The convolution equation of Choquet and Deny on [IN]-groups

Let be a probability measure on a locally compact groupG. A real Borel functionf onG is called -harmonic if it satisfies the convolution equation *f=f. Given that isnonsingular with its translates, we show that the bounded -harmonic functions are constant on a class of groups including the almost connected [IN]-groups. If is nondegenerate and absolutely continuous, we solve the more general equation *= for positive measure on those groups which are metrizable and separable.Supported by Hong Kong RGC Earmarked Grant and CUHK Direct Grant     

On Ovals of Riemann Surfaces of Even Genera

Let X be a Riemann surface of genus g2. A symmetry of of X is an antiholomorphic involution acting of X. A classical theorem of Harnack states that the set Fix () of fixed points of is either emplty or it consists of g+1 disjoint simple closed curves called, following Hilberts terminology, the ovals of . A Riemann surface admitting a symmetry corresponds to a real algebraic curve and nonconjugate symmetries correspond to different real models of the curve. The number of ovals of the symmetry equals the number of connected components of the corresponding real model. It is well known that two symmetries of a Riemann surface of genus g have at most 2g+2 ovals, and the bound is attained for every genus and just for commuting symmetries. Natanzon showed that three and four nonconjugate symmetries of a Riemann surface of genus g have at most 2g+4 and 2g+8 ovals respectively, and these bounds are attained for every odd genus and for commuting symmetries. Natanzon found that a Riemann surface of genus g has at most 2( +1) nonconjugate symmetries and, again, this bound is attained for infinitely many of g. Recently we have showed that a Riemann surface of even genus g admits at most four symmetries. Our aim here is to show, using NEC groups and combinatorial methods, that three nonconjugate symmetries of a surface of even genus g has at most 2g+3 ovals and, surprisingly, if such a surface admits four nonconjugate symmetries then its total number of ovals does not exceed 2g+2. Furthermore, we show that this last bound is sharp for every even genus g and for surfaces with automorphism group D _n × Z₂, for each n dividing 2g.     

Taut Distance-Regular Graphs of Odd Diameter

Let denote a bipartite distance-regular graph with diameter D 4, valency k 3, and distinct eigenvalues ₀ > ₁ > ··· > _D. Let M denote the Bose-Mesner algebra of . For 0 i D, let E _i denote the primitive idempotent of M associated with _i . We refer to E ₀ and E _D as the trivial idempotents of M. Let E, F denote primitive idempotents of M. We say the pair E, F is taut whenever (i) E, F are nontrivial, and (ii) the entry-wise product E F is a linear combination of two distinct primitive idempotents of M. We show the pair E, F is taut if and only if there exist real scalars , such that _{i + 1 i + 1} – _{i – 1 i – 1} = _i ( _{i + 1} – _{i – 1}) + _i ( _{i + 1} – _{i – 1}) + (1 i D – 1)where ₀, ₁, ..., _D and ₀, ₁, ..., _D denote the cosine sequences of E, F, respectively. We define to be taut whenever has at least one taut pair of primitive idempotents but is not 2-homogeneous in the sense of Nomura and Curtin. Assume is taut and D is odd, and assume the pair E, F is taut. We show

Sum of Divisors in a Ring of Gaussian Integers

We construct an asymptotic formula for a sum function for _a (), where _a () is the sum of the ath powers of the norms of divisors of the Gaussian integer on an arithmetic progression ₀ (mod ) and in a narrow sector ₁ arg < ₂. For this purpose, we use a representation of _a (n) in the form of a series in the Ramanujan sums.     

Subgroups of the general symplectic group containing the group of diagonal matrices

There are described the subgroups of the general symplectic group =GSp(2n, R) over a commutative semilocal ring R, containing the group of symplectic diagonal matrices. For each such subgroup P there is uniquely defined a symplectic D-net a such that ()pN(), where () is the net subgroup in corresponding to (cf. RZhMat, 1977, 5A288), and N() is its normalizer. The quotient group N × ()/() is calculated. There are also considered subgroups in Sp(2n, R). Analogous results for subgroups of the general linear group were obtained earlier in RZhMat, 1978, 9A237.Translated from Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov Leningradskogo Otdeleniya Matematicheskogo Instituta im. V. A. Steklova AN SSSR, Vol. 103, pp. 31–47, 1980.     

Subgroups of the full linear group over a Dedekind ring

We study the subgroups of the full linear group GL(n, R) over a Dedekind ring R that contain the group of quasidiagonal matrices of fixed type with diagonal blocks of at least third order, each of which is generated by elementary matrices. For any such subgroup H there exists a unique D-net of ideals of R such that, where E() is the subgroup generated by all transvections of the net subgroup G(). and is the normalizer of G(). The subgroup E() is normal in. To study the factor group we introduce an intermediate subgroup F(), E() F() G(). The group is finite and is connected with permutations in the symmetric group. The factor group G()/F() is Abelian — these are the values of a certain determinant. In the calculation of F()/E() appears the SK₁-functor. Results are stated without proof.Translated from Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov Leningradskogo Otdeleniya Matematicheskogo Instituta im. V. A. Steklova AN SSSR, Vol. 94, pp. 13–20, 1979.     

On the On-line Number of Snacks Problem

In the number of snacks problem (NSP), which was originally proposed by our team, an on-line player is given the task of deciding how many shares of snacks his noshery should prepare each day. The on-line player must make his decision and then finish the preparation before the customers come to his noshery for the snacks; in other words, he must make decision in an on-line fashion. His goal is to minimize the competitive ratio, defined as _: C_A()/C_OPT(), where denotes a sequence of numbers of customers, C _OPT() is the cost of satisfying by an optimal off-line algorithm, and C _A() is the cost of satisfying by an on-line algorithm. In this paper we give a competitive algorithm for on-line number of snacks problem P1, the Extreme Numbers Harmonic Algorithm(ENHA), with competitive ratio 1+p(M-m)/(M+m), where M and m are two extreme numbers of customers over the total period of the game, and p is a ratio concerning the cost of the two types of situations, and then prove that this competitive ratio is the best one if an on-line player chooses a fixed number of shares of snacks for any sequence of numbers of customers. We also discuss several variants of the NSP and give some results for it. Finally, we propose a conjecture for the on-line NSP.     

On the concentration of stresses due to a small elliptic inclusion on the neutral axis of a deep beam under constant bending moment

Zusammenfassung Es wird die Spannungsverteilung untersucht, die sich in einem breiten Balken mit konstanter Höhe unter einem konstanten Biegemoment ausbildet, wenn er eine kleine elliptische Einschliessung mit Zentrum auf der Neutralachse enthält. Insbesondere werden die Fälle eines sehr starren Einschlusses sowie eines elliptischen Loches im Detail diskutiert.

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Nomenclature x, y Cartesian coordinates - , elliptic coordinates - u, v (u ,u )=components of displacements - , unit elongations in -and -directions - shearing strain - , normal stress components in elliptical coordinates - shearing stress in elliptic coordinates - _x , _y normal stress in Cartesian coordinates - _xy shearing stress in Cartesian coordinates - E Young's modulus for the beam - v Poisson's ratio for the beam - 1/h ₁, 1/h ₂ stretch ratios - e _x + _y dilatation - 2 rotation - M bending moment     

The Parametric Buffer Phenomenon for a Singularly Perturbed Telegraph Equation with a Pendulum Nonlinearity

We consider the boundary-value problem u _tt + u _t + (1 + cos2)sin u =² u _xx, u _x|_x=0=u_x|_x==0, where 0<1, =(1+)t, ,> 0, and the sign of is arbitrary. It is proved that for an appropriate choice of the external parameters and and for sufficiently small the number of exponentially stable solutions 2-periodic in can be made equal to an arbitrary predefined number.     

Monotonic subsequences in permutations of n natural numbers

Let S_n be the set of all permutations of the numbers 1, 2,..., n, and letl _n() be the number of terms in the maximal monotonic subsequence contained in S_n. If M[l _n()] is the mean value ofl _n () on S_n, then, for all except a finite number of n, the bound M[l _n()] e n is valid.Translated from Matematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 511–514, April, 1973.The author wishes to thank E. M. Nikishin for having posed the problem and for his constant interest in the work.     

More projective geometry associated with unramified double covers of curves of genus four

Sunto Sia : YY un rivestimento doppio non diramato di una curva di genere quattro definita su C e a moduli generali. Sia il punto di 2-divisione associate a . In questa nota si studia il sistema 2 delle quardriche di contatto al modello canonico di Y, associato al dato rivestimento.e si esplicita una biezione tra l'insieme delle theta-caratteristiche dispari di Y che diffeiscono per e l'insieme dell theta caratteristiche dispari dell curve di genere tre la cui Jacobiana e isomorfa (come v.a.p.p.) alla varieta di Prym P(f Y Y)     

Subgroups of the full linear group over a semilocal ring

Let be a semilocal ring (a factor ring with respect to the Jacobson-Artin radical) for which the residue field C/m of its center C with respect to each maximal idealmC contains no fewer than seven elements. The structure of subgroups H in the full linear group GL(n, ) containing the group of diagonal matrices is considered. The main theorem: for any subgroup H there is a uniquely determined D-net of ideals such that G()HN(), whereN() is the normalizer of the D-net subgroup . A transparent classification of subgroups GL(n, ) normalizable by diagonal matrices is thus obtained. Further, the factor groupN()/G() is studied.Translated from Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov Leningradskogo Otdeleniya Matematicheskogo Instituta im. V. A. Steklova AN SSSR, Vol. 75, pp. 32–34, 1978.     

Noncommutative Valuation Rings of the Quotient Artinian Ring of a Skew Polynomial Ring

Let R be a Dubrovin valuation ring of a simple Artinian ring Q and let Q[X,] be the skew polynomial ring over Q in an indeterminate X, where is an automorphism of Q. Consider the natural map from Q[X,]_XQ[X,] to Q, where Q[X,]_XQ[X,] is the localization of Q[X,] at the maximal ideal XQ[X,] and set , the complete inverse image of R by . It is shown that is a Dubrovin valuation ring of Q(X,) (the quotient ring of Q[X,]) and it is characterized in terms of X and Q. In the case where R is an invariant valuation ring, the given automorphism is classified into five types, in order to study the structure of (the value group of ). It is shown that there is a commutative valuation ring R with automorphism which belongs to each type and which makes Abelian or non-Abelian. Furthermore, some examples are used to show that several ideal-theoretic properties of a Dubrovin valuation ring of Q with finite dimension over its center, do not necessarily hold in the case where Q is infinite-dimensional. Presented by A. VerschorenMathematics Subject Classifications (2000) 16L99, 16S36, 16W60.     

Sequential estimation of a parameter of an exponential distribution

We consider the problem of minimum risk point estimation for the parameter =a+b of the exponential distribution with unknown location parameter and scale parameter when the loss function is squared error plus linear cost. In this paper, we propose a sequential estimator of and show that the associated risk is asymptotically one cost less than that given by Ghosh and Mukhopadhyay (1989,South African Statist. J.,23, 251–268).     

Solving systems of polynomial inequalities over a real closed field in subexponential time

Let _m= (₁,..., _m) denote an ordered field, where _i+1>0 is infinitesimal relative to the elements of _i, 0 < –i < m (by definition, ₀= ). Given a system of inequalities f₁ > 0, ..., f_s > 0, f_s+1 0, ..., f_k 0, where f_{j m} [X₁,..., X_n] are polynomials such that, and the absolute value of any integer occurring in the coefficients of the f_js is at most 2^M. An algorithm is constructed which tests the above system of inequalities for solvability over the real closure of _m in polynomial time with respect to M, ((d)ⁿd₀)^n+m. In the case _m=, the algorithm explicitly constructs a family of real solutions of the system (provided the latter is consistent). Previously known algorithms for this problem had complexity of the order ofM(d d ₀ ^{m 2U(n)} .Translated from Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov Leningradskogo Otdeleniya Maternaticheskogo Instituta im. V. A. Steklova Akad. Nauk SSSR, Vol. 174, pp. 3–36, 1988.     

On the cauchy problem for some non-Kowalewskian equations inD {σ} L2 (*)

A pseudo-differential operator is considered, which generalizes some peculiar non-Kowalewskian operators of 2-evolution type. A result is proved about the well-posedness of the Cauchy problem inD _{} ^L2 , where 1 is Gevrey index.     

Messbare Mengen von Massen und Inhalten

Let X be a completely regular space. The customary -field is the coarsest -field on the space of Bairemeasures on X which makes (A) measurable for any Baire set A. We compare the customary -field with the Baire and Borel -field induced by the weak* topology which lies on the dual space C(X). In (2.3) it is shown that the customary -field is just the Baire -field. In part 3 necessary and sufficient conditions are given under which the set of -smooth measures is measurable with respect to the Borel -field which lies on the positive cone of the space of finitely additive, regular measures C(X). Finally, a decomposition theorem for generalized kernels is proved. The -smooth part of a generalized kernel is a kernel again if certain conditions are fulfilled.     

Inner functions and related spaces of pseudocontinuable functions

Let be an inner function, let C, ¦¦=1. Then the harmonic function [(+)]/(–)] is the Poisson integral of a singular measure D. N. Clark's known theorem enables us to identify in a natural manner the space H² H² with the space L² ( ).Translated from Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov Leningradskogo Otdeleniya Matematicheskogo Instituta im. V. A. Steklova Akademii Nauk SSSR, Vol. 170, pp. 7–33, 1989.     

Large deviations for the invariant measure of a reaction-diffusion equation with non-Gaussian perturbations

Summary In this paper we establish a large deviations principle for the invariant measure of the non-Gaussian stochastic partial differential equation (SPDE) _t v =v +f(x,v )+(x,v ) . Here is a strongly-elliptic second-order operator with constant coefficients, h:=DH _xx-h, and the space variablex takes values on the unit circleS ¹. The functionsf and are of sufficient regularity to ensure existence and uniqueness of a solution of the stochastic PDE, and in particular we require that 0<mM wherem andM are some finite positive constants. The perturbationW is a Brownian sheet. It is well-known that under some simple assumptions, the solutionv ² is aC ^k (S ¹)-valued Markov process for each 0<1/2, whereC (S ¹) is the Banach space of real-valued continuous functions onS ¹ which are Hölder-continuous of exponent . We prove, under some further natural assumptions onf and which imply that the zero element ofC (S ¹) is a globally exponentially stable critical point of the unperturbed equation _t ⁰ = ⁰ +f(x,⁰), that has a unique stationary distributionv ^K, on (C (S ¹), (C ^K (S ¹))) when the perturbation parameter is small enough. Some further calculations show that as tends to zero,v ^K, tends tov ^K,0, the point mass centered on the zero element ofC (S ¹). The main goal of this paper is to show that in factv ^K, is governed by a large deviations principle (LDP). Our starting point in establishing the LDP forv ^K, is the LDP for the process , which has been shown in an earlier paper. Our methods of deriving the LDP forv ^K, based on the LDP for are slightly non-standard compared to the corresponding proofs for finite-dimensional stochastic differential equations, since the state spaceC (S ¹) is inherently infinite-dimensional.This work was performed while the author was with the Department of Mathematics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA