La0.8Sr0.2MnO3/YSZ电极氧电化学还原反应动力学

用线性极化、循环伏安、电位阶跃等方法详细研究了Ｌａ０．８Ｓｒ０．２ＭｎＯ３／ＹＳＺ高温电极上进行的氧化学还原反应。实验结果表明，该反应存在两条路径：低温下氧还原反应主要发生在气相－ＬＳＭ电极－ＹＳＺ电解质接触的三相界面（ＴＰＢ），速度控制步骤为氧原子在ＬＳＭ表面的浓差扩散，高温下由于氧空位在ＬＳＭ表面的形成，氧还原反应区扩展至ＬＳＭ电极表面，速度控制步骤为氧的电荷转移反应，实验同时发现：氧空位的形     

银电极在Na2SO4溶液中氧化还原过程的原位拉曼光谱研究

采用原位拉曼光谱结合循环伏安法研究银电极在０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的Ｎａ２ＳＯ４溶液中不同电位下的氧化还原过程，在电位扫描过程中，实时记录的拉曼光谱表明，电极表面在０．２Ｖ开始生成吸附原子氧物种，当电位正于０．４Ｖ，部分吸附的原子氧扩散进入电极的亚表面区，而另一些则通过强的化学吸附与银表面成键；同时部分银氧化为＋１价，各谱带的产生和消失与氧化还原电流峰有很好的对应关系，表明电化学原位拉曼光谱能在分子水平上     

锆系Laves相储氢合金电极的性能研究

Ｚｒ（Ｖ０．２Ｍｎ０．２Ｍｏ０．０６Ｎｉ０．５４）２．４合金经ＨＦ溶液处理后，合金表面由富Ｚｒ和富Ｍｎ层转变成富Ｎｉ层，从而使电极初期活化周期明显缩短，电极表面氢吸附性能改善。表面反应电阻减小。本文探讨了上述电极表面反应机理，即表面Ｎｉ的催化、氢吸附和氢转移机理，对阻抗谱进行拟合，给出了相应的电极反应等效电路。     

用表面增强拉曼光谱研究BMAT对不锈钢的缓蚀机理

应用表面增强拉曼散射光谱（ＳＥＲＳ）技术，研究０．５％ＨＣｌ体系中缓蚀剂在１８－８不锈钢表面的吸附。谱图是在不锈钢表面电沉积不连续Ａｇ颗粒条件下测得的。缓蚀剂ＢＭＡＴ通过电极表面与缓蚀剂中的Ｎ原子，以及苯并咪唑环的共轭大π键形成化学吸附，ＢＭＡＴ斜卧于电极表面。其烯丙基起到空间的阻碍的作用。     

酞菁锰-表面活性剂薄膜电极的电化学表征及其对三氯乙酸的电化学催化作用的研究

将酞菁锰（ＭｎＰｃ）掺入阳离子表面活性剂双十二烷基二甲基溴化铵（ＤＤＡＢ）的氯仿溶液，并涂布于热解石墨电极表面，待氯仿挥发后即制得ＭｎＰｃ－ＤＤＡＢ薄膜电极。循环伏安实验表明，在ＫＢｒ溶液中，该薄膜电极有两对还原氧化峰，第一对峰的Ｅｐｃ１＝－０．２７Ｖ，Ｅｐａ１＝０．０１Ｖ；第二对峰的Ｅｐｃ２＝－０．７６Ｖ，Ｅｐａ２＝－０．６２Ｖ（ｖｓ．ＳＣＥ）。本文着重探讨了第二对峰的电化学行为，估计了该体系的电荷传递扩散系数Ｄｃｔ和表观非均相电极反应速率常数Ｋ０′等电化学参数，并可将该薄膜电极用于催化三氯乙酸的电化学还原。     

非均相电解Mn^2＋的电极过程动力学研究

选择Ｐｂ－Ｓｂ－Ａｓ合金为研究电极，通过阳极极化曲线确定了非均相电解氧化Ｍｎ６２＋电极过程机理，即为在阳极上存在液相和固相两个反应；并确定了４０％Ｈ２ＳＯ４介质中Ｍｎ／Ｍｎ体系的条件电极电势为０．８８６Ｖ。采用旋转圆盘电极研究得到在非均相电解ＭｎＳＯ４过程中电极过程控制步骤为电荷传递－浓度极化混合控制步骤，并确定了电极反应的动力学参数。     

分子筛表面酸性与液相合成乙酸丁酯催化活性的关联

本文用Ｈｓｍｍｅｔｔ指示剂正丁胺滴定法测定ＨＺＳＭ－５分子筛表面酸量按强度的分布并与液相合成乙酸丁酯的催化活性相关联，探明了分子筛催化剂中酸强度为－５．６＜Ｈ０≤－３．０和－３．０＜Ｈ０≤＋３．３范围的酸中心对催化反应的贡献分别为４８％和３３％。将表面酸量按其对反应的贡献折算成有效酸浓度以后，反应的有效酸浓度和反应速度常数之间符合均相酸催化反应的规律，对以ＨＺＳＭ－５分子筛为催化剂在１２０℃下液相     

LaCaMnO3催化剂活性相的结构和形成机理的研究

利用ＴＧ，ＤＴＡ，ＸＲＤ和ＸＰＳ方法研究了Ｌａ０．２Ｃａ０．８ＭｎＯ３催化剂的结构和形成机理。样品用Ｌａ，Ｃａ，Ｍｎ混合硝酸盐制备。随着焙烧温度的升高发生的一系列的固相反应，发现氨氧化催化剂催化活性与生成的ＣａＭｎＯ３含量成正比。在９００℃制备的含有ＣａＭｎＯ３，Ｌａ０．５７５Ｃａ０．４２５ＭｎＯ３，Ｍｎ２Ｏ３和Ｌａ２Ｏ３的混合物是氨氧化最佳催化剂，活性相是ＣａＭｎＯ３，并具有大量的氧空穴。     

Nafion－甲基紫精修饰电极测定超氧化物歧化酶的活性研究

本文利用Ｎａｆｉｏｎ－甲基紫精（ＭＶ）修饰电极对溶氧的电催化还原反应间接测定超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性。用本方法测定ＳＯＤ活性，灵敏度高，抗干扰能力强，线性范围宽，而且操作快速、简便。     

铜、锰氧化物的表面过剩氧及其甲苯催化燃烧活性

研究了负载型Ｃｕ－Ｍｎ－Ｏ催化剂对烃类深度氧化的活性，并将ＸＲＤ分析、电子探针考察和表面过剩氧浓度的分布测定等结果与催化剂活性进行了关联．以甲苯催化燃烧为模型反应，除用常规的微反考察其动力学性质外，还用脉冲反应技术研究了表面过剩氧的氧化功能和甲苯的吸附等．Ｍｎ／Ｃｕ原子比为０．８８～０．９时，催化剂活性最好．这是由ＣｕＯ和ＣｕＭｎ２Ｏ４的功能匹配决定的，后者提供与催化作用有关的表面过剩氧，前者促进甲苯的吸附．对催化剂的作用机理也进行了初步的探讨．     

锰酸镧和氧化钇稳定的氧化锆复合阴极的研究

用交流阻抗,强极化和电导测量等方法考察了一系列不同氧化钇稳定氧化锆(YSZ)含量的锶掺杂锰酸镧(LSM)复合阴极的电化学性能,发现随着掺入YSZ量的增大,阴极性能大幅度提高,当YSZ质量分数为40%时,电极性能最好,电化学极化电阻约为1.18Ω/cm².通过分析发现,YSZ的掺杂使电极反应过程的控制步骤发生了变化.同时发现,随着YSZ含量的增加,电极的接触电阻增大.以Pt为电流收集层和40%的YSZ+LSM的复合电极形成的二层电极可有效地消除接触电阻,进一步提高了复合电极的性能.在1223K极化电阻从1.18Ω/cm²下降到0.41Ω/cm².     

Electrocatalytic properties of La0.9Sr0.1MnO3-based electrodes for oxygen reduction

Electrochemical reduction of oxygen at the interface between a La_0.9Sr_0.1MnO₃ (LSM)-based electrode and an electrolyte, either yttria-stabilized-zirconia (YSZ) or La_0.8Sr_0.2Ga_0.9Mg_0.1O₃ (LSGM), has been investigated using DC polarization, impedance spectroscopy, and potential step methods at temperatures from 1053 to 1173 K. Results show that the mechanism of oxygen reduction at an LSM/electrolyte interface changes with the type of electrolyte. At an LSM/YSZ interface, the apparent cathodic charge transfer coefficient is about 1 at high temperatures, implying that the rate-determining step (r.d.s.) is the diffusion of partially reduced oxygen species, while at an LSM/LSGM interface the cathodic charge transfer coefficient is about 0.5, implying that the r.d.s. is the donation of electrons to atomic oxygen. The relaxation behavior of the LSM/electrolyte interfaces displays an even more dramatic dependence on the type of electrolyte. Under cathodic polarization, the current passing through an LSM/YSZ interface increases with time whereas that through an LSM/LSGM interface decreases with time, further confirming that it is the triple phase boundaries (TPBs), rather than the surface of the LSM or the LSM/gas interface, that dominate the electrode kinetics when LSM is used as an electrode. Electronic Publication     

薄膜型中温固体氧化物燃料电池 (SOFC)研制及性能考察

用一种廉价的湿化学方法 ,在Ni_YSZ阳极基膜上制备出致密的YttriaStabilizedZirconia(YSZ)薄膜 .薄膜的厚度约为 10 μm ,致密均匀 ,无裂纹等缺陷 .以Ni_YSZ阳极基膜 ,YSZ薄膜和锶掺杂锰酸镧阴极 (LSM )组装的SOFC单电池 ,在 80 0℃下功率密度达 0 1W /cm2 .研究分析表明 ,YSZ薄膜的IR降 (包括电极 /YSZ薄膜的接触电阻 )较小 ,不是影响电池性能的主要因素 ,大的阳极过电位是影响电池性能的主要因素 .     

A new strategy for simultaneous determination of cysteamine in the presence of high concentration of tryptophan using vinylferrocene-modified multiwall carbon nanotubes paste electrode

The electro-oxidation of cysteamine (CA) and tryptophan (TP) were studied by vinylferrocene-modified carbon nanotubes paste electrode using cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and square wave voltammetry. This modified electrode exhibits persistent electron-mediating behavior followed by well-separated oxidation peaks towards CA and TP with decreasing their overpotentials. For the mixture containing CA and TP, the peaks potential well separated from each other. Using the modified electrode, the kinetics of CA electrooxidation was considerably enhanced by lowering the anodic overpotential through a catalytic fashion. Using square wave voltammetry, simultaneous determination of AC and TP has been explored at the modified electrode. Their square wave voltammetrics peaks current increased linearly with their concentration at the ranges of 0.09–500 and 5.0–1,000?μM, respectively with the detection limits of 0.05 and 1.0?μM, respectively. The modified electrode was successfully used for the determination of the analytes in real samples with satisfactory results.     

锰酸镧双层复合电极的制备和性能的研究

固体氧化物燃料电池（ Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, SOFC）是一种很有希望的新型能源转换系统 .它具有能量转换效率高、可利用燃料范围广、低排放等普通热机所无法比拟的优点,已倍受人们的关注 .　　锶掺杂的锰酸镧（ La1－ xSrxMnO3, LSM）由于具有高的电子导电性和对氧还原的良好的电催化活性,以及它和钇稳定的氧化锆（ YSZ）都有良好的热稳定性和化学稳定性,因此是目前广泛使用的阴极材料 .以 YSZ为固体电解质的固体氧化物燃料电池的一个主要缺点是操作温度太高（约为 1273 K）,如果把电池的操作温度降低到 873－ 1073 K,则…     

温度对贮氢合金MINi~3~.~7~5Co~0~.~6~5Mn~0~.~4Al~0~.~2动力学性能的影响

在-20℃～85℃的范围内系统地研究了温度对贮氢合金MINi~3~.~7~5Co~0~.~6~5Mn~0~.~4Al~0~.~2动力学性能的影响。结果表明：该贮氢合金电极的电化学反应电阻R~t,欧姆内阻R~0,阴极极化过电位,阳极极化过电位,阳极极化过程中的电化学反应过电位η~a和浓差极化过电位η~c均随温度的升高而减小,该电极的交换电流密度i~0,对称因子β和电极中氢的扩散系数D随温度的升高而增大。当放电电流密度较低时,电化学反应是整个电极过程的速度控制步骤;当放电电流密度较高时,氢的扩散是整个电极过程的速度控制步骤;在中等放电电流密度下,电极过程由电化学过程和氢的扩散过程混合控制。该电极中电化学反应过程和氢扩散过程的活化能分别为28.1kJ.mol^-^1和19.9kJ.mol^-^1。     

The oxygen evolution reaction on cobalt: Part II. Transient measurements

Open-circuit overpotential decays on an aged cobalt electrode in the oxygen evolution range in 6 M KOH show different slopes for two overpotential regions. These slopes are lower than the Tafel slope in the same region: Tafel slopes of ～100 and ～40 mV/dec, at high and low overpotentials, respectively. compared to decay slopes of ～?60 and ～?20 to ?30 mV/dec. For a fresh cobalt electrode a decay slope of ～?40 mV/dec is found at high overpotentials. From impedance measurements during a decay it is concluded that the electrode capacitance cannot account for the decay curves obsered. By means of steady-state potentiostatic impedance measurements (with stabilization times > 24 h) it is found that the differential Tafel slope remains constant at ～40–50 mV/dec and differs considerably from the Tafel slope at high overpotentials, ～100 mV/dec. Galvanostatic pulse experiments give evidence of the presence of CoO₂ in the oxide layer.Two models which may explain the observed experimental results are analysed. Both include a potential-dependent (extra) process which is fixed by the amount of CoO₂ at the surface. In one model, CoO₂ is responsible for partial surface blockage (parallel process); in the other model, CoO₂ controls the conductivity of the top layer of the oxide layer on the electrode.     

Platinum/Carbon nanotube nanocomposite synthesized in supercritical fluid as electrocatalysts for low-temperature fuel cells

Carbon nanotube (CNT)-supported Pt nanoparticle catalysts have been synthesized in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO(2)) using platinum(II) acetylacetonate as metal precursor. The structure of the catalysts has been characterized with transmission electron micrograph (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). TEM images show that the platinum particles' size is in the range of 5-10 nm. XPS analysis indicates the presence of zero-valence platinum. The Pt-CNT exhibited high catalytic activity both for methanol oxidation and oxygen reduction reaction. The higher catalytic activity has been attributed to the large surface area of carbon nanotubes and the decrease in the overpotential for methanol oxidation and oxygen reduction reaction. Cyclic voltammetric measurements at different scan rates showed that the oxygen reduction reaction at the Pt-CNT electrode is a diffusion-controlled process. Analysis of the electrode kinetics using Tafel plot suggests that Pt-CNT from scCO(2) provides a strong electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction. For the methanol oxidation reaction, a high ratio of forward anodic peak current to reverse anodic peak current was observed at room temperature, which implies good oxidation of methanol to carbon dioxide on the Pt-CNT electrode. This work demonstrates that Pt-CNT nanocomposites synthesized in supercritical carbon dioxide are effective electrocatalysts for low-temperature fuel cells.     

导电聚苯胺／MnO2空气阴极氧还原动力学

采用动电位扫描、交流阻抗技术研究了导电聚苯胺/MnO2复合阴极上氧还原反应动力学.动电位扫描表明氧在该复合阴极上还原的极化曲线服从Butler-Volmer公式,表观标准活化能为184.9 kJ/mol,反应为电化学步骤控制;交流阻抗谱观察到氧阴极还原由3个明显的线圈组成,表明氧阴极还原分3步进行,第1个圆弧随过电位的增大而显著减小,表明第1步电荷转移过程的确为氧还原反应的速率控制步骤;导电聚苯胺的高比表面积与MnO2的多微毛细管结构使氧在该复合电极上还原变得容易.