核酸侵入反应偶联纳米金探针杂交显色技术可视化检测乙醛脱氢酶2基因多态性位点

传统的乙醛脱氢酶2(Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2,ALDH2)基因多态性位点(rs671)分型手段包括电泳、测序和荧光探针法,但在实际应用中存在步骤繁琐或检测成本高等问题.本研究基于聚合酶链式反应(Polymerase chain reaction,PCR),将核酸侵入反应和纳米金探针(Gold n...     

用于无创产前诊断的SRY基因高灵敏高特异检测方法研究

通过检测母体外周血中胎儿游离DNA(cffDNA)的SRY基因,确定胎儿性别,可评估胎儿性连锁遗传病的发病风险,降低病儿出生率.本研究建立了高灵敏、高特异、闭管检测不易污染的实时荧光PCR偶联核酸侵入反应方法用于SRY基因的检测.通过优化反应体系中的检测探针浓度、FEN1酶用量、Taq酶用量及预扩增退火温度,确定了最佳的反应条件,即检测探针浓度为250 nmol/L、FEN1酶用量为7.5 U、Taq酶用量为0.5 U、预扩增退火温度为67℃.在最佳反应条件下,实现对含量低至4%(4 copies/μL)的模拟样本的检测,并成功检测两例孕期分别为9周和10周的临床实际样本.结果表明,所建立的方法可用于母体外周血cffDNA的SRY基因检测,为临床开展基于SRY基因的无创产前诊断提供了新方法.     

聚合酶键式反应生物芯片/微装置的实时定量荧光检测

以微电子机械系统技术而发展起来的聚合酶链式反应(Polymerase Chain Re-action,PCR)生物芯片/微装置,由于具有所需样品和反应混合物体积少,反应速度快以及集成化程度高等优点而日益引起人们的重视。实时定量PCR是利用能特异标记PCR产物的荧光染料来动态显示PCR产物的累积,从而得到PCR扩增曲线的技术。本文介绍了实时定量检测技术及其在PCR生物芯片/微装置中的应用。     

Quantitative Detection of Gene Methylated Level of Stool Samples Based on Invader Assay Coupled with Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction and Its Application in Non-invasive Screening of Colorectal Cancer

Methylation of bone morphogenetic protein 3 (BMP3) in stool DNA is an effective biomarker for non-invasive screening of colorectal cancer. However, a highly sensitive and specific detection method is required. Here, a quantification method for BMP3 methylation was developed by combining real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with invader assay using Beta-actin (ACTB) as a reference. Amplification efficiencies of BMP3 and ACTB were close to 100% after optimizing the concentration of detection probes, FEN1 enzyme and Taq polymerase, and the relative quantification of BMP3 methylation was achieved accurately by ΔCT algorithms. Ten copies and 0.01% of BMP3 methylation level could be successfully detected and non-specific signal was generated from non-methylated template, indicating that the method was highly sensitive and specific. The method was successfully applied to detect BMP3 methylation in fecal DNA from 16 colorectal cancer patients, 7 adenoma patients and 19 healthy volunteers. The results indicated that BMP3 methylation occurred in 5 of 16 cancer patients and 2 of 7 adenoma patients, but was not observed in 19 of healthy volunteers. Therefore, this method could be used to quantify methylation of gene in stool samples, providing an effective technique for non-invasive screening of colorectal cancer.     

微流控芯片电泳-多重聚合酶链反应法同时测定多个单碱基多态性位点

以微流控芯片电泳为检测平台,建立了多重PCR扩增法同时测定多个单碱基多态性(SNP)位点的方法。先通过PCR扩增得一段含所有待测SNP位点的长片段;用限制性内切酶消化成短片段,再将酶切反应产物与脱氧核糖核酸适配器(DNAadapter)相连;以连接产物为模板,分成两管,分别用n条等位基因特异性引物和一条通用引物进行n重PCR扩增;最后用微流控芯片电泳法分离PCR扩增产物,根据两管扩增产物的芯片电泳图谱中扩增片段的大小判断SNP的类型。以细胞色素P4502D6(CYP2D6)基因中的5个SNP位点(100C>T、1661G>C、1758G>T、2470T>C和2850C>T)为检测对象,考察了各等位基因特异性引物之间的相互影响和扩增反应的特异性,采用微流控芯片电泳法成功测定了20名健康中国人的CYP2D6基因中5个SNP位点的基因多态性,与聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性法(PCR-RFLP)测定结果完全一致。     

五引物单管聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增法快速测定人CYP2D6*10等位基因的类型

以人CYP2D6*10等位基因位点为研究对象,建立了一种由5条引物同时PCR扩增在单管中进行等位基因快速检测的新方法。该方法在等位基因特异性扩增法的基础上,在内引物3′端引入了一个人工错配碱基并在5′端附加一段“尾巴”作为引物的锚定部分,使扩增反应的特异性得到了提高。本实验所建立的方法可在单管中同时完成SNP3种可能等位基因类型的快速检测。实测了47份样品的CYP2D6*10等位基因的类型,并随机对其中20份样品的测定结果用RFLP法进行了验证,结果完全一致。结果表明本法简便、快速,结果准确。     

基于纳米金比色检测NOS1AP基因单碱基突变

基于单、双链DNA与纳米金颗粒间的不同静电作用, 建立了一种基于颜色反应检测NOS1AP基因单碱基突变的方法. 根据NOS1AP基因的单碱基多态位点设计检测探针、互补靶序列及带有单碱基突变序列寡核苷酸DNA. 室温下, 检测探针分别与互补序列、单碱基突变序列在缓冲液中进行杂交, 再分别加入纳米金溶液以及NaCl溶液. 用肉眼可以观察到纳米金溶液在两种不同杂交溶液中产生明显不同的颜色变化. 这种变化可通过紫外-可见分光光度计测定纳米金溶液的紫外吸收峰值的变化来证实. 实验结果表明, 纳米金溶液在一定浓度NaCl存在的条件下, 对互补双链NOS1AP DNA及单碱基突变NOS1AP DNA呈现出不同的颜色反应及紫外吸收光谱的改变. 此方法可望用于相关疾病的医学诊断及单碱基突变的检测.     

全血改进线性指数聚合酶链式反应用于焦磷酸测序检测基因多态性

焦磷酸测序是目前基因多态性检测的主要方法之一,但是其前期的样本制备工作较为繁琐,限制了其在临床检测中的应用。为了简化焦磷酸测序的流程,本研究根据不对称PCR原理,改进了线性指数聚合酶链式反应(LATE-PCR)的引物设计方法,增加过量引物的长度和浓度,并结合全血直接扩增技术,建立了基于普通r Taq聚合酶和高p H缓冲液(Hp H Buffer)的全血改进LATE-PCR(Improved LATE-PCR,im LATE-PCR)方法。考察了方法的最优扩增体系、血液抗凝剂对其影响以及全血模板量。采用单管、一步法直接扩增出单链测序模板,成功地对24例临床血样的乙醇脱氢酶基因多态性进行了检测,检测结果可用于指导临床个体化用药。24例样本的基因型分别为ADH1B位点AA纯合6例、AG杂合14例、GG纯合4例;ADH1C位点GG纯合20例、AG杂合4例、AA纯合0例。     

全血直接扩增结合焦磷酸测序法测定亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因多态性

亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因677C>T和1298A>C两个位点的多态性与临床常用抗肿瘤药物甲氨喋呤及氟尿嘧啶的作用密切相关,对这两个位点多态性的检测能指导临床合理用药。为进一步缩短检测时间,降低检测成本,本研究建立了基于全血直接PCR的焦测序检测方法,采用"HpH Buffer"直接扩增全血模板,仅需1μL全血样本即可对两个位点进行高效扩增。扩增产物经碱变性法制备单链模板后进行焦磷酸测序,经过条件优化,仅需5μL扩增产物和1μL微球即可完成高灵敏的焦测序反应。为验证方法的准确性,检测了12例临床样本,均能正确检测两个位点的基因多态性。本研究为临床基因多态性检测提供了一种操作简便,耗时短,成本低,准确度高的方法,本方法可用于指导甲氨喋呤和5-氟尿嘧啶的个体化用药。     

Analysis of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Human Paraoxonase 1 Gene（Q192R） with Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry

Introduction Singlenucleotidepolymorphisms(SNPs)arethe mostabundantDNAmarkersinthehumangenomeoc curringatafrequencyofoneinevery500—1000nu cleotides[1].Avarietyofmethodshavebeenusedfor theanalysisofsinglenucleotidepolymorphisms,inclu dingrestrictionfragme…     

Biofunctionalization of Polyoxometalates with DNA Primers,Their Use in the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Electrochemical Detection of PCR Products

The bioconjugation of polyoxometalates (POMs), which are inorganic metal oxido clusters, to DNA strands to obtain functional labeled DNA primers and their potential use in electrochemical detection have been investigated. Activated monooxoacylated polyoxotungstates [SiW₁₁O₃₉{Sn(CH₂)₂CO}]^8? and [P₂W₁₇O₆₁{Sn(CH₂)₂CO}]^6? have been used to link to a 5′‐NH₂ terminated 21‐mer DNA forward primer through amide coupling. The functionalized primer was characterized by using a battery of techniques, including electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, as well as IR and Raman spectroscopy. The functionality of the POM‐labeled primers was demonstrated through hybridization with a surface‐immobilized probe. Finally, the labeled primers were successfully used in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the PCR products were characterized by using electrophoresis.     

Simultaneous detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms and copy number variations in the CYP2D6 gene by multiplex polymerase chain reaction combined with capillary electrophoresis

CYP2D6 (cytochrome P450 2D6) is one of the most important enzymes involved in drug metabolism, and CYP2D6 gene variants may cause toxic effects of therapeutic drugs or treatment failure. In this research, a rapid and simple method for genotyping the most common mutant alleles in the Asian population (CYP2D6*1/*1, CYP2D6*1/*10, CYP2D6*10/*10, CYP2D6*1/*5, CYP2D6*5/*10, and CYP2D6*5/*5) was developed by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) combined with capillary electrophoresis (CE). We designed a second mismatch nucleotide next to the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) site in allele-specific primers to increase the difference in PCR amplification. Besides, we established simulation equations to predict the CYP2D6 genotypes by analyzing the DNA patterns in the CE chromatograms. The multiplex PCR combined with CE method was applied to test 50 patients, and all of the test results were compared with the DNA sequencing method, long-PCR method and real-time PCR method. The correlation of the analytical results between the proposed method and other methods were higher than 90%, and the proposed method is superior to other methods for being able to simultaneous detection of SNPs and copy number variations (CNV). Furthermore, we compared the plasma concentration of aripiprazole (a CYP2D6 substrate) and its major metabolites with the genotype of 25 patients. The results demonstrate the proposed genotyping method is effective for estimating the activity of the CYP2D6 enzyme and shows potential for application in personalized medicine. Similar approach can be applied to simultaneous detection of SNPs and CNVs of other genes.     

A Method for Detection of Point Mutation Combined by Mutagenically Separated PCR with High Performance Liquid Chromatography

A method for detecting a known point mutation has been developed by combining mutagenically separated polymerase chain reaction with high performance liquid chromatography. C677T mutation from methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR) was chosen as model samples to assess the feasibility of this method. The annealing temperature for MS-PCR and gradient conditions for HPLC were systematically optimized. Under the optimized conditions, three genotypes of wild type, homozygous mutant and heterozygote (C677C, T677T, C677T) were clearly distinguished, and the data are identical to those obtained from capillary electrophoresis (CE) and from denaturing HPLC (DHPLC). The relative standard deviation (RSD) of this method calculated on the basis of retention times is ± 0.13% (n=7). Our preliminary results demonstrate that MS-PCR combined with HPLC is a simple, effective and highly reproducible technique for known point mutation detection, and may have potential applications in large-scale clinical diagnosis.