Additive role of attapulgite nanoclay on carbonyl iron-based magnetorheological suspension

Attapulgite (ATP), a fibrous nanoclay mineral, was adopted as an additive in this study to improve the sedimentation problem of soft magnetic carbonyl iron (CI)-based magnetorheological (MR) fluids caused by the density mismatch between the CI particles and medium oil. The MR characteristics of the two MR fluid systems with and without ATP were measured and compared using a rotational rheometer under different magnetic field strengths. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that ATP filled the interspaces among the CI particles, explaining the improved dispersion stability of the MR fluid based on the Turbiscan sedimentation measurements. Despite the slight decrease in MR characteristics, the MR fluid with the additive exhibited the typical MR performance of an increase in shear stress in an applied magnetic field.     

Ultrathin polydimethylsiloxane-coated carbonyl iron particles and their magnetorheological characteristics

An ultrathin polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer with a mean thickness of 1 nm was coated on soft magnetic carbonyl iron (CI) particles by using a simple thermal evaporation process, and then their physical characteristics were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). Magnetorheological (MR) fluid was prepared by using PDMS-coated CI powder, and its rheological behavior was investigated under different external magnetic field strengths using a rotational rheometer. The CI particles coated by a thin PDMS layer showed higher oxidation temperature than pristine CI particles and MR fluid consisting of PDMS-coated CI particles demonstrated better dispersion stability in a nonmagnetic carrier fluid.     

Magnesium ferrite nanocrystal clusters for magnetorheological fluid with enhanced sedimentation stability

In this study, magnesium ferrite (MgFe₂O₄) nanocrystal clusters were synthesized using an ascorbic acid-assistant solvothermal method and evaluated as a candidate for magnetorheological (MR) fluid. The morphology, microstructure and magnetic properties of the MgFe₂O₄ nanocrystal clusters were investigated in detail by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). The MgFe₂O₄ nanocrystal clusters were suspended in silicone oil to prepare MR fluid and the MR properties were tested using a Physica MCR301 rheometer fitted with a magneto-rheological module. The prepared MR fluid showed typical Bingham plastic behavior, changing from a liquid-like to a solid-like structure under an external magnetic field. Compared with the conventional carbonyl iron particles, MgFe₂O₄ nanocrystal clusters-based MR fluid demonstrated enhanced sedimentation stability due to the reduced mismatch in density between the particles and the carrier medium. In summary, the as-prepared MgFe₂O₄ nanocrystal clusters are regarded as a promising candidate for MR fluid with enhanced sedimentation stability.     

Iron oxide/MCM-41 mesoporous nanocomposites and their magnetorheology

Mesoporous nanocomposite materials of magnetic iron oxide-containing MCM-41 (IO/MCM-41) were prepared by simple thermal oxidation of Fe-containing MCM-41 initially prepared by a direct synthesis route using Fe³⁺ salt. The magnetic saturation of the fabricated nanocomposite materials was measured using a vibrating sample magnetometer, while surface morphology and inner framework of the composite materials were studied using a field emission scanning electron microscope and a transmission electron microscope to confirm their mesoporous nanocomposite formation. The fabricated magnetic materials were then adopted as a magnetorheological (MR) fluid, where the IO/MCM-41 magnetic nanocomposites were dispersed in a nonmagnetic medium oil in addition to as an additive for carbonyl iron-based MR fluid. Their MR properties of flow curve along with yield stress and viscoelastic properties under applied magnetic fields were investigated using a rotational rheometer.     

Soft magnetic carbonyl iron microsphere dispersed in grease and its rheological characteristics under magnetic field

Magnetorheological (MR) grease, comprised of a suspension of soft magnetic carbonyl iron (CI) microspherical particles dispersed in a grease medium, was fabricated by a mechanical stirring method. As potential medium oil for MR system, shear viscosity of the pure grease was measured as a function of temperature. Its MR characteristics were investigated using a rotational rheometer under an external magnetic field. Flow curve responses (shear stress and shear viscosity), yield stress, and elasticity were investigated using various magnetic field strengths ranging from 0 to 342 kA/m. It was confirmed that MR grease has a yield stress under no external magnetic field due to the inherent property of grease. In addition, CI based MR grease exhibited a characteristic of a Bingham fluid.     

有机分子修饰铁粒子表面改善水基磁流变液的抗氧化性和稳定性

采用有机分子N-葡萄糖基乙二胺三乙酸(GED3A)修饰羰基铁(CI)粒子表面的方法, 制备了复合磁性粒子(CMPs)和水基磁流变(MR)液; 用扫描电镜(SEM)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)和带磁场供应和控制器的流变仪表征了CMPs及水基MR液的性能; 同时, 通过稳定性试验、空气氧化试验、酸腐蚀试验分别分析了水基MR液的分散稳定性和抗氧化性. 结果表明, 用此方法制备的CMPs具有良好的软磁性能, 饱和磁化强度(Ms)为182.2 emu·g-1, 矫顽力(Hc)为4.17 Oe, 剩磁(Mr)为0.1944 emu·g-1. 与原CI粒子水基MR液比较, 制备的水基MR液的沉降率下降了约24.4%; 在酸的浓度为0.02-0.10 mol·L-1范围内, 抗HCl氧化的能力提高了92.6%-95.7%, 抗HNO3氧化的能力提高了86.1%-93.8%.     

磁场诱导沉淀聚合制备一维Fe3O4/P（MAA-DVB）纳米链

采用溶剂热法制备了单分散Fe3O4纳米粒子,以甲基丙烯酸（MAA）和二乙烯基苯（DVB）为聚合单体,在沉淀聚合过程中通过磁场诱导自组装制备了一维高磁响应性永久连接的Fe3O4/P（MAA-DVB）纳米链.采用扫描电镜（SEM）,透射电镜（TEM）,X射线衍射仪（XRD）,热重分析（TGA）及振动样品磁强计（VSM）等对其形貌、磁含量和磁响应性等进行了分析表征.结果表明,该法制备的一维Fe3O4/P（MAA-DVB）纳米链的磁含量为91%时,其比饱和磁化强度为72emu/g.在外磁场存在条件下,一维Fe3O4/P（MAA-DVB）纳米链将按外界磁场的方向取向.此外,每个豆荚内的Fe3O4纳米粒子规则的排列在一条线上,并通过P（MAA-DVB）聚合物使其均匀分布.     

Fe2O3-TiO2磁性复合材料的制备及可见光催化性能

以FeCl₃和Ti(C₄H₉O)₄为前驱体, 通过复合溶胶法制备了Fe₂O₃-TiO₂磁性复合光催化剂, 并用 XPS, XRD, SEM, EDS及BET进行了表征. 对亚甲基蓝的降解实验证明, Fe₂O₃的引入将复合材料的光响应范围扩展至可见光区, 且掺杂的Fe₂O₃摩尔分数为1.0%时, 样品可见光催化性能最高. 磁强计的测试结果显示, 复合光催化剂具有一定的磁性, 可在反应结束后利用磁场从体系分离, 使催化剂得到回收再利用.     

环糊精改性Fe_3O_4磁性液体的制备与感应加热特性

采用两步法制备β-环糊精改性纳米四氧化三铁磁性液体,探讨了pH值、改性剂用量、改性温度对改性效果的影响.改性水基磁性液体性能稳定,饱和磁化强度可达1.78emμ/g.在高频交变磁场下,磁性液体升温超过41℃,可用于肿瘤的磁热疗研究.     

Large low-field magnetoresistance in nanocrystalline magnetite prepared by sol-gel method

Nanocrystalline magnetite Fe3O4 samples with a grain size of about 40 nm have been synthesized by an optimized sol-gel method. The single phase of spinel magnetite was confirmed by both X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. It has been found that the magnetoresistance of the samples at low field (LFMR) is relatively large, and with the decrease of temperature its value at a field of 0.5 T changes dramatically from -2.5% at 300 K to -17.0% at 55 K. With the further decrease of temperature a sharp drop occurs for the magnitude of the magnetoresistance (MR), regarded as a spin (cluster) glass transition in the surface region of the grains that can be confirmed by the zero-field-cooled and field-cooled magnetization and ac susceptibility measurement. The mechanism of the magnetic and transport properties was discussed.     

Magnetically recoverable Cu2O/Fe3O4 composite photocatalysts：Fabrication and photocatalytic activity

A magnetically separable Cu2O/Fe3O4 magnetic composite photocatalyst was synthesized in large quantities by a fast and simple route. The as-prepared photocatalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. Furthermore, the Cu2O/Fe3O4 composite photocatalysts were tested using methyl orange （MO） degradation reaction under visible light irradiation （100 mW/cm2） and demonstrated to have a high photocatalytic efficiency toward the decomposition of MO under visible light irradiation with good recyclability.     

Electrorheological and magnetorheological response of polypyrrole/magnetite nanocomposite particles

Magnetic nanoparticles of magnetite (Fe₃O₄) were synthesized within a conducting polypyrrole (PPY) matrix using a facile method, and employed as both electrorheological (ER) and magnetorheological (MR) materials to provide a well dispersed suspension of either ER or MR fluids. The PPY to Fe₃O₄ weight ratio was adjusted to 5 % to avoid possible deterioration of the magnetic properties of the Fe₃O₄ particles. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction provided information on the structure and particle size of the PPY/Fe₃O₄. Both ER and MR performance of pure Fe₃O₄ and PPY/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites were examined through rotational and oscillatory tests using a rotational rheometer under an applied electric and magnetic field, respectively, demonstrating typical ER and MR characteristics.     

磁性碳基磺酸化固体酸催化剂的制备及其催化水解纤维素

以纤维素和硝酸铁为原料,发烟硫酸为磺酸化试剂,采用热解法合成了磁性碳基磺酸化固体酸催化剂(Fe/C-SO3H).利用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)光谱仪和振动样品磁强计(VSM)等手段对催化剂进行了表征,评价了催化剂在纤维素水解反应中的催化活性.结果表明,Fe是以γ-Fe2O3的形式存在于碳本体中,催化剂呈现超顺磁性.对于纤维素的水解反应,在优化条件下,纤维素的转化率可达40.6%.此外,催化剂可稳定分散于反应体系中,并在外加磁场作用下可快速与反应体系分离.但催化剂重复使用时催化活性有所下降,其失活原因经初步认定是由于表面部分磺酸基团在反应过程中脱落.     

The Preparation of Light Magnetic Materials and it's Application on Magnetorheological Fluids

It is reported that preparation of magnetic material(nickel and cobalt) on the surface of light material. The density of the new material is low (Effective density of it is 2~3 g/cm3). The sedimental stability of the new magnetorheological fluid made by light magnetic material is similar to that of the MR fluid made by carbonyl nickel powders containing lots of anti-sedimental agent. The apparent viscosity of new MR fluids under magnetic field is dozens of times as high as the inital viscosity. Therefore the problem of settling of solid particles under gravity can be effectively prevented by manufacturing magnetorheological fluids using the new material.     

The effect of magnetic fields on the electrodeposition of iron

The effect of a uniform magnetic field with flux density up to 1 T on the electrodeposition of Fe from sulphate electrolyte has been investigated under different field configurations relative to the electrode surface. Voltammetric and chronoamperometric experiments have been carried out coupled with an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance for in situ mass change measurements. The structure and morphology of the deposited films were determined by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and X-ray diffraction measurements. Results show that, when the magnetic field is applied parallel to the electrode surface, the limiting current density and the deposition rate are increased due to the magnetohydrodynamic effect. The nucleation process is also affected in parallel configuration; the current density of the maximum on the chronoamperograms is decreased, and an additional nucleation step might be observed. This effect is attributed to the hydrodynamic response of the electrochemical system. No significant influence on the electrochemical reaction was observed when a magnetic field was applied perpendicular to the electrode. But in this configuration, the morphology of deposited layers is changed by the magnetic field. The morphology changes are discussed. No effect of the magnetic field on the crystallographic structure was observed.     

Atom transfer radical polymerized PMMA/magnetite nanocomposites and their magnetorheology

We synthesized core/shell-typed magnetic nanoparticle composites using poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as a shell and magnetite nanoparticle (MN) as a core, in which the PMMA shell was prepared via atomic transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) method. Chemical structure and morphology of the synthesized MN–PMMA nanocomposite were investigated using FT-IR and TEM, respectively. Magnetorheological (MR) fluid was prepared by dispersing synthesized MN–PMMA in non-magnetic medium. Both shear stress and shear viscosity of the MR fluids as a function of shear rate were measured using a rotational rheometer with a magnetic field generator, exhibiting that a yield stress increased with an external magnetic field strength.     

Core–shell-structured silica-coated magnetic carbonyl iron microbead and its magnetorheology with anti-acidic characteristics

We synthesized silica-coated soft magnetic carbonyl iron (CI) particles through a modified Stöber method, in which the CI particles were pretreated with a grafting agent to enhance the affinity of a precursor of silica. Synthesized magnetic microbeads were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and anti-acid test in HCl solution. Silica-coated CI shows not only improved wettability to silicone oil with a lower off-state shear viscosity as a better magnetorheological fluid under an applied magnetic field but also enhanced anti-acidic property.     

Application of Magnetorheological Fluid Damper in Rotor Vibration Control

A shear mode magnetorheological (MR) fluid damper used for rotor vibration control is designed, and the theoretical model of a cantilever rotor system with the MR fluid damper is established. The imbalance properties of the rotor system is studied theoretically and experimentally. It is found from the study that as the magnetic field strength in the MR fluid damper increases, the damping and stiffness of the damper are increased. The vibration amplitude of the rotor system is decreased at the critical speed, and the critical speed of the rotor system is increased with the increasing of applied magnetic field. The rotor vibration when passing through the critical speed can be controlled by using simple on/off control method.     

具有光导性的磁性高分子粒子的合成与表征

采用分散聚合法合成了表面带羟基、内核为四氧化三铁的磁性高分子粒子 ,再用酯化法在粒子表面共价结合有机光导分子酞菁 ,得到了同时具有光导性和磁响应性的磁性高分子粒子     

热解-还原法制备单分散Fe3O4亚微空心球

在用模板法水解FeCl3制备单分散聚(苯乙烯-共-丙烯酸)/Fe2O3[P(St-co-AA)/Fe2O3]核壳粒子的基础上, 于N2环境下热解内核直接得到了单分散的磁性Fe3O4亚微空心球. 用透射电镜(TEM)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)表征并测试了空心微球的结构形貌、成分以及静磁性能. 结果表明, P(St-co-AA)/Fe2O3核壳粒子在热处理过程中, 由于内核热解生成的有机小分子将Fe2O3 壳层同时还原为Fe3O4, 从而生成了粒径和壁厚均匀的单分散Fe3O4亚微空心球. 该空心微球在室温下的饱和磁化强度、剩余磁化强度和矫顽力分别为50.91 A·m2·kg-1、3.97 A·m2·kg-1和2.33 kA·m-1.