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在理论上详细描述了一种新型的激光偏振移相干涉测振系统.通过计算机对两路正交干涉光电信号的接收和正弦逼近法数字处理,在1Hz~10KHz宽频带内测量振动台的振幅和初相位,从而实现加速度传感器复合灵敏度的绝对校准.运用琼斯矩阵证明干涉系统中通过偏振片调整可保证两信号的正交性. 相似文献
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针对目前渔业声学宽频带回波散射测量系统采用多个不同频带的换能器合成、结构复杂且不方便携带的缺点,本文提出一种使用低机械品质因数、高谐振频率的积层压电致动器作为核心压电元件的"朗之万"型宽带水声换能器。测试结果表明,该换能器适用的频率范围为20 kHz~150 kHz,在三个渔业声学常用频率38 kHz、70 kHz、120 kHz下的-3 dB波束宽度分别为20.0°、11.5°、5.0°,可以满足对常见渔业资源种类的宽带声学回波散射特征的测量要求。 相似文献
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由栾桂冬、张金铎、王仁乾编著,北京大学出版社出版的《压电换能器和换能器阵》一书,即将与读者见面。 北京大学声学专业多年来一直为高年级和研究生开设换能器和换能器阵课程。在这门课长期教学基础上,广泛征求读者意见,经多次修改,并补充近年来换能器和换能器阵研究方面的成果和分析方法编成这本书。 全书四十多万字分上下两册,共十五章。上册包括第一章至第九章,下册包括第十章至第十五章。第一章简述了压电换能器和换能器阵的发展及这门学科对声学的发展、研究和应用的重要性。第二章系统讲述了晶体的宏观对称性,晶体的弹性、介电性和压电 相似文献
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本文从基本的电学原理,详细推导出变压吕的互耦阻抗及变压器的阻抗变换关系,提出了换能器阻抗匹配较理想的设计方法,在工程设计中较好的实用价值。 相似文献
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To get a wide-band transducer, the piezoelectric sandwiched transducer with a frustum hole in its head piece is presented in this paper. The equivalent circuit is derived, and the expressions of the equivalent mass and the equivalent impedance of the transducer are obtained by using one-dimensional (1D) design theory. Moreover, the expressions of the mechanical quality factor and the frequency bandwidth are obtained and the transmitting voltage response of the transducer is calculated by using finite element method. The theoretical results show that the frequency bandwidth of the transducer with a hole is wider than that without a hole when their resonant frequencies are almost equal. The tested results are in good agreement with the theoretical calculations. 相似文献
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Shuyu L 《The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America》2002,112(2):511-517
Based on the classical torsional and flexural vibrational theory of a slender rod, the prestressed sandwich torsional-flexural composite mode piezoelectric ceramic ultrasonic transducer is studied. This type of transducer consists of the slender metal rods and the longitudinally and tangentially polarized piezoelectric ceramic rings. The resonance frequency equations for the torsional and flexural vibrations in the transducers are derived. The simultaneous resonance of the torsional and flexural vibrations in the transducer is acquired by correcting the length of the metal slender rods resulting from the piezoelectric ceramic elements. The experimental results show that the measured resonance frequencies of the transducers are in good agreement with the computed ones, and the measured resonance frequencies of the torsional and the flexural vibrations in the composite transducers are also in good agreement with each other. 相似文献
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There is a need for a model that identifies underlying dimensions of soundscape perception, and which may guide measurement and improvement of soundscape quality. With the purpose to develop such a model, a listening experiment was conducted. One hundred listeners measured 50 excerpts of binaural recordings of urban outdoor soundscapes on 116 attribute scales. The average attribute scale values were subjected to principal components analysis, resulting in three components: Pleasantness, eventfulness, and familiarity, explaining 50, 18 and 6% of the total variance, respectively. The principal-component scores were correlated with physical soundscape properties, including categories of dominant sounds and acoustic variables. Soundscape excerpts dominated by technological sounds were found to be unpleasant, whereas soundscape excerpts dominated by natural sounds were pleasant, and soundscape excerpts dominated by human sounds were eventful. These relationships remained after controlling for the overall soundscape loudness (Zwicker's N(10)), which shows that 'informational' properties are substantial contributors to the perception of soundscape. The proposed principal components model provides a framework for future soundscape research and practice. In particular, it suggests which basic dimensions are necessary to measure, how to measure them by a defined set of attribute scales, and how to promote high-quality soundscapes. 相似文献
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分析锥型换能器的基本原则是把换能器沿孔径方向划分成足够多的通道来进行近似,设计制作的关键是加权技术和数据处理技巧。由于SPUDT的特性,把EWC型的SPUDT引入到锥型换能器对制作宽带、低损耗器件是十分有用的;我们在Y128°LN基片上采用一般型和SPUDT型锥型换能器制作了相对带宽约15%的声表面波滤波器,一个换能器采用“块加权”,另一个换能器采用抽指加权。文中给出了两种器件的实验结果,SPUDT型声表面波滤波器的插损仅7.5dB。 相似文献
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提出一种利用多模态耦合的开孔型宽带换能器。在传统纵振换能器前盖板一定距离处开一矩形通孔,以激发出能与纵振耦合从而拓宽频带的振动模态。以带宽为目标,利用有限元方法对通孔的长度、宽度和孔前端离前盖板端面的距离进行了优化设计,得到了最佳的开孔位置和尺寸。研制了换能器样机。测试结果表明,在12~32 kHz频带范围内,换能器有3个工作模态,后两阶模态对工作带宽的展宽有贡献。未开孔的同尺寸纵振换能器-3 dB带宽仅3 kHz,开孔换能器带宽则达10.50 kHz,有效地拓展了工作带宽。理论计算和测试结果吻合较好。 相似文献
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Shuyu L 《The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America》2004,115(1):182-186
The resonance and antiresonance frequency, the effective electromechanical coupling coefficient, and the mechanical quality factor of a sandwich piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer are studied and optimized. The effect of the thickness of thick piezoelectric element electrodes on the transducer performance is analyzed. The effect of the length and position of the piezoelectric elements in the transducer is also studied. It is shown that, although using thick electrodes is beneficial for releasing heat produced by the piezoelectric elements, the effective electromechanical coupling coefficient and the mechanical quality factor are reduced. The length and the position of the piezoelectric elements affect the performances of the transducer. Increasing the length of the piezoelectric elements decreases the mechanical quality factor, but the effective electromechanical coupling coefficient increases. When the length reaches a certain value, the effective electromechanical coupling coefficient reaches a maximum value. When the piezoelectric elements are located at the geometrical center or the displacement node, the effective electromechanical coupling coefficient and the mechanical quality factor are maximized. 相似文献
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Shuyu L 《The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America》2005,117(2):653-661
The coupled vibration of the sandwich piezoelectric transducer with a large cross-section is analyzed using an approximate analytic method. The resonance frequency equations of the transducer are derived and the effect of the geometrical dimensions on the resonance frequency is studied. It is illustrated that when the radial vibration in the transducer is considered, the vibration of the sandwich transducer becomes more complex. Apart from the longitudinal resonance frequency, the radial resonance frequency can also be obtained. For comparison, numerical methods are also used to simulate the coupled vibration; the resonance frequency and the vibrational displacement distribution are computed. Compared with one-dimensional longitudinal theory, the radial dimensions of the transducer are no longer limited because the coupled vibration is considered. Compared with numerical methods, the physical meaning of the analytic method is concise. It is illustrated that the resonance frequencies obtained from the coupled resonance frequency equations are in good agreement with those from numerical methods, and they are in better agreement with the measured results than those from one-dimensional theory. Since the radial and the coupled vibration are considered in the analysis, more resonance frequencies can be obtained. Therefore, using the coupled resonance frequency equations, the sandwich transducer with multifrequency or wide frequency bandwidth can be designed and used in ultrasonic cleaning, ultrasonic sonochemistry and other applications. 相似文献
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分析了夹心式压电换能器的阻抗特性,讨论了基于相位方式的现有跟踪方案的不足,提出了一种新的频率跟踪方案,介绍了实现该方案的电路系统。该方案的特点是:采用先扫频后跟踪的策略,解决了频率范围设定难的问题;增加解锁控制,使得系统在死锁或误跟踪时自动回到频率搜索状态;采用直接数字合成器(DDS)作为频率调整和信号产生的器件,实现了全数字系统,调整方便,精度高;采用复杂可编程逻辑器件(CPLD)做相位比较和DDS控制,使频率跟踪速度快,并且跟踪精度和速度均可控制。 相似文献
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夹心式换能器应用极为广泛,但当其横向尺寸过大时,存在耦合振动,影响其辐射面的位移分布.本文通过在大尺寸夹心式换能器的前盖板中加工周期排列的槽,来形成一种二维声子晶体结构.随后,采用有限元法对基于二维声子晶体的大尺寸夹心式换能器的振动传输特性、共振频率以及发射电压响应进行仿真模拟,讨论了开槽高度和开槽宽度对其带隙、共振与反共振频率、带宽以及辐射面位移分布的影响.研究结果表明,通过在大尺寸夹心式换能器中应用声子晶体结构可对其进行优化设计.当大尺寸夹心式换能器的工作频率位于其带隙范围内时,二维声子晶体结构能有效地抑制其横向振动,从而改善换能器辐射面位移分布的均匀程度.此外,在大尺寸夹心式换能器的前盖板中加工二维声子晶体结构,能有效提升换能器的带宽,进而拓宽大尺寸夹心式换能器的工作频带. 相似文献