稀土对碳锰纯净钢耐腐蚀性能的影响

在碳锰纯净钢中加入稀土元素镧和铈, 用电化学方法测定了腐蚀电流icorr和点蚀特征电位Eb. 结果表明, 稀土种类和含量对碳锰纯净钢的腐蚀性能存在影响, 镧、铈的适宜含量分别为0.011%和0.014%左右. 稀土的作用与它引起的组织变化和对极化过程中试样表面状况的影响有关.     

玉米醇溶蛋白/十二烷基硫酸钠复合物对碳钢的缓蚀效应

通过失重法、扫描电镜和极化曲线法研究了玉米醇溶蛋白/十二烷基硫酸钠(zein/SDS)复合物对碳钢的缓蚀效应。在1mol/L盐酸溶液中,加入0.05‰zein对碳钢的缓蚀率为65.5%,而加入zein/SDS复合物(0.05‰zein+0～8mmol/L SDS)能够使碳钢的缓蚀率逐渐增高至90.1%。随着zein/SDS复合物中SDS浓度的增大,碳钢表面逐渐由深坑面腐蚀变为局部点腐蚀,最终趋于平整。极化曲线测试表明,zein/SDS复合物能够有效抑制碳钢表面电极反应的发生。纯zein与碳钢表面吸附的ΔG_(ads)值表明,zein在碳钢表面主要发生静电吸附作用,而zein/SDS复合物对碳钢的缓蚀效应主要来源于zein同碳钢表面之间的配位吸附作用,这是由于SDS类胶束之间的静电斥力引起zein空间构象的改变。     

N80油套管钢应力状态下的CO2腐蚀行为研究

利用交流阻抗技术研究了拉伸、压缩和弯曲三种应力状态下N80油套管钢在饱和CO₂地层水中的腐蚀过程. 结果表明, 三种状态下的阳极电化学阻抗谱均出现了高频容抗弧、中低频感抗弧和低频容抗弧三个时间常数, 其中高频容抗弧与双电层电容和传递电阻有关, 感抗弧对应膜的活性溶解, 低频容抗弧与试样表面膜的生成有关. 随着三种状态下应变的增加, 感抗弧逐渐扩大, 而低频容抗弧则逐渐缩小, 表明应力状态下N80钢的CO₂腐蚀会加剧. 三种状态下的阴极阻抗谱高频均由容抗弧组成, 中低频由Warburg阻抗和容抗弧共同组成, 三种状态下随着应变程度的增加, Warburg阻抗增加, 反应电阻减小, 双电层电容减小, 说明应力会加速阴极反应过程的进行, 从而增加N80钢的CO₂腐蚀速率.     

假单胞菌对A3钢在枝孢霉菌溶液中腐蚀行为的影响

采用动电位扫描法、电化学交流阻抗法和表面分析方法研究了假单胞菌的加入对A3钢在枝孢霉菌溶液中腐蚀行为的影响. 结果表明, 假单胞菌的存在影响了A3钢在枝孢霉菌体系中阳极的反应过程, 假单胞菌与枝孢霉菌混合体系(简称假-枝混合菌体系)中A3钢的自腐蚀电流小于枝孢霉菌单种菌体系, A3钢的腐蚀速率减小；随着浸泡时间的延长, 从第7天开始, A3钢电极在假-枝混合菌体系中的阻抗值较之同样浸泡天数的枝孢霉菌单种菌体系的阻抗值大, 假单胞菌的存在抑制了枝孢霉菌对A3钢的腐蚀. SEM结果表明, A3钢在枝孢霉菌和假-枝混合菌体系中均发生了点蚀,枝孢霉菌单菌体系中A3 钢的点蚀坑大而深, 假-枝混合菌体系中的点蚀坑与枝孢霉菌体系相比小而浅.     

Mechanochemical effects in redox reactions with participation of iron

The processes of deposition of copper, silver, and lead from their aqueous solutions separately on the concave (contracted) and convex (stretched) sides of a bent steel plate have been investigated. The difference in the deposition rate on the opposite sides gives evidence of the existence of the mechanochemical strain sign effect in redox reactions with the participation of iron.     

Determination of surface stress of glass from data on dissolution under strain

It is the first time the scheme has been realized for the determination of the surface stress of a solid by measuring the rate of dissolution of a body under strain. The meth-od is based on the mechanochemical effect of the strain sign. The experiments were carried out with bent glass plates. The surface stress of glass was estimated at 4.7×10⁸ Pa.     

Misorientation mapping for visualization of plastic deformation via electron back-scattered diffraction.

The ability to map plastic deformation around high strain gradient microstructural features is central in studying phenomena such as fatigue and stress corrosion cracking. A method for the visualization of plastic deformation in electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) data has been developed and is described in this article. This technique is based on mapping the intragrain misorientation in polycrystalline metals. The algorithm maps the scalar misorientation between a local minimum misorientation reference pixel and every other pixel within an individual grain. A map around the corner of a Vickers indentation in 304 stainless steel was used as a test case. Several algorithms for EBSD mapping were then applied to the deformation distributions around air fatigue and stress corrosion cracks in 304 stainless steel. Using this technique, clear visualization of a deformation zone around high strain gradient microstructural features (crack tips, indentations, etc.) is possible with standard EBSD data.     

高温高压喷射湍流区中X70管线钢CO2腐蚀电化学特征

采用高温高压环路喷射装置并结合腐蚀微电极技术, 开展了湍流区中X70 管线钢CO₂腐蚀实验. 利用扫描电镜对不同实验时间的试样表面腐蚀产物微观形貌进行了观察和分析, 并进行了湍流区原位电化学测试和分析. 结果表明, 湍流区中X70 钢的CO₂腐蚀电化学特征与其表面所覆盖腐蚀产物膜层变化密切相关. 实验12 h内, 湍流区中X70钢表面从最初的基体与腐蚀产物共存, 转变为由疏松且不完整的膜层覆盖的特征. 实验12 h 后, 试样表面出现内外两层腐蚀产物膜, 内层膜堆垛致密, 外层膜疏松多孔, 同时湍流区中高切应力导致外层腐蚀产物脱落, 材料表面逐渐被完整致密的内层膜覆盖, 这是腐蚀速率持续下降的主要原因. 电化学结果表明, 实验12 h 内, 湍流区中X70 钢的腐蚀电位E_corr和线性极化电阻R_p不断下降; 电化学阻抗谱由高频容抗弧、中频容抗弧和低频感抗弧组成, 膜层电阻R_f缓慢增加, 电荷传递电阻R_t不断下降, 双电层电容C_dl和膜层电容C_f迅速下降; 12 h后, 腐蚀产物膜层对基体材料保护性随喷射时间延长逐渐增强, E_corr和R_p逐渐增大, 电化学阻抗谱中低频感抗弧逐渐收缩并在48 h 时消失, 最后转变为双容抗特征, R_f、R_t和C_dl随时间迅速增大, C_f趋于稳定.     

Electrochemical investigation of a schiff base synthesized by cinnamaldehyde as corrosion inhibitor on mild steel in acidic medium

The inhibiting effect of (NE)-4-phenoxy-N-(3-phenylallylidene) aniline (PAC) on the corrosion of mild steel in 1.0 M HCl has been studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and Tafel polarization measurements. The corrosion rate was also calculated theoretically in terms of mm per year and mil per year, using current density values of mild steel in 1.0 M HCl medium. It was found that PAC has a remarkable inhibition efficiency on the corrosion of mild steel especially at high temperatures. The values of E _a obtained in presence of a Schiff base were found to be lower than those obtained in the inhibitor-free solution. The increase of inhibition efficiency percent with temperature increase was associated with the transformation of physical adsorption into chemical adsorption. The thermodynamic functions of adsorption processes have been evaluated and discussed at each temperature. Scanning electron microscope observations of the electrode surface confirmed the existence of a protective adsorbed film of the inhibitor on the electrode surface.     

Stressed Corrosion of an Austenitic Stainless Steel Studied by Scanning Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy

Under the ambient temperature (25°C) and pressure (one Standard Atmospheric Pressure) conditions, surface Volta potential of an austenitic stainless steel was measured using the Scanning Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (SKPFM) to study its stressed-related corrosion behavior in a 0.5 M chloride solution. In an oxygen and water regulated environment (using a glovebox), the steel shows a map of Volta potentials with high contrasts among the different grains and grain boundaries, which was then linked to the actual corrosion potential (w.r.t. a saturated calomel electrode) based on a rigorous calibration procedure. Corrosion behavior of the steel under tensile stress was then compared to that of the same sample under no tensile stress in light of the measured Volta potential, which was found to be sensitive to the level of applied tensile stress, although the tested stainless steel in general is known for its high corrosion-resident capability. According to this study, surface Volta potential measured by SKPFM can be used as a high-accuracy indicator for localized corrosion of steels.     

温度和溶液pH值交互作用对X80钢在模拟土壤环境中腐蚀行为的影响

利用循环伏安法（CV）、电化学阻抗谱（EIS）和Mott-Schottky曲线研究了温度和溶液pH值交互作用下X80钢在模拟土壤环境中的腐蚀性能。结果表明：低pH值条件下X80钢表面会形成一层稳定性差的腐蚀膜;高pH值条件下X80钢表面会形成一层保护性强的腐蚀膜。随着pH值得增大和温度的降低X80钢表面所成腐蚀膜的膜电阻和传递电阻增大,这表明随着pH值得增大和温度的降低X80钢表面所成腐蚀膜对基体的保护性增强。X80钢在模拟土壤环境中表面所成腐蚀膜呈n型半导体特性,膜内施主密度随介质pH值增大而降低,随溶液温度升高而增大。平带电位和pH值之间呈现线性关系。     

Q235钢在假单胞菌和铁细菌混合作用下的腐蚀行为

采用腐蚀失重法、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和表面分析技术研究了Q235钢在假单胞菌和铁细菌共同作用下的腐蚀行为.结果表明:与单种菌相比,两种菌混合作用下Q235钢腐蚀受到了抑制.混菌体系中金属电极自腐蚀电位升高,腐蚀电流密度减小,交流阻抗值随时间增大.扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析结果表明混合菌体系中Q235钢表面形成了均匀致密的腐蚀产物膜.     

Mechanism for hydrogen evolution reaction on pipeline steel in near-neutral pH solution

Cyclic voltammetry, hydrogen permeation tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements were combined to study the mechanism for hydrogen evolution reaction on X-70 pipe steel in near-neutral pH solution. It is found that hydrogen evolution reaction is dominated by the reduction of water molecules, followed by either an electrochemical hydrogen recombination reaction or a hydrogen absorption reaction. The near-neutral pH environment is capable of generating catalytic surface effect on hydrogen evolution on the pipe steel. The increasing dissolution of the cathodically pre-polarized steel could be due to the enhanced activation of the steel, rather than the increasing amount of hydrogen atoms in the steel. These results provide mechanistic information to understand the near-neutral pH stress corrosion cracking of pipelines.     

山梨酸钾与Zn2+在NaCl溶液中对Q235钢的缓蚀协同作用

采用失重法、电化学法、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了0.5 mol/L NaCl溶液中,山梨酸钾(PS)与Zn²⁺对Q235钢的缓蚀协同效应。 失重实验结果表明,在0.5 mol/L NaCl溶液中,PS对Q235钢具有一定的缓蚀效果,缓蚀效率随PS质量浓度的增加而增大,当添加PS的质量浓度为25.0 g/L时,最大缓蚀效率仅为38.37%,而PS与Zn²⁺复配后存在显著的缓蚀协同作用,缓蚀效率高达91.03%。 动电势极化结果表明,PS与Zn²⁺混合物可同时抑制Q235钢的阴、阳极反应,属于阳极型缓蚀剂。 阻抗谱表明,该混合物可在电极表面形成致密的保护膜。 XPS分析证明保护膜是由PS、铁的氧化物/氢氧化物和Zn(OH)₂沉淀组成。     

18／8型不锈钢在受力形变条件下腐蚀电化学行为的研究

应用电化学稳态技术、电化交流阻、抗微区电化学技术及扫描电等方法，研究１８／８型不锈钢在Ｎａ２Ｓ２Ｏ３稀溶液中，受外力形变条件下，的腐蚀电化学行为，结果表明，力学因素可使表面腐蚀电化学活性增加，表面微裂纹的发生、消失和再钝化的动态过程，同时受电位和拉应力的影响；点腐蚀可优先发生在应力集中位置，点蚀的发展可能诱导不锈钢的应力腐蚀开裂。     

红茶提取液在盐酸中对碳钢的缓蚀作用

采用动电位极化曲线和交流阻抗（EIS）研究了红茶提取液（BLE）在盐酸介质中对碳钢的缓蚀性能和缓蚀机理。 研究结果表明,采用索氏提取法从红茶茶叶中提取的缓蚀剂,对碳钢在1.0 mol/L盐酸溶液中具有良好的缓蚀性能,随着提取物浓度的增加,缓蚀效率增大。 红茶提取液中的有效缓蚀成分为抑制阴阳极反应的混合型缓蚀剂,在碳钢表面的吸附符合Langmuir等温式,属于单分子层吸附。     

模拟混凝土孔隙液中钢筋腐蚀的氯离子临界浓度测试

应用扫描微参比电极法,测量钢筋在模拟混凝土孔隙液中的表面微区电位分布;考察在一定pH值时氯离子浓度对溶液中钢筋腐蚀行为的影响。采用逐步逼近法,测试引起钢筋发生点腐蚀的氯离子临界浓度。当溶液pH为12.0时,可以观察到氯离子浓度变化引起钢筋点腐蚀的变化过程,从而确定氯离子浓度临界值为0.04~0.05 mol/L。     

Effect of Residual Stress on Corrosion Sensitivity of Carbon Steel Studied by SECM

The effect of compressive residual stress on the reactivity of carbon steel in a neutral chloride solution was investigated by means of potentiodynamic polarization and local electrochemical measurement with scanning electrochemical microscope（SECM）. Meanwhile, X-ray diffraction, as a nondestructive technique, was employed to determine the levels of residual stress in near-surface layers of carbon steel specimen. The results show that the resi- dual stress existed in the specimen fell into the category of compressive residual stress which was inversely propor- tional to the corrosion sensitivity of carbon steel specimen. By using I/I3 couple as a redox mediator in the current feedback mode of SECM measurements, the Faradaic current on Pt tip, which was relevant to the rate of the I3- ion reduction, fell with the increase of compressive residual stress. The correlation between compressive residual stress and heterogeneous electron transfer rate has been proposed based on the inference of the localized electrochemical reactions occurred on the specimen surface,     

Inhibition of cold rolled steel corrosion in sulphuric acid solution by 2-mercapto-1-methylimidazole: Time and temperature effects treatments

2-Mercapto-1-methylimidazole (MMI) has been evaluated as a corrosion inhibitor for cold rolled steel in aerated 2 M H₂SO₄ by gravimetric method. The effect of MMI on the corrosion rate was determined at various immersions time and concentrations. The effect of the temperature on the corrosion behaviour with addition of different concentrations of MMI was studied in the temperature range 30–60 °C. The MMI acts as an effective corrosion inhibitor for cold rolled in sulphuric acid medium. The inhibition process is attributed to the formation of an adsorbed film of MMI on the metal surface which protects the metal against corrosion. The protection efficiency increased with increase in inhibitor concentration at various immersions time and decreased with increase in temperature. Adsorption of MMI on the cold rolled steel surface is found to obey the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Some thermodynamic functions of dissolution and adsorption processes were also determined.     

双相不锈钢在水溶液中之腐蚀疲劳与动态应变时效

本研究主要探讨 2 2 %Cr双相不锈钢在含氯离子水溶液中之腐蚀疲劳裂缝成长行为 ,以及在慢应变速率拉伸试验过程中所发生的动态应变时效现象 .同时以 31 6L沃斯田体系不锈钢及4 30肥粒体系不锈钢作为比较 ,藉以探讨不同晶体结构对腐蚀疲劳及动态应变时效行为的影响 .实验结果显示 ,在 80℃ ,3.5wt%NaCl水溶液中 ,3种不锈钢并未发生应力腐蚀破裂 ,但其中 31 6L沃斯田体系不锈钢及 2 2 %Cr双相不锈钢却发生动态应变时效 ,且动态应变时效的发生与温度 ,应变速率及沃斯田体相的组织有关 .在NaCl水溶液中 ,采用预裂试片量测疲劳裂缝生长速率 ,其结果表明 ,4 30肥粒体系不锈钢之疲劳裂缝生长速率最快 ,而氢脆是加快裂缝生长速率的主因 ,就双相不锈钢而言 ,腐蚀疲劳裂缝的生长主要与该不锈钢所含之肥粒体相的氢脆现象有关