负载Fe3（CO）12催化剂的制备及合成氨的催化活性

以Ｆｅ_３（ＣＯ）_（１２）为母体，以活性氧化铝或活性炭为载体制备了负载型氨合成催化剂．在固定床管式流动反应系统中测定了催化活性，并与以Ｒｕ_３（ＣＯ）_（１２）和ＲｕＣｌ_３·ｘＨ_２Ｏ为母体的负载催化剂以及低温高活性氨合成工业催化剂的活性进行了对比。结果表明：以活性炭为载体的Ｆｅ_３（ＣＯ）_（１２）催化剂在１５ＭＰａ、４００℃以上表现出很高活性，且每克纯活性组分的催化活性在某些温度下比当前活性较高的工业熔铁催化剂的活性要高得多，但低温常压下几乎无活性。负载钉催化剂在低温常压下即显活性，且以ＲｕＣｌ_３·ｘＨ_２Ｏ为母体，比以Ｒｕ_３（ＣＯ）_（１２）为母体的负载钌催化剂活性高。     

5A分子筛负载纳米镍铈粒子在气相苯加氢反应中的催化活性

将纳米镍铈粒子负载到５Ａ分子筛上制成负载型催化剂，用气相苯加氢反应考察其催化活性，并通过ＳＥＭ和ＸＲＤ技术检测反应前后催化剂上纳米金属粒子的分散及晶相变化情况。与非负载型纳米镍铈粒子催化剂进行比较，结果显示二者的催化活性与纳米镍铈粒子的储氢特性及表面层中铈镍合金的存在有关。     

Pt／Al_2O_3，Pd／Al_2O_3催化剂上CO氧化与表面氧脱出－恢复性能

Ｐｔ／Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３，Ｐｄ／Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３催化剂上ＣＯ氧化与表面氧脱出－恢复性能周仁贤，郑小明（杭州大学催化研究所，杭州３１００２８）关键词铂，钯，氧化铝，氧化锆，负载型催化剂，一氧化碳，氧化，氧脱附ＡＩ。Ｏ。负载的贵金属（Ｐｔ，Ｐｄ或Ｒｈ等）催化剂对有...     

负载型二亚胺镍催化剂制备支化聚乙烯的结构与性能

负载型二亚胺镍催化剂制备支化聚乙烯的结构与性能;二亚胺镍配合物; 负载催化剂; 支化聚乙烯     

纳米碳管负载金属镍催化叶绿素加氯反应

用等体积浸渍法制备了纳米碳管负载金属镍催化剂，采用电镜（TEM）、红外光谱（IR）对催化剂的形貌、结构进行了表征，并考察了常温常压下不同Ni负载量的催化剂对叶绿素加氢反应的性能。结果表明，纳米碳管负载镍催化剂在催化反应过程中保持高分散态，不会发生团聚，而经过硝酸氧化后的纳米碳管负载镍催化剂在催化反应中表现出高的活性，当Ni负载量为7％时，催化活性最好，叶绿素分子开环生成各种小分子。     

负载型纳米镍铈催化剂的表征及其选择性催化加氢活性(英文)

采用氢电弧等离子体法制备了具有储氢性能的镍铈纳米颗粒,通过扫描电镜、透射电镜、X光电子能谱、X射线粉末衍射、程序升温还原等手段对比表征了氧化铝负载的纳米镍铈催化剂和工业用负载镍催化剂,并以裂解汽油一段加氢反应为模型反应研究了它们的催化性能.研究结果表明,纳米镍铈催化剂的催化活性和储氢性能与催化剂表面的镍铈合金有关,负载性纳米镍铈催化剂的优良选择性与其特殊的制备方法有关.     

纳米碳管负载金属镍催化叶绿素加氢反应

用等体积浸渍法制备了纳米碳管负载金属镍催化剂，采用电镜(TEM）、红外光谱（IR）对催化剂的形貌、结构进行了表征.并考察了常温常压下不同Ni负载量的催化剂对叶绿素加氢反应的性能.结果表明，纳米碳管负载镍催化剂在催化反应过程中保持高分散态，不会发生团聚.而经过硝酸氧化后的纳米碳管负载镍催化剂在催化反应中表现出高的活性.当Ni负载量为7％时，催化活性最好，叶绿素分子开环生成各种小分子.     

天然气和二氧化碳转化制合成气的研究Ⅵ Ni／Al_2O_3催化剂再生的疏活机理

采用γ－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３为载体，以硝酸镍、硝酸镁和稀土硝酸盐为原料，按常规浸渍法制备镍负载型催化剂，其中Ｎｉ含量为９．１７％，助剂ＲＥ_２Ｏ_３和Ｍｇ含量分别为５．１８％和１．８０％，该催化剂简称为Ｎ－５－ＲＭ。催化反应评价采用双套管石英反应器，在多功能固定床流动反应装置上进行，以天然气和二氧化碳转化为探针反应，采用连续反应法评价催化剂性能。以反应尾气中合成气摩尔百分数表征催化剂活性。采用理光Ｄ／ｍａｘ－ｒ－Ｂ型Ｘ射线衍射仪测定催化剂晶相。实验发现，催化剂长期使用失活的主要原因是由于活性中心Ｎｉ￣０与载体Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３间形成难还原的ＮｉＡｌ_２Ｏ_４物种，以及活性中心Ｎｉ￣０聚集形成晶相，从而降低了催化剂表面活性中心数。ＴＰＲ结果指出，ＮｉＡｌ_２Ｏ_４物种在高温下通氢气可以得到充分还原。然而，此时催化剂活性仍明显低于新鲜催化剂活性。ＸＲＤ结果表明，此时催化剂存在很强的Ｎｉ￣０衍射峰，说明尽管高温还原已使形成ＮｉＡｌ_２Ｏ_４的Ｎｉ￣（２＋）还原为Ｎｉ￣０，但高温还原又进一步使活性Ｎｉ￣０聚集成晶相，因而降低了催化剂表面活性中心数。这说明，对ＮｉＡｌ_２Ｏ_４的活化仅通过常规高温还原是不够的。２０％过氧化氢水溶液（以下简称     

程序升温脱附法研究超细Mo/Al2O3催化剂

程序升温脱附法研究超细Ｍｏ／Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３催化剂张智敏，郝建刚，李耀龙（山西大学化学系，太原０３０００６）关键词超细粒子，氧化钼，氧化铝，负载型催化剂，程序升温脱附在催化领域中，对以ｙ－ＡＩ。Ｏ。为载体的Ｃｏ，Ｍｏ，Ｎｉ，Ｆｅ，Ｐｄ和Ａｇ等负载型催化剂...     

高硫合成气制甲硫醇K2MoS4／SiO2催化剂

高硫合成气制甲硫醇Ｋ_２ＭｏＳ_４／ＳｉＯ_２催化剂杨意泉，车长针，袁友珠，方钦和，林国栋，张鸿斌（厦门大学化学系，厦门大学物理化学研究所，厦门３６１００５）关键词负载型Ｋ_２ＭｏＳ_４／ＳｉＯ_２催化剂，甲硫醇，Ｈ_２Ｓ１．前言甲硫醇是合成蛋氨酸的重要原...     

Fast pyrolysis of waste pepper stem over waste FCC catalyst

Fast pyrolysis of waste pepper stem was investigated using waste FCC catalyst and HY zeolite with a SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratio of 5.1. The pyrolysis oil obtained from the pyrolysis at 500 °C was analyzed using GC/MS. Oxygenates were converted, in particular when the catalyst dose was high, to furans and aromatics. The contents of low-molecular-mass phenolics and aromatics increased with increasing quantity of acid sites deployed. On the other hand, the content of high-molecular-mass phenolics was increased by catalysis with the biomass:catalyst ratio of 1:1, whereas it was decreased by catalysis with the biomass:catalyst ratio of 1:10. This was explained by the pathway of lignin-to-aromatics conversion: lignin → high-molecular-mass phenolics → low-molecular-mass phenolics → aromatics. Activated waste FCC catalyst showed a little weaker catalytic activity for the conversion of low-molecular-mass phenolics to aromatics than HY, leading to a higher phenolics content and a lower aromatics content. The results of this study indicate that the catalytic pyrolysis of lignin-rich biomass over waste FCC catalyst can be a promising way of recycling waste FCC catalyst for the production of high-value-added chemicals, such as furans, phenolics and aromatics.     

废弃SCR催化剂的循环再利用及表征分析研究

针对废弃SCR脱硝催化剂常规再利用处理后存在SO_2氧化率高的问题,提出了一种新型的废弃催化剂再利用新工艺,包括酸洗、还原酸浸和活性组分负载等步骤,以有效控制再利用催化剂的SO_2氧化率。实验考察了经不同步骤处理后所得催化剂的组分、脱硝效率和SO_2氧化率的变化情况,并对催化剂进行了深入的分析表征。结果表明,新鲜催化剂、废弃催化剂、常规再利用催化剂、新型再利用催化剂的脱硝效率和SO_2氧化率分别为99.0%和0.43%、77.0%和0.46%、94.2%和0.80%、99.3%和0.48%,采用本方法获得的再利用催化剂不仅脱硝效率完全恢复,而且SO_2氧化率得到了很好的控制。通过对催化剂的分析表征发现,采用常规再利用技术不能有效清除废弃催化剂表面的高聚态钒物种,而本方法则可以有效清理这类高聚态钒物种,并以高度分散的钒物种进行替代,从而有效控制再利用催化剂的SO_2氧化率。     

以催化裂化废催化剂为原料合成NaY分子筛的研究

针对催化裂化(FCC)废催化剂的回收利用问题,提出了一种废催化剂再利用的方法,即以FCC废催化剂为铝源,合成时只补充部分硅源,采用自制的高效NaY沸石导向剂,水热合成NaY分子筛。同时,以普通的化工原料合成了对比试样Y型分子筛。讨论了不同的FCC废催化剂预处理方式对合成产物性能的影响,发现以经过碱熔活化处理的废催化剂为原料合成的Y分子筛拥有更高的结晶度和纯度。采用X射线衍射、热分析、程序升温脱附法(NH3-TPD)和N₂静态容量吸附法对结晶产物和对比样品的晶体结构,热稳定性、酸性质、比表面积以及孔分布进行了表征。结果显示,以FCC废催化剂为原料完全可以合成出与普通原料性能接近的NaY分子筛。其BET比表面积可以达到615 m²·g^-1,孔体积可达0.38 cm³·g^-1,孔径集中在0.51 nm左右。     

The application of Py-GC/MS for the catalytic upgrading of oil separated from summer food waste leachate

The catalytic cracking of oil fractions separated from summer food waste leachate was investigated over BEA zeolite and Al-SBA-15 catalysts. In this study, a mixture of food waste oil fractions and catalyst was directly introduced to pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), with the resulting vapor phase products being simultaneously analyzed. Various acid compounds, including oleic acid, produced by the non-catalytic pyrolysis of food waste leachate were reformed into valuable compounds, such as oxygenates, hydrocarbons, and aromatics. The BEA zeolite catalyst showed higher selectivity for hydrocarbon compounds, especially aromatics, within the gasoline range due to its superior cracking ability originating from its highly acidic sites. Conversely, the cracking performance of the Al-SBA-15 catalyst, possessing mild acidic sites, was lower than that of the BEA zeolite. Increasing the amount of Al-SBA-15 catalyst enhanced the cracking activity and resulted in higher selectivity for hydrocarbons.     

A Simple,Selective, and General Catalyst for Ring Closing Depolymerization of Polyesters and Polycarbonates for Chemical Recycling

The ability to efficiently and selectively process mixed polymer waste is important to address the growing plastic waste problem. Herein, we report that the combination of ZnCl₂ and an additive amount of poly(ethylene glycol) under vacuum can readily and selectively depolymerize polyesters and polycarbonates with high ceiling temperatures (T_c>200 °C) back to their constitute monomers. Mechanistic experiments implicate a random chain scission mechanism and a catalyst structure containing one equivalent of ZnCl₂ per ethylene glycol repeat unit in the poly(ethylene glycol). In addition to being general for a wide variety of polyesters and polycarbonates, the catalyst system could selectively depolymerize a polyester in the presence of other commodity plastics, demonstrating how reactive distillation using the ZnCl₂/PEG600 catalyst system can be used to separate mixed plastic waste.     

白云石和灰石灰对废轮胎热解产物的影响

据估计 ,美国每年有大约 2亿 5千万条废轮胎[1] ,中国约有 1亿条 ,香港约有 10 0万条。如何处理这样大量的废轮胎引起了一系列的环境与经济问题。目前 ,世界各国较常用的废轮胎处理方式可分为堆置和填埋、资源回收后的原型利用及粉碎再利用、作为能源利用的燃烧、热解及气化等。国内外虽然对废轮胎热解技术进行了一些研究[2～ 5] ,但以产气为目的的研究尚未被成功应用。废轮胎具有高挥发组份与低灰份等优点 ,产生的气体燃料可以贮存、运输又可方便地应用于锅炉或其它各种形式的燃烧器 ,而无需对现有设备进行改装。所以废轮胎气化技术是有效…     

固体碱催化剂K_2CO_3/Al_2O_3的制备及其催化餐饮废油制生物柴油的性能

采用浸渍法制备了K2CO3/Al2O3固体碱催化剂,考察了活性组分负载量、焙烧温度、焙烧时间等制备条件对催化剂在催化餐饮废油合成生物柴油的酯交换反应中催化活性的影响,并对其进行了FT-IR、XRD、TG-DTG、SEM和BET表征分析。实验结果表明,所制备的催化剂在催化餐饮废油合成生物柴油的酯交换反应中表现出良好的活性,在活性组分K2CO3负载量为50%、焙烧温度500℃、焙烧时间3 h的条件下制备的催化剂催化酯交换反应时,生物柴油产率可达86.70%。催化剂表征结果显示,K2CO3/Al2O3催化活性是因K2CO3与Al2O3经高温焙烧产生新的晶相有关。催化剂重复使用4次,生物柴油产率仍在75%以上。制得的生物柴油产品质量达到国家生物柴油B100标准。     

磺化苯膦酸锆催化反应研究

本文首次对碘化苯膦酸锆催化酯化、缩醛、缩酮、醚化、醇脱水成烯等典型有机反应进行了较系统的研究。反应收率均在90％以上。使用该催化剂,操作方便,后处理简单,无废酸液排放,催化剂可重复使用和再生,是一种很有发展前途的新型固体酸催化剂。     

Coprocessing of Waste Plastic and Hydrocarbons over MFI (HZSM‐5)

The thermal and catalytic degradation of high‐ and low‐density polyethylene (HDPE and LDPE, respectively) and waste plastic film (polyethylene‐based plastic wastes) were analyzed through simultaneous thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry in inert atmosphere. Catalytic degradation was performed using MFI (HZSM‐5) zeolites. Although the catalyst induces a large decrease of the degradation temperature for polyethylene, it has a smaller effect on the waste plastic (WP) degradation temperature. To check the activity of the catalyst after its use in the WP degradation, experiments were conducted with fresh HDPE which confirmed a significant loss of catalytic activity. Mixtures of WP with large paraffin were also analyzed (nC₅₀). The results show that the presence of the hydrocarbon in the mixture grants some protection to the catalyst, allowing it to retain part of its activity during the process even in the presence of the waste contaminants. These findings suggest that larger hydrocarbon: waste plastic ratios promote higher protection to deactivation and that WP coprocessing with oil is feasible. Gas chromatography was used to analyze the products formed in the catalytic degradation of the WP in the presence C₅₀ hydrocarbon at a ratio of 1:12, consisting mostly of light products in the range of C₂ to C₈ hydrocarbons.     

Transesterification of Soybean Oil Catalyzed by Calcium Hydroxide which Obtained from Hydrolysis Reaction of Calcium Carbide

Calcium carbide residue (CCR) was investigated in transesterification reaction of triglycerides to determine its viability as a solid catalyst for biodiesel synthesis. Literature survey showed that CCR has never been studied as a solid catalyst in the transesterification of triglyceride. The scope of the study includes the effects of CCR calcination temperature, calcination time, the alcohol/oil molar ratio, the catalyst amount (wt % of oil) and the reaction time. The relationship between chemical composition and catalytic activity of waste cement was also investigated. These CCR catalysts, thermally activated at 600 °C, can give rise to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) purity higher than 99.5%, after 3 h of reaction, when oil/methanol molar ratio of 1/12 and 1 wt % of the catalyst were employed. Application of CCR as catalyst for biodiesel production in this study may not only provide a cost‐effective and environment friendly way of recycling CCR waste but also reduce hopefully the cost of biodiesel production.