壳聚糖超细微粉的制备及其微观形态结构变化的研究

圆盘式粉碎机在常温下粉碎片状壳聚糖 ,制备平均粒径为 7.6 5μm,粒径分布范围为 0 .4— 32μm的壳聚糖超细粉末。以扫描电镜、粒度分析、红外光谱、分子量测定和 X射线衍射等测试技术 ,研究粉碎过程中壳聚糖形貌、粒径、分子结构和结晶结构等变化。结果表明 ,壳聚糖超细粉末具有粒径小、粒度分布窄、分子量较高等特点 ;除了结晶度由 5 7.9%下降为 34.6 %而导致其水溶性显著提高外 ,化学结构未因粉碎过程的机械作用而显著变化。     

等离子体中的颗粒成长模型

研究等离子体环境下的带电微小颗粒的成长过程．在收集离子和颗粒间凝合两种成长机制中,后者起主要作用,使生成的颗粒粒度接近．基于能量均分定理提出一个简化的模型,推导出颗粒粒度分布函数的动力方程．初步的数值模拟结果证实了上述成长机制的设想. 关键词：     

射频感应等离子体制备球形钨粉的工艺研究

 采用射频感应等离子体球化颗粒形状不规则的钨粉（平均粒度尺寸5～12 μm）,研究了加料速率、物料分散方式、钨粉颗粒大小等因素对球化率的影响。当加料速率大于95 g/min时,粉体的球化率随着加料速率的增大急剧减小,加料速率增大到135.75 g/min时,样品钨粉球化率仅为30%。当携带气量为0.12 m3/h 时,分散效果较佳,其球形度相应也较好,球化率几乎达到100%;随着钨粉球化率提高,其松装密度有所增大。通过对不同粒度分布的原粉进行球化处理,得出结论：钨粉原粉粒度分布均匀,则相应制备出的球形钨粉的粒度分布也比较均匀。     

基于前向光散射的水体悬浮颗粒物粒度双CMOS测量技术研究

基于CMOS探测器的静态光散射法能够实现水体悬浮颗粒物粒度分布的快速检测,受探测器工作特性和面幅大小的限制,前向光散射的CMOS粒度测量范围和精度难以提高。提出了颗粒前向光散射的双CMOS测量技术,重点研究双CMOS散射信号拼接测量方法,设计消除背景干扰的CMOS探测器分环方式,实现宽粒径范围颗粒粒度的准确测量。实验结果表明：基于CMOS探测器的颗粒粒度测量上限提高到了1000μm, 1000μm、500μm标样的D₅₀测量相对误差分别为0.7%、0.1%,大粒径颗粒粒度测量准确度高;同时双CMOS探测的方式将单CMOS的粒度测量下限由5μm提高到了2μm, 5μm、2μm标样D₅₀相对误差分别由单CMOS的15.0%、51.1%下降至双CMOS的1.4%、2.6%。     

窄筛分水洗沙的气测和水测渗透率实验

为证实随粒度变细无因次渗透率变大是气测渗透率的特有规律,对粒度100-450μm范围内的五种窄筛分水洗沙的渗透率进行了实验测量对比。实验结果表明,随粒度变细,气测无因次渗透率规律变大是固有的,是流动滑移增强的结果。平均粒度402．5μm筛分沙形成的孔隙尺度不是受流动滑移影响的终结尺度。流动滑移影响远比认定的强,不限于Kn>10-3。同粒度范围内水测渗透率受流动滑移影响不明显,五种筛分沙的无因次渗透率-孔隙率数据几乎都落在曲线K~(1/2)／d=0．283Φ2.67的±4．1％以内。出人预料的是,不受流动滑移的水测渗透率并不比受流动滑移影响的气测渗透率低。平均粒度402．5μm筛分沙的气测渗透率比水测渗透率低近46％,远大于渗透率,孔隙率测量误差之和。数表气体粘度系数包括流动滑移成分,数值偏低是可能的。     

CeO_2掺杂对单畴GdBCO超导块材性能的影响

本文采用顶部籽晶熔融织构方法(TSMTG),分别制备出了直径为17mm的掺杂和未掺杂CeO2的单畴GdBCO超导块材,其中样品中CeO2的掺杂量为1wt%,并且研究了CeO2的掺杂对样品形貌、微观结构、磁悬浮力、以及捕获磁通的影响.研究表明了CeO2的掺杂影响超导块材的生长速率,在微观形貌上,CeO2的掺杂使样品中Gd2BaCuO5(Gd211)粒子的分布更加均匀且粒度明显变小,其平均粒径约从原来未掺杂的5.49μm减小到1.32μm,并且块材中的气孔也明显减小,从而使样品的磁悬浮力从23.06N增加到31.42N,捕获磁通从0.288T增加到0.354T.这对进一步提高超导块材的性能具有重要的指导意义     

超声场强化溶液结晶研究进展

溶液结晶技术在很多领域有着广泛的应用，超声强化溶液结晶不仅可刺激结晶成核，而且也可提高结晶生长速率，控制晶体粒径的分布，提高产品的质量和结晶设备的生产能力，具有重要的理论和实际意义，本文论述了这方面的研究进展情况，并提出了存在的问题和展望。     

氟磷共掺杂二氧化硅光纤预制棒的表面晶化

对F、P共掺杂光纤预制棒退火后的表面晶化行为进行了研究．由改进的化学汽相沉淀法制备的氟和磷共掺杂二氧化硅光纤预制棒玻璃样品在6h的115℃控温加热处理后，其表面发生晶化．用X-射线衍射仪观测其晶相，主要为旷方石英，可使玻璃具有二阶光学非线性；用光学显微镜观察了其表面形貌并对结晶微粒的大小进行测量，知晶粒大小在十几到几十μm之间，会造成散射损耗的增加．实验结果，还显示氟对结晶过程有很大的影响．     

超声气体射流辅助飞秒激光刻蚀石英微槽工艺研究

针对飞秒激光加工硬脆材料过程中存在重凝、微裂纹、崩边等物理缺陷,为获得高质量加工面,提出超声气体射流辅助飞秒激光加工方法。以刻蚀石英微槽为研究对象,探讨了超声气体射流辅助飞秒激光加工机理,探究了超声频率、超声功率及气体入口压力对飞秒激光刻蚀石英微槽深度及深宽比的影响规律,对比分析了有无超声气体射流辅助下飞秒激光刻蚀石英微槽形貌。实验结果表明,在飞秒激光重复频率20 kHz、单脉冲能量50μJ、离焦量0μm、扫描速度4 mm/s、单次扫描加工条件下,石英微槽深宽比从无超声气体射流辅助下的0.81提升至超声气体射流辅助下的1.23,槽深由27.16μm增加到48.82μm,此时超声气体射流参数为气体入口压力0.6 MPa、超声频率28 kHz、超声功率300 W。在超声气体射流辅助下石英微槽表面附着颗粒物减小,表面形貌显著提高。     

多碱光电阴极层状——铯处理多碱光电阴极的附加厚度

根据多碱光电阴极制备过程中的光谱响应在0．4－0．5μm之间光电流减少这一事实，分析了Cs处理多碱光电极的厚度。结果表明，经第一次Cs处理，4μm处的光电流由6mA／W下降到3．8mA／W，第二次处理又进一步降低到1．6mA／W。其主要原因是Cs处理形成的K2CsSb具有一定厚度，光电子在输运过程中由于厚度增加导致散射几率增加，逸出几率下降，从而使光电发射下降。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.