The inelastic neutron scattering spectrum of H3B:NH3 and the reproduction of its solid-state features by periodic DFT

The inelastic neutron scattering (INS) and periodic density functional theory (DFT) vibrational spectra of H3B:NH3 are reported to 1600 cm-1. The H3B:NH3 structural and INS features, specifically the reduced solid-state B:N dative bond length and the altered B:N stretching frequency, are reproduced by the periodic DFT calculations, placing the B:N stretching mode at 800 cm-1, in excellent agreement with experiment relative to previous nonperiodic theoretical treatments of this molecule.     

Vibrational investigation on FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra, IR intensity, Raman activity, peak resemblance, ideal estimation, standard deviation of computed frequencies analyses and electronic structure on 3-methyl-1,2-butadiene using HF and DFT (LSDA/B3LYP/B3PW91) calculations

FT-IR and FT-Raman (4000–100 cm⁻¹) spectral measurements of 3-methyl-1,2-butadiene (3M12B) have been attempted in the present work. Ab-initio HF and DFT (LSDA/B3LYP/B3PW91) calculations have been performed giving energies, optimized structures, harmonic vibrational frequencies, IR intensities and Raman activities. Complete vibrational assignments on the observed spectra are made with vibrational frequencies obtained by HF and DFT (LSDA/B3LYP/B3PW91) at 6-31G(d,p) and 6-311G(d,p) basis sets. The results of the calculations have been used to simulate IR and Raman spectra for the molecule that showed good agreement with the observed spectra. The potential energy distribution (PED) corresponding to each of the observed frequencies are calculated which confirms the reliability and precision of the assignment and analysis of the vibrational fundamentals modes. The oscillation of vibrational frequencies of butadiene due to the couple of methyl group is also discussed. A study on the electronic properties such as HOMO and LUMO energies, were performed by time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) approach. The calculated HOMO and LUMO energies show that charge transfer occurs within the molecule. The thermodynamic properties of the title compound at different temperatures reveal the correlations between standard heat capacities (C) standard entropies (S), and standard enthalpy changes (H).     

Inelastic neutron scattering and DFT study of 2-amino-3-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propane diol (TRIS)

We report an inelastic neutron scattering (INS) study of 2-amino-3-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propane diol (TRIS). The assignment of the experimental vibrational spectra measured using several incident neutrons’ energies on HRMECS spectrometer has been made by means of DFT calculations. To simulate crystal environment both molecular cluster and solid state models were used. The study has been completed by an alternative approach, molecular dynamics (MD) calculations, done at the same level of the DFT theory. The INS spectra calculated with the solid state models (normal mode analysis, and MD) gave a better fit of the experiment than the cluster model. On the other hand, the peaks between 650 and 850 cm⁻¹ in the experimental INS spectra assigned to OH torsional modes were reproduced better by the cluster calculations. The nature of the stretching frequency of unusually long O–H bond (1.012 Å) was interpreted by means of MD calculations. The interpretation of the spectrum below 100 cm⁻¹ was based on Fourier transform of the velocity autocorrelation function of centre of mass of a molecule of TRIS.     

Vibrational spectroscopy of N-phenylmaleimide

A combination of infrared, Raman and inelastic neutron scattering (INS) spectroscopies with density functional theory (DFT) calculations is used to provide a complete assignment of the vibrational spectra of N-phenylmaleimide and N-(perdeuterophenyl)maleimide. DFT is shown to give very good results for the frequencies and atomic displacements in the modes. These are used to generate INS spectra which are excellent agreement with the observed. The calculated infrared and Raman spectra are much less reliable, although this may be more of a presentation problem than a real failing.     

NIR surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy and bands assignment by DFT calculations of non-natural β-amino acids

FT-Raman and NIR surface-enhanced Raman (SER) spectroscopies have been applied to the vibrational characterization of non-natural β-amino acids, 3-amino-3-(furan-2yl)-propionic acid and 3-amino-3-[(5-benzothiazole-2yl)-furan-2yl]-propionic acid. Semiempirical and density-functional theory (DFT) calculations on both amino acids in their zwitterionic forms have been performed in order to find the optimized structure and to compute the vibrational spectra. The NIR SER spectra in silver hydrosol and Ag-coated filter paper have been recorded, compared and analyzed. Good SER spectra were obtained at the pH values where dipolar ion structures are present proving the chemisorption of β-amino acid molecules on the silver surface via positively charged group. The carboxylate anion of both β-amino acids are parallel oriented, whereas the plane of rings is oriented perpendicular to the silver surface.     

Inelastic neutron scattering and vibrational spectra of 2-(N-methyl-α-iminoethyl)-phenol and 2-(N-methyliminoethyl)-phenol: Experimental and theoretical approach

The infrared, Raman, and inelastic neutron scattering (INS) spectra of two ortho-hydroxy aryl Schiff’s bases, 2-(N-methyliminoethyl)-phenol and 2-(N-methyl-α-iminoethyl)-phenol, were recorded. Ab initio molecular orbital calculations employing the DFT (B3LYP) method with the 6-31G** basis set for both compounds were done. Assignments of vibrational modes within the 3500–50 cm⁻¹ spectral region were carried out. On the basis of the DFT calculations, four rotomers of 2-(N-methyl-α-iminoethyl)-phenol were analysed.     

Theoretical Study on the Structure and Vibrational Spectra for4-methyl-3-penten-2-one

The4-methyl-3-penten-2-oneisanimportanta,0-unsaturedketonemoleculeandanimportantligandoftheorganometalliccompounds.Untilnow,somepropertiesofphoto-chemistryandexcitedstateshavebeenexperimentallystudied'-#andconformationofthemoleculewerealsostudiedinexperiments"'.Standardinfraredgratingspectrumwasalsoobtainedin1970'.However,therearenodensityfunctionaltheory(DFT)calculationsofthismoleculeintheliterature.Recently,densityfunctionaltheoryhasbeenacceptedbytheahinitioquantumchemistrycommunityasacost…     

Ab initio and DFT studies of the vibrational spectra of benzofuran and some of its derivatives

The vibrational spectra of benzofuran and some of its derivatives have been systematically investigated by ab initio and density functional B3LYP methods. The harmonic vibrational wavenumbers and intensity of vibrational bands were calculated at ab initio and DFT levels invoking different basis sets up to 6-311++g**. Vibrational assignments have been made and it has been found that the calculated DFT frequencies agree well in most cases with the observed frequencies for each molecule. Conformational studies have also been carried out and it is evident from ab initio calculations that 2(3H) benzofuranone is more stable than 3(2H) benzofuranone in support to our earlier semiempirical results.     

Density functional theory (DFT) and DRIFTS investigations of the formation and adsorption of enolic species on the Ag/Al2O3 surface

Molecular structure and vibrational frequencies of the novel surface enolic species intermediate on Ag/Al2O3 have been investigated by means of density functional theory (DFT) calculations and in situ infrared spectroscopy. The geometrical structures and vibrational frequencies were obtained at the B3P86 levels of DFT and compared with the corresponding experimental values. Theoretical calculations show that the calculated IR spectra are in good agreement with the experimental spectroscopic results. In addition, the adsorption energy of enolic species on the Ag/Al2O3 catalyst surface was also evaluated. The reaction mechanism from C2H5OH to enolic species on Ag/Al2O3 catalyst was proposed.     

Density functional theory studies on the structures and vibrational spectra of 3,6-dichlorocarbazole and 3,6-dibromocarbazole

Becke 3-Lee-Yang-Parr density functional theory (DFT) calculations using 6-311G** and 6-311G(2df,p) basis sets were carried out to study molecular structures and vibrational spectra of 3,6-dichlorocarbazole and 3,6-dibromocarbazole. The optimized geometries, vibrational frequencies, IR intensities, and Raman activities have been obtained. On the basis of B3LYP calculations, a normal mode analysis was performed to assign the vibrational fundamental frequencies according to the potential energy distributions. The computational frequencies are in good agreement with the observed results.     

Vibrational analysis of 3-trifluoromethylphenol

The molecular geometry and molecular vibrations of 3-trifluoromethylphenol have been investigated by means of quantum chemical calculations and vibrational spectroscopy. The computations indicated the preference of the conformer with the OH hydrogen pointing in the direction of the trifluoromethyl group by 0.9 kJ/mol with respect to the anti conformer. FT-IR spectra of the vapour and CCl₄ solution as well as FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of the pure liquid have been recorded in the range of 4000–150 cm⁻¹. The interpretation of the spectra was based on a scaled quantum mechanical (SQM) analysis for which the initial force field was calculated at the Becke3-Lee-Yang-Parr (B3LYP) DFT level supplemented with a 6-311++G** basis set. Using 11 scale factors refined in the present study an rms deviation of 7.6 cm⁻¹ between the experimental and SQM frequencies has been achieved. On the basis of the computations 40 of the total of 42 fundamentals of the title compound have been assigned.     

Polymorphism of 2-nitroaniline studied by calorimetric (DSC), structural (X-ray diffraction) and spectroscopic (FT-IR, Raman, UV–Vis) methods

The separation and growth methods of three ortho-nitroaniline (o-NA) polymorphs were found. The irreversible character of the  → β and β → γ phase transitions was revealed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements and microscopic hot stage observations. The X-ray structure of the β-form was determined and compared with the γ phase structure solved by Daneshwar et al. [N.N. Daneshwar et al. Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B 34 (1978) 2507]. Intramolecular hydrogen bonding (intra H-bond) interactions are dominant in both structures. The IR and Raman spectral features of the solutions and of three polycrystalline o-NA polymorphs are specific for intramolecular resonance assisted H-bonds (RAHB’s). The DFT calculations facilitated the almost complete assignments of bands to normal vibrations and the analysis of the measured spectra. The manifestations of weak inter H-bonds in the β and γ crystals and in the vibrational spectra of all polymorphs are observed as well; the strongest inter H-bonds occur in the γ polymorph. The differences in lowest electronic transition energies of three , β and γ layers explain their different colours: the yellowish-green of the form and the orange ones of the β- and γ- phases. The least stable form is probably an amorphous one with the weakest inter H-bonds. The differences in relative orientations of the –NH₂, –NO₂ groups and phenyl rings in the β- and γ-phases indicate that the o-NA polymorphism has conformational character.     

A theoretical study of vibrational spectra of tetranitrate-methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside and 2,3-di-O-nitro-methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside

Coupled calculations were carried out of normal vibration frequencies from the point of view of the valence-force field scheme and of absolute IR band intensities by the CNDO/2 method for the tetranitrate-methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside molecule. A good agreement was achieved with the experiments. Normal coordinate analysis was made for 2,3-di-O-nitro-methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside molecule with force constants obtained for the tetra-nitrate-methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside. Before proceeding to the calculation of the spectra of such complex molecules of nitrates of monosaccharides, a complete experimental and theoretical investigation was performed of the vibrational spectra of methylnitrate, which made it possible to determine the deficit of force constants for the calculations of the spectra of nitrosubstituted glucopyranosides. Detailed interpretations of the observable IR spectra of both the nitro-glucopyranosides compounds considered are given. The absorption spectra sensitivity to the spot of the nitrate group localization was discovered. Special attention was focused on analyzing the spectra of nitrates of saccharides for the characteristic split of the band due to the asymmetric stretching vibrations of the ONO₂ groups in the region of 1600–1700 cm⁻¹.     

FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopic investigation, computed vibrational frequency analysis and IR intensity and Raman activity peak resemblance analysis on 2-nitroanisole using HF and DFT (B3LYP and B3PW91) calculations

Fourier-transform Raman and infrared spectra of 2-nitroanisole are recorded (4000-100 cm(-1)) and interpreted by comparison with respective theoretical spectra calculated using HF and DFT method. The geometrical parameters with C(S) symmetry, harmonic vibrational frequencies, infrared and Raman scattering intensities are determined using HF/6-311++G (d, p), B3LYP/6-311+G (d, p), B3LYP/6-311++G (d, p) and B3PW91/6-311++G (d, p) level of theories. A detailed vibrational spectral analysis has been carried out and assignments of the observed fundamental bands have been proposed on the basis of peak positions and relative intensities. The results of the calculations have been used to simulate IR and Raman spectra for the molecule that showed good agreement with the observed spectra. The SQM method, which implies multiple scaling of the DFT force fields has been shown superior to the uniform scaling approach. The vibrational frequencies and the infrared intensities of the C-H modes involved in back-donation and conjugation are also investigated.     

Density functional theory study on the identification of 3-[(2-morpholinoethylimino)methyl]benzene-1,2-diol

This study deals with the identification of a title compound, 3-[(2-morpholinoethylimino)methyl]benzene-1,2-diol by means of quantum chemical calculations. The optimized molecular structures, vibrational frequencies and corresponding vibrational assignments, thermodynamic properties, charge analyses, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectra of the title molecule in the ground state were evaluated using density functional theory (DFT) with the standard B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) method and basis set combination for the first time. Theoretical vibrational spectra of the title compound were interpreted with the aid of normal coordinate analysis based on scaled density functional force field. The results show that the obtained optimized geometric parameters (bond lengths, bond angles and bond dihedrals) and vibrational frequencies were observed to be in good agreement with the available experimental results. Moreover, the calculations of the electronic spectra, (13)C and (1)H chemical shifts were compared with the experimental ones. Furthermore, we not only simulated the frontier molecular orbitals (FMO) and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) but also determined the transition states and energy band gaps, as well. It was found that charge analyses supported the evidences of MEP. Infrared intensities and Raman activities were also reported.     

Vibrational spectroscopy for glycine adsorbed on silicon clusters: Harmonic and anharmonic calculations for models of the Si(1 0 0)-2 × 1 surface

The vibrational spectroscopy of a glycine molecule adsorbed on a silicon surface is studied computationally, using different clusters as models for the surface. Harmonic frequencies are computed using density functional theory (DFT) with the B3LYP functional. Anharmonic frequency calculations are carried out using vibrational self-consistent field (VSCF) algorithms on an improved PM3 potential energy surface. The results are compared with experiments on Glycine@Si(1 0 0)-2 × 1.

The main findings are: (1) Agreement of the computed frequencies with experiment improves with cluster size. (2) The anharmonic calculations are generally in better agreement with experiment than the harmonic ones. The improvements due to anharmonicity are most significant for hydrogenic stretching. (3) An important part of the anharmonic effects is due to anharmonic coupling between different normal modes of the system. (4) The anharmonic coupling between glycine vibrational modes is much larger than the anharmonic coupling between glycine and “phonon” (cluster) modes.

Implications of the results for surface vibrational spectroscopy are discussed.     

Quantum chemical studies on structure of 1-3-dibromo-5-chlorobenzene

Molecular structure and vibrational frequencies of 1-3-dibromo-5-chlorobenzene (DBCB) have been investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations using Becke's three-parameter exchange functional combined with Lee–Yang–Parr correlation (B3LYP) and standard basis set 6-31G. DFT (B3LYP/6-31G) calculations have been performed giving energies, optimized structure, harmonic vibrational frequencies, IR intensities, and Raman activities. Raman and IR spectra of the DBCB were recorded and complete assignment of the observed vibrational bands of DBCB has been proposed. The predicted first-hyperpolarizability of DBCB is 1.221 × 10⁻³⁰ esu, which suggests that the title compound is an attractive object for future studies of non-linear optical properties. The impact of di-substituted halogens on the compound has also been discussed. Besides, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), HOMO–LUMO analysis and NBO analysis were performed at DFT level of theory The UV–vis spectral analysis of DBCB has also been done which confirms the charge transfer of the title compound.     

Simulation of IR and Raman spectral based on scaled DFT force fields: a case study of 2-amino 4-hydroxy 6-trifluoromethylpyrimidine, with emphasis on band assignment

This work deals with the vibrational spectroscopy of 2-amino 4-hydroxy 6-triflouromethylpyrimidine (AHFMP) by means of quantum chemical calculations. The mid and far FTIR and FT-Raman spectra were measured in the condensed state. The fundamental vibrational frequencies and intensity of vibrational bands were evaluated using density functional theory (DFT) with the standard B3LYP/6-31G* and B3LYP/6-311+G** method and basic set combinations. Normal co-ordinate calculations were performed with the DFT force field corrected by a recommended set of scaling factors yielding fairly good agreement between observed and calculated frequencies. Simulation of infrared and Raman spectra utilizing the results of these calculations led to excellent overall agreement with the observed spectral patterns. The SQM approach applying selective scaling of the DFT force field was shown to be superior to the uniform scaling method in its ability to allow for making modifications in the band assignment, resulting in more accurate simulation of IR and Raman Spectra.     

Vibrational spectra of [(CH3)3NH]3Sb2Cl9, [(CH3)3NH]3Bi2Cl9 and their mixed crystals

The IR and Raman spectra of [(CH₃)₃NH]₃Sb₂Cl₉ (A), [(CH₃)₃NH]₃Bi₂Cl₉ (B) and two of their mixed crystals containing respectively 33% (AB.33) and 42% Bi (AB.42) are analyzed and compared. A and AB.33 show ferroelectric–paraelectric phase transition at 364 K and 344 K, respectively. AB.42 and B are paraelectric in the temperature range between 90 and 365 K. Most of the vibrational modes show continuous changes, with the temperature, in the IR frequencies or intensities with no soft mode behavior. However, characteristic ν(NHCl) and δ(NHCl) vibrations of weakly hydrogen-bonded species are only observed in A and AB.33 below the temperature of the phase transition and are related to the ferroelectricity. The evolution of the IR spectra with the temperature suggests that the ferroelectric properties are connected with the reorientation of the cations which needs a breaking of the weak NHCl hydrogen bonds in the paraelectric phase.