火试金法测定铅冶炼渣中的金、银含量

建立了铅冶炼渣中的金银含量的测定方法,采用火试金法富集铅冶炼渣中的金、银,铅扣经灰吹后,形成金银合粒,合粒中除有金银外,还残留微量的铅铋杂质,合粒经硝酸分金后,实现金银分离,得到金粒和分金溶液。合粒中杂质保留在分金溶液中,分金溶液经酸处理,采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法测定其中杂质量和微量的金量。金粒质量补正分金溶液中微量金量即为样品中的金量,合粒质量减去金粒质量和杂质量即为银量。ICP-OES法测定杂质解决了合粒中铅铋残留和分金失误造成微量金进入分金溶液现象。方法精密度较好,加标回收率分别为银98.6%～100%,金96.2%～102%。方法准确、方便、快捷,能很好地满足铅冶炼渣中金、银含量的测定。     

火试金法测定铅冶炼渣中的金、银含量

建立了铅冶炼渣中的金银含量的测定方法,采用火试金法富集铅冶炼渣中的金、银,铅扣经灰吹后,形成金银合粒,合粒中除有金银外,还残留微量的铅铋杂质,合粒经硝酸分金后,实现金银分离,得到金粒和分金溶液。合粒中杂质保留在分金溶液中,分金溶液经酸处理,采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法测定其中杂质量和微量的金量。金粒质量补正分金溶液中微量金量即为样品中的金量,合粒质量减去金粒质量和杂质量即为银量。ICP-OES法测定杂质解决了合粒中铅铋残留和分金失误造成微量金进入分金溶液现象。方法精密度较好,加标回收率分别为银98.6%～100%,金96.2%～102%。方法准确、方便、快捷,能很好地满足铅冶炼渣中金、银含量的测定。     

Determination of gold in silver, copper, lead, selenium and anode slime by atomic-absorption spectrometry

A simple and sensitive combined solvent-extraction and atomic-absorption spectrometric method has been developed for the determination of gold in silver, copper, lead, selenium and anode slime. Samples are decomposed with hydrochloric and nitric acids, and gold is extracted as the trioctylmethylammonium-gold bromide complex and determined by atomic-absorption spectrometry by direct spraying of the extract into the flame. Optimal conditions for the extraction and determination of gold have been established. As little as 0.5 mug of gold in a sample can be determined. The extraction of gold from hydrochloric or hydrobromic acid solution with trioctylamine or trioctylmethylammonium chloride (or bromide) has also been investigated.     

A new procedure for the wet chemical analysis of the lead—noble metals button

Thiobarbituric acid can be used as a group precipitant for the recovery of Pt, Pd, Rh and Au from the lead perchlorate—perchloric acid solution, obtained after the lead—noble metals button has been parted with perchloric acid. By integration of this procedure with the recovery of Ir, Ru and Os from the parting residue, a scheme is evolved which makes possible the determination of all the platinum metals and gold from a single button. The results of analyses of various platiniferous materials by the proposed lead—wet method and the classical lead-cupellation method are compared.     

A fire-assay and wet chemical method for the determination of palladium, platinum, gold, and silver in ores and concentrates

A method is presented for the determination of palladium, platinum, gold and silver in ores and concentrates by a fire-assay and wet chemical technique. After parting of the lead assay button with dilute nitric acid, and separation of the solution from the residue, the palladium and platinum in the solution are precipitated by the addition of stannous chloride, with tellurium as collector. The resulting precipitate is combined with the gold residue and dissolved in aqua regia, then the solution is analysed for palladium, platinum and gold by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Silver is determined in the original solution by AAS before the reduction step.     

火试金重量法与AAS湿法结合测定砂金矿中金的含量

砂金矿中二氧化硅和金的含量较高,本文用传统的火试金重量法与AAS湿法相结合来测定砂金矿中的金含量,用以得到较为精确的结果。本文用科学的配料方法,调节好熔渣的硅酸度,得到品质更好的熔渣与铅扣。再通过二次补正收集分散在熔渣中的金,之后进行三次补正收集灰皿中残留的金含量,然后用原子吸收光谱—AAS湿法测定三次补正得到的金银合粒与分金液中金的含量,从而得到更精确的结果。此方法操作简便、适用性广、精密度与准确度较高。通过加标测试此方法金的回收率在99.2%～100.3% 之间,金的相对标准偏差(RSD)在0.24%～0.6%之间。     

火试金-重量法测定阳极铜中的金和银

阳极铜是铜电解过程的重要产品,其中含有一定量的金、银等贵金属,快速准确地测定阳极铜中的贵金属含量,具有重要的现实意义。采用火试金重量法可以同时且快速地测定出样品中的金量和银量,试样与适量的熔剂经高温熔融,铅将金、银富集起来形成铅扣,灰吹得到金、银合粒,用硝酸分金,重量法测得金量;用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法测定分金液中的杂质量和金量,合粒质量减去金量及杂质量即为银量。此方法精密度好,准确度高。金、银的加标回收率在97.6%~102%,可以很好地满足阳极铜中金、银含量的测定。     

Catalytic Oxidation of Ascorbic Acid on 2D and 3D Monolayers of 4‐Hydroxythiophenol

Monolayers of 4‐hydroxythiophenol (4‐HTP) immobilized on gold electrode (2D SAMs) or gold nanoclusters (3D SAMs) lead to catalytic oxidation of ascorbic acid (AA). The catalytic role of the modified clusters was revealed by comparing the electrodes covered by 1,9‐nonanedithiol and the same nonanedithiol monolayer decorated by 4‐HTP protected clusters. The 4‐HTP protected gold nanoclusters supported on a metal surface using a monolayer of 1,9‐nonanedithiol as the bridge, transferred charge to ascorbic acid (AA) molecule in the solution more efficiently than when the same 4‐HTP monolayer was formed directly on the gold electrode.     

The influence of the surface preparation on the electrodeposition of gold particles on silicon

In a systematical study of the electrodeposition of gold (I) on silicon (100), the influence of the surface preparation on the nucleation behavior of gold was investigated. A two-phase experimental design was used. In the first phase, it was investigated whether there is an influence; in the second phase, an optimization was performed. It was found that more homogeneous particle coverages and higher particle densities can be obtained when the surface is dipped in an acid fluoride solution with small nitric acid to hydrogen fluoride proportions. Furthermore, the observations indicated that more negative deposition potentials also lead to better coverages, higher densities, and less clustering.     

Spectrophotometric Label-Free Determination of Lead Using Thiol-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles

A method for the determination of lead is described using thiol-functionalized gold nanoparticle. The detection method is based on the prevention of thiol-induced aggregation of gold nanoparticles by lead. Among six thiols, e.g., 4-mercapto-1-butanol, meso-2, 3-dimercaptosuccinic acid, mercaptosuccinic acid, 6-mercapto-1-hexanol, 4-(methylthio)-1-butanol, 1-propanethiol, four (4-mercapto-1-butanol, 6-mercapto-1-hexanol, 4-(methylthio)-1-butanol and 1-propanethiol) induced the aggregation of the gold nanoparticles which was measured by the change in absorbance at 520 and 650?nm. Prior incubation of the gold nanoparticles with lead decreased the 4-(methylthio)-1-butanol-induced aggregation of gold nanoparticles in a dose-dependent manner. A linear inverse relationship between the logarithmic concentration of lead and the ratio of absorbance at 650 to 520 was noted. The method has a dynamic range from 10?nM to 100?µM. However, metals such as mercury and chromium were more effective in comparison with lead in preventing the 4-methylthio-1-butanol-induced aggregation of gold nanoparticles. The method can be used for assessing the heavy metal load in water samples.     

Analysis of tellurides of lead and tin by automatic titrations

An analytical method based on automatic potentiometric EDTA and redox titrations was developed for the analysis of tellurides of lead and tin.First, the sum of lead and tin is titrated at pH 4.5 by adding a known excess of EDTA and back-titrating with a standard lead solution. After addition of ammonium fluoride to mask the tin, the EDTA released from the Sn-EDTA complex is titrated with standard lead solution. Alternatively, after the determination of total lead and tin, lead may be determined by back-titration with standard lead on a separate sample aliquot using tartaric acid to mask the tin. Tellurium is separated as tellurous acid, which is then dissolved in a dilute sulfuric acid solution and oxidized by permanganate at room temperature; the excess permanganate is back-titrated with iron(II) solution automatically. This titration may also be used to determine tellurium in the presence of lead and tin after treatment with perchloric acid. Accuracies of 0.1-0.2% can be obtained.     

乙酸除铋火试金法测定粗铋中的金银含量

建立了用乙酸分离粗铋中铋-火试金重量法测定粗铋中金和银含量的方法。首先把粗铋焙烧氧化,然后用乙酸溶解粗铋的氧化物,过滤除去铋,消除铋对火试金法的干扰,将沉淀物灰化后,配料、高温熔融,熔态的金属铅捕集试样中的贵金属形成铅扣,将铅扣灰吹,得到金银合粒,用硝酸溶解分离金,用重量法测定金含量。方法准确度高,精密度好,金的加标回收率为99.2%～101%,银的加标回收率为98.2%～99.7%。能很好地满足粗铋中金、银的测定。     

火试金-重量法测定铜硫矿中的金和银

针对铜硫矿中铜含量较高的特性,建立了适合该试样的配料比、高温熔融,金、银与铅形成合金,利用其比重悬殊与熔渣分离,将铅扣灰吹得金、银合粒,用硝酸分金,用重量法测定金量,用容量法测定银量。方法的相对标准偏差0.66%~4.8%,加标回收率96.5%~100.6%,方法准确度高、精密度好,可应用于生产及贸易结算中。     

Substoichiometric determination of traces of gold by radioactive isotope-dilution analysis

A radioactive isotope-dilution method for the determination of traces of gold has been developed. It is based on the solvent extraction of gold diethyldithiocarbamate from 0-5N sulphuric acid containing ascorbic acid, by means of a substoichiometric amount of zinc diethyldithiocarbamate in chloroform. The separation has been applied to the analysis of gold-doped semiconductor-grade silicon and of gold-bearing ores. Amounts of gold down to 5 x 10(-7)g 20 ml of test solution can be determined.     

Chelating ion-exchangers containing n-substituted hydroxylamine functional groups: Part 6. Sorption and separation of gold and silver by a polyhydroxamic acid

The sorption and desorption characteristics of gold and silver on a polyhydroxamic acid chelating resin are described. Gold is quantitatively sorbed from 0.5 M nitric acid or neutral solutions, and readily eluted with 0.5% ($\text{w}\text{v}$) potassium cyanide solution. Silver is removed from 0.05 M nitric acid or neutral solutions, and can be eluted with the cyanide solution or with 0.5 M nitric acid. Gold can be quantitatively separated from copper, iron and silver; gold and silver are sorbed from dilute cyanide solutions. Tests with river water and other eluting systems are reported.     

PVP 稳定的纳米 Au 溶胶对葡萄糖液相选择氧化的催化性能

 采用化学还原法制备了聚乙烯吡咯烷酮 (PVP) 稳定的纳米 Au 溶胶, 这种 Au 溶胶在葡萄糖空气氧化制葡萄糖酸反应中具有良好的催化性能. 考察了 PVP 加入量和氯金酸前驱液的浓度对反应活性的影响. 紫外-可见吸收光谱和透射电镜分析结果表明, 含有较小 Au 粒子的 Au 溶胶体系具有较高的催化活性. 当 PVP/Au 质量比为 40, 氯金酸浓度为100 μg/ml 时, 得到稳定的 Au 溶胶体系具有金粒子尺寸小、分布均匀的特点, 对葡萄糖氧化反应活性高, 葡萄糖的转化率达到 54.4%.     

Fire-assay collection of gold and silver by copper

Gold and silver are very effectively collected in copper after fire-assay fusion at 1200 degrees . The resultant copper button is dissolved in perchloric acid and the parting solution is diluted with an equal volume of water. Both gold and silver are precipitated in the copper perchlorate medium by reduction with formic acid or hydroquinone. The two noble metals are collected, dissolved in acids, and determined by atomic-absorption spectrometry. The proposed procedure is simple, relatively rapid, and has been successfully applied to ores, concentrates, furnace products, and copper alloys. Recoveries compare favourably with those obtained by the classical lead cupellation method.     

The role of colloid formation,imidization, and aggregation in the structure of BTDA-ODA polyimide films modified with gold

High-temperature polyimide films with metallic gold surfaces can be fabricated by the incorporation of a soluble metal salt into a solution of polyamic acid. Thermal treatment of these solutions produces the polyimide, decomposes the metal salt to metallic gold, and promotes the formation and growth of the metallized surface. What appeared to be a continuous metallic surface was actually composed of large gold aggregates. It is suspected that the formation of colloidal gold during the initial thermal treatment provides precursors to the large metal aggregates. Thermal treatment has been shown to influence the size and distribution of the aggregates. The shape of the aggregates suggests that diffusion-limited aggregation may be responsible for the unique shape of some of the gold aggregates.     

The determination of losses in the fire assay of gold: Part I. Cupellation and parting losses

The losses in the cupellation and parting procedures of the fire assay for gold were evaluated with simulated buttons of lead foil. Variation in weight of lead, silver-gold ratio, and cupel size did not affect gold losses. Removal of cupel material from the bead increased the gold loss. Flattening the bead and increasing the parting acid strength reduced the gold losses somewhat. No evidence of losses by volatilization was observed.     

Determination of antimony in ores and related materials by continuous hydride-generation atomic-absorption spectrometry after separation by xanthate extraction

A continuous hydride-generation atomic-absorption spectrometric method for determining approximately 0.02 mug/g or more of antimony in ores, concentrates, rocks, soils and sediments is described. The method involves the reduction of antimony(V) to antimony(III) by heating with hypophosphorous acid in a 4.5M hydrochloric acid-tartaric acid medium and its separation by filtration, if necessary, from any elemental arsenic, selenium and tellurium produced during the reduction step. Antimony is subsequently separated from iron, lead, zinc, tin and various other elements by a single cyclohexane extraction of its xanthate complex from approximately 4.5M hydrochloric acid/0.2M sulphuric acid in the presence of ascorbic acid as a reluctant for iron(III). After the extract is washed, if necessary, with 10% hydrochloric acid-2% thiourea solution to remove co-extracted copper, followed by 4.5M hydrochloric acid to remove residual iron and other elements, antimony(III) in the extract is oxidized to antimony(V) with bromine solution in carbon tetrachloride and stripped into dilute sulphuric acid containing tartaric acid. Following the removal of bromine by evaporation of the solution, antimony(V) is reduced to antimony(III) with potassium iodide in approximately 3M hydrochloric acid and finally determined by hydride-generation atomic-absorption spectrometry at 217.8 nm with sodium borohydride as reluctant. Interference from platinum and palladium, which are partly co-extracted as xanthates under the proposed conditions, is eliminated by complexing them with thiosemicarbazide during the iodide reduction step. Interference from gold is avoided by using a 3M hydrochloric acid medium for the hydride-generation step. Under these conditions gold forms a stable iodide complex.