.00} (T=303.15 K), \fracdadt / s ^{- 1} = 10 ^{- 3.72}( 1 - a)^0.98\frac{d\alpha}{dt} / \mathrm{s}^{ - 1} = 10^{ - 3.72}( 1 - \alpha)^{0.98} (T=308.15 K) and \fracdadt / s ^{- 1} = 10 ^{- 3.71}( 1 -a)^0.97\frac{d\alpha}{dt} / \mathrm{s}^{ - 1} = 10^{ - 3.71}( 1 -\alpha)^{0.97} (T=313.15 K). The determined values of the activation energy E and pre-exponential factor A for the dissolution process are 5.01 kJ⋅mol⁻¹ and 10^−2.87 s⁻¹, respectively.     

Thermodynamics of the Dissolution of Nitrilotrimethylphosphonic Acid in Water

Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A - The enthalpies of dissolution of crystalline nitrilotrimethylphosphonic acid С3Н12NO9Р3 (NTPA) in water at 298.15 K are determined...     

Hydration of Strontium Chloride and Rare-Earth Element Oxychlorides

Hydration and dehydration (on calcination) of SrCl₂, YOCl, and HoOCl powders were studied.     

25 oC下Na2CO3/Na2SO4/NaCl混合盐的溶解动力学研究

研究了25℃时,搅拌速度,加样量及氯化钠的量等不同实验条件下,Na2CO3, Na2SO4, NaCl混合盐的溶解过程,对不同时刻液相的化学组成进行分析并鉴定其平衡时的固相,结果表明：混合盐溶解前期搅拌速度占主导因素,当溶液中三种盐达到一定浓度后,同离子效应占主导因素,随着加样量的增加,碳酸钠和硫酸钠浓度达到一定程度之后反应生成碳钠矾。结合动力学模型计算得到体系中NaCl的溶解动力学方程,得出在25℃条件下溶解符合Stumm模型,溶解过程属于扩散过程控制,同时还伴随着界面反应和化学反应。