含三氟甲基吡啶酰胺结构的N-氰基磺酰亚胺衍生物的合成及生物活性

采用活性亚结构拼接法,设计合成了系列新型含三氟甲基吡啶酰胺结构的N-氰基磺酰亚胺类衍生物,其结构经1H NMR、~(13)C NMR、~(19)F NMR和HRMS进行了表征.评估了它们对柑橘溃疡病菌(Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri)、烟草青枯病菌(Ralstoniasolanacearum)和水稻白叶枯病菌(Xanthomonasoryzaepv.oryzae)的杀菌活性及对小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella)的杀虫活性.结果表明,部分化合物表现出了良好的抗菌活性和中等的杀虫活性.其中,在200 mg/L质量浓度下,3-氯-(2-(N-氰基-S-(3,4-二氟苄基)磺酰亚胺酰基)乙基)-5-(三氟甲基)吡啶酰胺(G10)对柑橘溃疡病菌、烟草青枯病菌和水稻白叶枯病菌的抑制率分别为67%、53%和48%,3-氯-(2-(N-氰基-S-(2,5-二氟苄基)磺酰亚胺酰基)乙基)-5-(三氟甲基)吡啶酰胺(G17)对柑橘溃疡病菌的抗菌活性为69%,(2-(S-(2-溴-4-氟苄基)-N-氰基磺酰亚胺基)乙基)-3-氯-5-(三氟甲基)吡啶酰胺(G14)对水稻白叶枯病菌的抑制率为49%.在100 mg/L时,(2-(S-(4-溴-2-氟苄基)-N-氰基磺酰亚胺基)乙基)-3-氯-5-(三氟甲基)吡啶酰胺(G1)、3-氯-(2-(N-氰基-S-(3-氟苄基)磺酰亚胺基)乙基)-5-(三氟甲基)吡啶酰胺(G7)、3-氯-(2-(N-氰基-S-(2,4-二氟苄基)磺酰亚胺酰基)乙基)-5-(三氟甲基)吡啶酰胺(G8)和G10也有中等的杀菌活性,在测试浓度下,部分化合物的活性略高于对照药剂或与之相当.此外,在500mg/L时,化合物G10和3-氯-(2-(N-氰基-S-(4-异丙基苄基)磺酰亚胺基)乙基)-5-(三氟甲基)吡啶酰胺(G11)对小菜蛾的致死率分别为77%和70%.     

C6FmH6－m (m＝1～6)结构及芳香性的理论研究

运用密度泛函理论方法B3LYP, 选取6-31G(d,p)和6-31G(d)两种基组对C₆F_mH_{6－ m}(m＝1～6)进行了几何优化, 并对优化结构运用B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)方法进行了键能计算, 选用B3LYP-GIAO/6-31＋＋G(d,p)方法进行核无关化学位移(Nucleus-Independent Chemical Shifts, NICS)的计算. 研究表明, 所研究的氟代苯的基态均呈平面几何结构, 6-31G(d,p)基组计算的键长、键角的结果与实验值更加吻合, 其芳香性都较苯的大, 且随取代F数目的增加而增大. 用NBO对分子总NICS及各键对NICS的贡献进行了分解, 结果显示, 氟的p_z孤对电子参与六元环π键的形成是使氟代苯分子芳香性变大的主要原因.     

4-乙酰基-1,3-二氟苯硝化反应机理研究

以4-氨基-1,3-二氟苯、乙酸酐和浓硝酸等为原料,合成了4-乙酰基-5-硝基-1,3-二氟苯,并且采用FTIR和1H NMR对产物进行了表征.采用量子化学方法,探讨了在酸催化条件下4-乙酰基-1,3-二氟苯硝化反应过程中的微观机理,在密度泛函理论的B3LYP/6-311G**水平下搜索得到反应路径,并对各中间体、过渡态和产物进行几何优化、振动频率分析和标准热力学函数计算;反应路径经过IRC验证.在MP2/6-311G**水平上对所有中间体、过渡态和产物进行更精确的能量计算.     

氟取代三(8-羟基喹啉)铝衍生物电子结构、电子光谱的量子化学研究: 实现蓝色发光的途径

采用Gaussian 03程序包和密度泛函理论(DFT)B3LYP/6-31G方法, 研究了三(8-羟基喹啉)铝(Alq3)的3种氟代衍生物的电子结构与电子光谱, 讨论了氟原子在不同位置取代对Alq3的前线轨道、HOMO-LUMO能隙以及电子光谱的影响, 发现氟取代使Alq3的前线轨道能级降低, 在6位碳上氟代的Alq3的HOMO-LUMO能隙变大, 吸收和发射光谱发生蓝移, 而在5和7位碳上氟代的Alq3能隙变小, 吸收和发射光谱发生红移. 理论模拟结果与实验事实基本吻合, 证明在Alq3分子的合适位置进行化学修饰可实现蓝色发光.     

4(3H)-嘧啶酮及其类似物互变异构的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论,在B3LYP/6-311G**基组水平上,计算并考察了4(3H)-嘧啶酮及其类似物(5-氟-4(3H)-嘧啶酮、4-巯基嘧啶和5-氟-4-巯基嘧啶)醇式结构和酮式结构进行结构互变质子迁移过程中的2种可能途径:(a)分子内质子迁移;(b)水助质子迁移.计算结果表明,途经b所需要的活化能较小.研究还表明,氢键在降低反应活化能方面起着重要的作用.     

氟代乙烯阳离子的理论研究

用B3LYP和MP2方法及6-31G(d, p)、6-31＋G(d, p)、6-311G(d, p)和6-311＋G(d, p) 基组，对六种氟代乙烯阳离子做了理论研究，优化了它们的基电子态的结构，计算了对应分子的垂直电离势（VIP）和绝热电离势(AIP).结果表明，与具有非平面结构的乙烯阳离子不同，六种氟代乙烯阳离子都只具有平面结构；与分子结构相比，离子结构的C－C键增长， C－F键缩短， CCF键角变小. 自然布居分析计算表明，这些离子的正电荷主要分布在与F原子相连的C原子和各H原子上. B3LYP/6-311＋G(d, p) 级别上计算的各分子的VIP和AIP值和实验值符合得很好. 使用含弥散基函数的基集可以明显提高这类分子的电离势的计算精度.     

氟取代噻咯衍生物结构和光电性能的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论在B3LYP/6-31G(d)水平上计算了1,1-二甲基-2,3,4,5-四苯基噻咯(PSP)及其8种氟取代衍生物的几何结构与光电性质. 计算结果表明, 2,5位苯基上氟取代对PSP结构和光电性质的影响主要由氟原子的取代位置决定, 而取代基个数的增加能加强相关影响. 苯基上邻对位氟取代对分子构型影响较大, 导致HOMO-LUMO能隙增大, 光谱显著蓝移; 而间位氟取代显示诱导作用突出, 使2,5位侧链吸电子能力增强, 同时LUMO能级降低, 电子亲和势增大更有利于电子的注入.     

CH3F与C2H3反应机理的理论研究

采用密度泛函B3LYP/6-311G(d,p)方法对CH3F与C2H3的反应体系进行了理论研究,获得了反应的势能面信息及可能的微观机理.在QCISD(T)/6-311++G(d,p)水平上精确计算了各反应物种的单点能.结果表明,除抽提氢反应外,标题反应还存在抽提氟(R1)、消氟化氢(R2)、消氢(R3)和自由基形成(R4)四类反应.在QCISD(T)/6-311++G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-311G(d,p)水平上,R1,R2,R3和R4反应的能垒分别是163.9,152.2,209.8和224.2kJ·mol-1,相应反应能为-56.6,-164.3,-2.7和-156.0kJ·mol-1,所有反应均放热,为热力学允许的反应.     

8-（3-或4-氟苯甲酰基）-7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素的合成、晶体结构、抑菌活性、抗氧化活性及其与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用

设计并合成了两个新的氟代香豆素化合物8-（3-氟苯甲酰基）-7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素（3a）和8-（4-氟苯甲酰基）-7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素（3b）,其结构通过元素分析、IR和1HNMR进行了表征,通过X-射线单晶衍射测定了化合物3b的晶体结构,单晶结构分析表明,化合物3b的晶体属于单斜晶系.体外抑菌试验结果显示,目标化合物对大肠杆菌（E.coli）、枯草杆菌（B.subtilis）和金色葡萄球菌（S.aureus）有不同程度的抑制作用;体外抗氧化实验显示,目标化合物对超氧阴离子自由基（O2-·）和二苯代苦味肼基自由基（DPPH·）均有良好的清除能力;运用荧光光谱法研究了不同温度下目标化合物与牛血清白蛋白（BSA）的相互作用,结果表明,目标化合物对BSA的荧光猝灭均属于静态猝灭,相关热力学参数表明,化合物3a（H〈0,S〈0,G〈0）与BSA二者之间主要以氢键或范德华力相结合,化合物3b（H〉0,S〉0,G〈0）与BSA二者之间主要靠疏水作用力相结合;依据Fster＇s非辐射能量转移理论,求得BSA与化合物3a和化合物3b间的距离（r）分别为2.53和2.65nm,说明两个化合物与BSA之间可能发生了非辐射能量转移.     

2，4-二氟戍烷的构象与能量的理论研究

在MP2／6—311 G^**和G3水平下，对2，4-二氟戊烷异构体的构象进行几何优化和能量计算．氟的强电负效应使构型发生偏转，同时导致了相隔超过3个键的原子间的电子相互作用．     

乳腺癌术前灰阶超声与彩色多普勒超声联合应用对预后的预测价值

目的探究乳腺癌术前灰阶超声与彩色多普勒超声联合应用对预后的预测价值。方法选取温州医科大学附属第一医院2013年5月—2015年5月期间收治的乳腺癌患者83例,治疗前均行灰阶超声与彩色多普勒超声检查,分析患者超声检查结果、临床征象与术后随访2年期间患者预后的关系,从而分析术前灰阶超声与彩色多普勒超声联合应用对乳腺癌患者预后的预测价值。结果乳腺癌肿块边界清晰、边界不清晰、边界恶性晕的患者2年无瘤生存率依次降低,边界恶性晕与边界不清晰患者死亡率均显著高于边界清晰患者(P0.05);肿瘤≥2 cm患者2年无瘤生存率显著低于2 cm患者;淋巴结转移患者2年无瘤生存率显著低于无转移患者(P0.05);血流分级Ⅱ级患者2年无瘤生存率明显低于0级(P0.05),Ⅲ级患者2年无瘤生存率显著低于0级和Ⅰ级(P0.05)。结论乳腺癌患者术前联合应用灰阶超声与彩色多普勒超声检查可确定肿瘤边界、大小及淋巴转移等征象,其与患者无瘤生存率、死亡率等预后指标密切相关,可作为预测乳腺癌患者预后的重要方法。     

N-去甲万古霉素的亲和吸附

通过交联聚丙烯酸甲酯与乙醇胺反应,形成聚(N-羟乙基丙烯酰胺)树脂,在酸催化作用下与环氧氯丙烷反应,形成含有α-羟基氯乙基的树脂.含α-羟基氯乙基的树脂与D-丙氨酸、L-丙氨酸或甘氨酸反应,分别得到含有这3种氨基酸的吸附剂.这3种吸附剂吸附N-去甲万古霉素的结果表明,含D-丙氨酸的吸附剂的吸附量最大,含甘氨酸的吸附剂的吸附量次之,而含L-丙氨酸的吸附剂不吸附N-去万古霉素.说明前两种吸附剂对N-去甲万古霉素存在亲和吸附作用.含D-丙氨酸吸附剂的最佳吸附pH值为5.8,当吸附液中的盐(NaCl)浓度增加时,吸附量降低.用0.4mol/LNa₂CO₃/CH₃CN(摩尔比7∶3,pH=9.5)作为洗脱剂可完全脱附被吸附的N-去甲万古霉素.     

表面等离子体子共振传感器用于研究不同材质包裹的磁性纳米粒子性质

利用自行设计组装的以白色发光二极管为光源的表面等离子体子共振传感器实验装置, 检测了不同材质包裹的磁性纳米粒子连接靶向DNA与生物素化DNA探针的结合程度. 结果表明, 与聚苯乙烯磁性微球连接的靶向DNA相比, Fe3O4@SiO2核壳式纳米微球连接的靶向DNA与生物素化的DNA探针结合速率较快, 且其相对标准偏差较小.     

金蒲抑瘤片在鼻咽癌的临床应用研究

为探讨鼻咽癌患者放疗期间合并应用金蒲抑瘤片治疗对细胞免疫功能及血中微量元素硒、锌、铜的影响，经病理证实鼻咽癌患者58例，随机分为放疗服药组30例和单纯放疗组28例。两组放疗前后抽静脉血测定T细胞亚群（CD3＋，CD4＋，CD8＋，CD4＋／CD8＋），血中微量元素硒，锌，铜并与30例健康者（正常对照组）进行比较。结果表明，鼻咽癌患者血中微量元素硒，锌，铜及CD3＋，CD4＋，CD4＋／CD8＋显著低于健康人，放疗期间合并应用金蒲抑瘤片治疗后血中微量元素硒，锌，铜及CD3＋，CD4＋，CD4＋／CD8＋较服药前显著升高。提示鼻咽癌患者细胞免疫功能低下，血中微量元素硒，锌，铜显著低于健康人。金蒲抑瘤片能提高鼻咽癌患者因中微量元素硒，锌，铜含量，使低下的细胞免疫功能迅速恢复。     

Comparison of electrothermal atomization diode laser Zeeman- and wavelength-modulated atomic absorption and coherent forward scattering spectrometry

Atomic absorption and coherent forward scattering spectrometry by using a near-infrared diode laser with and without Zeeman and wavelength modulation were carried out with graphite furnace electrothermal atomization. Analytical curves and limits of detection were compared. The magnetic field was modulated with 50 Hz, and the wavelength of the diode laser with 10 kHz. Coherent forward scattering was measured with crossed and slightly uncrossed polarizers. The results show that the detection limits of atomic absorption spectrometry are roughly the same as those of coherent forward scattering spectrometry with crossed polarizers. According to the theory with bright flicker noise limited laser sources the detection limits and linear ranges obtained with coherent forward scattering spectrometry with slightly uncrossed polarizers are significantly better than those obtained with crossed polarizers and with atomic absorption spectrometry. This is due to the fact that employing approaches of polarization spectroscopy reduce laser intensity fluctuations to their signal carried fractions.     

CRYSTALLIZATION OF BLENDS OF AN ASYMMETRIC POLY（OXYETHYLENE）-b-POLY（OXYBUTYLENE） BLOCK COPOLYMER WITH POLY（OXYBUTYLENE）

An oxyethylene/oxybutylene block copolymer with asymmetric volume fraction (E115B103) was blended with oxybutylene homopolymer (Bh) at different volume fractions of the block (φE). Crystallization behavior of the blends was studied and was compared with that of the blends from a symmetric block copolymer (E114B56). It was found that the crystallization temperature of E115B103/B28 blend is lower than that of the blends from symmetric block copolymer. For the blend with φE= 0.30 breakout crystallization with an Avrami exponent n ≈ 3.0 is observed. At φE = 0.22 the blend exhibits a variable crystallization behavior: confined crystallization with n ≈ 1.0 at lower crystallization temperatures but breakout crystallization at high crystallization temperatures. For the blend with φE = 0.14 and sphere morphology confined crystallization occurs at all crystallization temperatures studied. When compared with the blends from symmetric block copolymer, confined crystallization occurs more easily in the E115B103/B28 blends. The SAXS results agree with the isothermal crystallization kinetics. Deformation of the confined crystalline block is observed in the blend with φE = 0.14 and mixed lamellar and cylinder morphologies in the blend with φE = 0.22.     

卤代苯与水分子间作用的从头算

污染是科学家关注的热点问题,化学污染物是造成水污染的重要因素［１］．在水环境中,卤代苯是一类优先污染物（ｐｒｉｏｒｉｔｙｐｏｌｕｔａｎｔｓ）［２］．这类污染物毒性大,在环境中的半衰期长,美国环保局（ＥＰＡ）已经把它们列入优先污染物之列．Ｖｅｒｓｃｈｎ...     

Synthesis and copolymerization of new phosphorus‐containing acrylates

Two phosphorus‐containing acrylate monomers were synthesized from the reaction of ethyl α‐chloromethyl acrylate and t‐butyl α‐bromomethyl acrylate with triethyl phosphite. The selective hydrolysis of the ethyl ester monomer with trimethylsilyl bromide (TMSBr) gave a phosphonic acid monomer. The attempted bulk polymerizations of the monomers at 57–60 °C with 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) were unsuccessful; however, the monomers were copolymerized with methyl methacrylate (MMA) in bulk at 60 °C with AIBN. The resulting copolymers produced chars on burning, showing potential as flame‐retardant materials. Additionally, α‐(chloromethyl)acryloyl chloride (CMAC) was reacted with diethyl (hydroxymethyl)phosphonate to obtain a new monomer with identical ester and ether moieties. This monomer was hydrolyzed with TMSBr, homopolymerized, and copolymerized with MMA. The thermal stabilities of the copolymers increased with increasing amounts of the phosphonate monomer in the copolymers. A new route to highly reactive phosphorus‐containing acrylate monomers was developed. A new derivative of CMAC with mixed ester and ether groups was synthesized by substitution, first with diethyl (hydroxymethyl)phosphonate and then with sodium acetate. This monomer showed the highest reactivity and gave a crosslinked polymer. The incorporation of an ester group increased the rate of polymerization. The relative reactivities of the synthesized monomers in photopolymerizations were determined and compared with those of the other phosphorous‐containing acrylate monomers. Changing the monomer structure allowed control of the polymerization reactivity so that new phosphorus‐containing polymers with desirable properties could be obtained. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 2207–2217, 2003     

Evidences of macromolecular chains confinement of ethylene–propylene copolymer in organophilic montmorillonite nanocomposites

A random ethylene–propylene copolymer (EPM) functionalized with grafted diethylsuccinate groups was melt blended with increasing amount (to 20 wt%) of organophilic montmorillonite (OMMT) to prepare nanocomposites with different morphologies as evidenced by XRD and TEM analysis. All the nanocomposites were treated with boiling toluene that did not extract a significant amount of EPM. The increase of not-extracted EPM with the increasing quantity of OMMT suggested strong interactions of the polymer chains with the inorganic substrate. The DSC measurements of nanocomposites and the corresponding insoluble residues revealed a higher T_g values with larger amount of inorganic particles. The dielectric relaxation analysis confirmed the evidence of strong interactions among montmorillonite and the polar diethylsuccinate groups for the macromolecules trapped due to the presence of the inorganic layers. The results were discussed with reference to their relevance as an evidence of nanoconfinement at polymer clay interface and correlated with the clay basal distance variation due to the intercalation process.     

Thin-layer chromatographic and high-performance thin-layer chromatographic ready-for-use layers with lipophilic modifications

Stable silica gel sorbents with aliphatic or aromatic groups are formed by chemical modifications of the silanol groups with special reactive silanes. Various lipophilic surface modifications on silica gels with varying pore structures are tested with regard to their chemical and physico-chemical characteristics, their wettability and their chromatographic retention data. The main problem in TLC is the preparation of abrasion-resistant layers on glass or on foils which meet the usual high standard of quality and are also suited for quantitative determinations. Thin-layer chromatography on reversed-phase layers can only be performed if the complete wettability of the lipophilic stationary phase in dry form is guaranteed by the mobile phase. Adsorption-chromatographic separations with lipophilic eluents and reversed-phase partition-chromatographic separations with hydrophilic eluents are performed, for example, with dyes, with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and with lipids. The great differences in selectivity caused by the various modifications of the sorbent and the varying eluent composition are remarkable. Ready-for-use layers with lipophilic surface modifications complement the existing range of pre-coated layers and thus widen the application of TLC and HPTLC considerably.