血液灌流材料研究进展

血液灌流技术以其显著的疗效和新颖的治疗方法而发展迅速,目前其应用正日趋广泛,所治疗的疾病已经从药物中毒、肝肾疾病扩展到一系列免疫性疾病。本文综述了血液灌流材料的发展和研究进展,按照种类不同对材料的性质和应用进行了阐述,为血液灌流材料的制备和应用提供参考。     

血液灌流治疗高胆红素血症的研究进展

胆红素是血红素的分解产物，由于它的毒性，去除胆红素一直是人工肝支持装置研究的热门课题，本文综述了包括ＮＫ－１１０，ＢＲ－６０１，ＡＲ－１，ＭＲ等在内的十几种用于治疗高胆红素血症的高效吸附剂。     

血液灌流用内毒素吸附材料研究

内毒素血症是败血症致死率极高的主要原因之一,迅速并有效地清除患者体内的内毒素,是临床医学面临的一个难题．用血液灌流的方法,选用有效的吸附剂,通过体外循环从血液中直接清除内毒素,受到了人们越来越多的关注．国内外研究者已开始研究利用该方法治疗内毒素血症,用活性炭     

血液灌流吸附清除中分子物质的实验研究

我们从所研制的系列树脂中筛选出对中分子物质(MMS)吸附作用较好的5种吸附树脂,并将其中HP-A_3和HP-A_9用于尿毒症患者血浆体外模拟灌流和急性肾衰大鼠血液灌流。应用MMS总量测定法和Sephadex G25凝胶层析法研究树脂对MMS的吸附清除作用。结果表明,这两种树脂体内、外清除MMS作用显著,HP-A_9树脂体内清除效果更好,其血液相容性也更为理想,有希望应用于临床治疗某些MMS堆积的疾病。     

血液灌流吸附剂的研究——DAC包膜活性炭的制备及性能

本文研制了一种ＤＡＣ包膜活性炭血液灌流吸附剂，对模拟血中中分子物质有好的吸附能力，对其吸附特性进行了理论探讨。     

血液灌流用胆红素吸附剂的吸附性能研究

胆红素是一种内源性毒素.急性肝损伤时,体内胆红素的排泄受到阻碍.如何能有效地排除高浓度的胆红素,引起了各国学者的高度重视^[1].文献^[2,3]报道,在血液净化疗法治疗高胆红素血症中,当胆红素吸附剂上含有氨基阳离子时,可以提高其对胆红素的吸附量.     

医用活性高分子吸附材料在血液灌流临床应用的进展

本文报道了医用活性高分子吸附材料在血液净化中的应用，着重介绍各种吸附材料的性能及其在血液灌流、血液灌流和血液透析联合治疗有关疾病的新进展。     

IA免疫吸附剂血液灌流治疗系统性红斑狼疮病例研究

本文介绍用IA免疫吸附剂血液灌流临床治疗系统性红斑狼疮患者的研究结果。     

A MODEL FOR THE RELEASE BEHAVIOR OF DRUGS FROM HYDROGEL NANOPARTICLE

A model to correlate and predict the release behavior of drugs from hydrogel nanoparticles is presented in this paper. The nanoparticle is considered as a combination of a shell of an elastic semipermeable membrane and a core of a fluid phase (After swelling equilibrium). The fluid core consists of network building materials and other components that are able to partition in hydrogel nanoparticle phase and surrounding coexisting liquid phase, and is enveloped by the membrane shell. The excess Gibbs energies of the hydrogel nanoparticle phase and the surrounding coexisting fiuid phase are expressed e.g. using UNIQUAC equation with "free-volume" contribution for non-ionic solution and VERS-model for ionic one. The elastic properties of polymer network could be described, for example, by the "phantom network" theory.     

A MODEL FOR THE RELEASE BEHAVIOR OF DRUGS FROM HYDROGEL NANOPARTICLE

1. INTRODUCTION In recent years, significant efforts has been devoted to develop nanoparticle for drug delivery since it offers a suitable means of delivering small molecular weight drugs, as well as macromolecules such as proteins, peptides, vaccine, genes or antineoplastic drugs by either localized or targeted delivery to the special site or the tissue of interest. However, most studies only focused on the preparation and characterization of nanoparticles as well as the therapeutic appli…     

IA免疫吸附剂血液灌流对血液某些指标及脏器组织形态学影响实验研究

前文介绍了ＶＴ共聚物上固定ＤＮＡ制得免疫吸附剂，探讨了其结构和血液相容性，本文介绍ＩＡ吸附剂对狗进行血液灌流，观察该吸附剂对实验动物狗血液有形成分，某些生物化学指标及主要脏器的影响。     

THE VALIDATION OF A NEW VASCULAR DAMAGE ASSAY FOR PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY AGENTS

Abstract— The therapeutic effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT: photodynamic sensitizer + light) is partly due to vascular damage. This report describes a new vascular photodamage assay for PDT agents and a validation of the assay. The method described here quantitates changes in tissue blood perfusion based on the relative amount of injected fluorescein dye in treated and untreated tissues. A specially designed fluorometer uses chopped monochromatic light from an argon laser as a source for exciting fluorescein fluorescence. The fluorescent light emitted from the tissue is collected by a six element fiberoptic array, filtered and delivered to a photodiode detector coupled to a phase-locked amplifier for conversion to a voltage signal for recording. This arrangement permits a rather simple, inexpensive construction and allows for the simultaneous use of the argon laser by other investigators.
The routine assay for characterizing a specific photosensitizer at a standard dose consists of the sequential allocation of eight mice to a set of different light doses designed to span the dose-response range of fluorescein fluorescence exclusion (measured 8–10 min after fluorescein injection). The assay validation experiment used an anionic photosensitizer, 2-[l-hexyloxyethyl]-2-devinyl pyropheophorbide-a at a dose of 0.4 μmol/kg. The parameter estimates (n = 34 mice) from fitting the standard Hill dose-response model to the data were: median fluorescence exclusion light dose FE₅₀= 275 ± 8.3 J/cm² and Hill sigmoidicity parameter m =−3.66 ± 0.28. Subsets of the full data set randomly selected to simulate a standard eight mice experiment yielded similar parameter estimates. The new assay provides reliable estimates of PDT vascular damage with a frugal sequential experimental design.     

A BIOCHEMICAL SCREENING TEST FOR THE PHOTOSENSITIZING POTENTIAL OF DRUGS AND DISINFECTANTS

Abstract— A series of photosensitizers known to cause photodermatitis were tested with respect to photosensitizing properties. Irradiation of these sensitizers together with unsaturated fatty acids or amino acids showed that few of them can be transformed by most of the photosensitizers. SH groups can. however, be destroyed by most of the photosensitizers known in dermatological practice. At low photosensitizer-to-SH group ratios, GSSG is formed; at higher ratios, other transformations of GSH predominates. The reactivity of GSH with ninhydrin is decreased after irradiation with a photo-sensitizer. Glutathione seems to be a biomolecule that is suitably sensitive to photosensitized modification and thus suitable for evaluation of any photosensitizing activity that new drugs may have as an unwanted side effect.     

PHOTO-CIDNP AS A TOOL FOR THE STUDY OF THE REACTIVITY OF PHOTOSENSITIZING DRUGS: THE FUROCOUMARINS

Abstract— Several monofunctional and bifunctional furocoumarin derivatives were studied by means of the photo-CIDNP technique. Nuclear spin polarizations were observed on some of these derivatives when irradiated in acetonitrile solutions. The likely occurrence of both semi-reduced and semi-oxidized species of the FC in the reaction scheme is discussed.
When N-acetyltyrosine was added to the solution, CIDNP effects were observed on both reactants. They arose from a highly reversible pathway, as no photoproduct was polarized. On the FC part, the stronger effects were always observed on the 3,4 pyrone double bond suggesting that it must possess the highest spin density in the reaction intermediate. According to previous studies, the latter should be the FC anion or neutral radical. For the amino-acid moiety, the intensity of the polarizations was strongly dependent on the nature of the FC. This allowed the classification of the FC into three groups (zero, weak and strong intensities). As compared with their photobiological reactivity, this classification seemed to be related to the usual mono- and bifunctional distinction. This is the second example showing that photo-CIDNP could be used as a preliminary test for the study of the photosensitizing drug properties.     

DISTRIBUTION OF TEMOPORFIN, A NEW PHOTOSENSITIZER FOR THE PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY OF CANCER, IN A MURINE TUMOR MODEL

Abstract— The biodistribution of temoporfin (tetra[ m -hydroxyphenyl]chlorin, m -THPC), a recently developed photosensitizer, was investigated in BALB/c mice. The drug was administered intravenously (0.35-0.75 μmol/kg) to tumor-free mice or to mice implanted with the Colo 26 colorectal carcinoma. Blood and tissue samples were collected for up to 96 h post-dose. Drug concentrations were determined by HPLC coupled to photometric detection at 423 nm. Concentrations in blood and liver fell relatively rapidly such that blood concentrations at later time points were below the limit of detection. Tumor concentrations rose at first and then remained constant from 24 h. Temoporfin concentrations in some tissues, notably heart and skeletal muscle, declined only slowly when compared to blood. The tumor: tissue ratios for those organs that showed a more rapid decline in temoporfin concentrations were higher at later times, whereas in tissues such as muscle the ratio remained relatively constant. The organs with the highest tumor: tissue ratios were small intestine (8.6), liver (6.9) and skeletal muscle (5.0).     

全氟烷基碘化物的脱碘亚磺化反应和合成全氟磺酸的新方法

我们在工作中发现亚硫酸钾水溶液与1的正常反应产物是2^[1],但加二氧六环于上述反应体系后发生了一个不同的反应,得到另一个产物3,即:3是熔点286℃的无色结晶,IR:1010cm^-1;¹⁹FNMR:δ_CFCl3为82.0,133.4ppm,这两个核磁共振吸收峰均为单峰并强度相等。元素分析与氧化还原滴定也符合3的结构。这一反应条件温和,产率及选择率都高达90%。因为这种反应未见文献报道,我们建议称之为“脱碘亚磺化反应”,它具有自由基反应的性质。     

REACTIONS WITH THIAZOLINONES: A NEW ROUTE FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF THIAZOLONYLPYRIDAZONE AND THIAZOLYLPYRAZOLONE DERIVATIVES

Abstract

2-Amino-1.1.3-tricyanoprop-l-ene (1) reacted with thioglycollic acid to afford the key compound for this study namely: 2-amino-I,I-dicyano-3(2-thiazolin-4-on-2-yl)prop-1-ene 2. 2 reacted with hydrazines to afford the thiazolylmethylaminopyrazole derivatives 3 and 4. The reaction of 2 with diazotised primary aromatic amines afforded coupling products which were cyclised to the hydrazothiazolonylpyridazine derivatives 7. The reaction with aromatic aldehydes gave the his-ylidene derivatives 8. Structures are assigned based on elemental and spectroscopic analysis.